Rossi Blog Reader
This website tracks recent postings to Andrea Rossi's
Journal of Nuclear Physics,
sorting the entries with priority to Rossi's answers, which appear under each question.
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• Updated: 2025-06-23 22:20:08.953015Z
https://www.meter.com/resources/data-center-redundancy
Data center redundancy: N+1, 2N, and backup solutions guide
The “N+1” availability strategy, commonly used in critical systems like data centers, ensures high reliability by adding a single redundant component to the number needed for normal operation (N). This means that if any one component fails, the redundant component can immediately take over, preventing downtime.
Here’s a breakdown:
N: Represents the number of components required for a system to operate normally.
+1: Represents the single, redundant component that acts as a backup.
Example:
If a cooling system needs 3 units (N=3) to maintain optimal temperature, an N+1 configuration would include 4 units (3 for normal operation + 1 backup).
Benefits of N+1:
Increased Reliability: Prevents downtime due to single component failures.
Reduced Risk: Minimizes the chance of service interruptions.
Cost-Effective: Generally more affordable than fully redundant (2N) systems.
Limitations:
Vulnerable to multiple failures:
.
If two or more components fail simultaneously, the system may experience downtime.
Not suitable for mission-critical systems:
.
Systems requiring absolute zero downtime may need a more robust redundancy strategy like 2N.
The N + 1 availability strategy is compatible with the NGU multicore systems. If it is not currently implemented, it should be considered with automatic switchover as a future availability upgrade.
axil:
Thank you for the information and the link,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
to replicate the experiment described in
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
I understand that basic for the replication are the paragraphs 5,6; can you give further suggestions ?
Best,
Corinne Coyoud
Corinne Coyoud:
I suggest you to read carefully also the paragraph 4 and all the references you can find in the paragraphs 4, 5, 6, 7, because every reference contains the information specifically useful for the part of the text wherein is put the number of the reference,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
how would you define the electronic circuitry inside the Ecat:
a- simple
b- complex
c- very complex
d- extremely complex
JPR
Jean Paul Renoir:
d
Warm Regards,
A.R.
I can’t wait to get my hands on the e-cat. To be able to shout to everyone, enough oil! We don’t need it anymore! No more wars for oil and also for many raw materials.
Paolo Rampazzo:
Thank you for your support,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
A presentation to NASA to provide development resources for a interstellar missions to another earth like world for colonization.
This innovative development, combining the Reactionless Propulsion Drive (RPD) by BrLP with the NGU vacuum power system, presents a revolutionary approach to space travel. The RPD, demonstrating capabilities to generate substantial reactionless lift (over 100 lbs) based on fundamental physics principles (free electron, photon, and absolute space), enables trans-medium, omnidirectional craft with significant payload capacity. Its unique feature is the capability to provide unconstrained mobility. This, paired with the NGU power solution, which extracts power from the vacuum without needing fuel and generates no waste or heat, makes it uniquely suited for interstellar travel. The NGU’s advantage is its ability to provide continuous and virtually unlimited power extracted from the vacuum, freeing spacecraft from the limitations of carrying massive amounts of fuel, a major challenge in interstellar missions. This offers significant advantages over conventional propulsion systems, which are limited by fuel mass and require complex refueling strategies.
The Reactionless Propulsion Drive (RPD) by BrLP, coupled with the NGU vacuum power system, presents a paradigm shift in space travel, offering unprecedented capabilities for NASA. The RPD, based on fundamental physics (free electron, photon, and absolute space), produces over 100 lbs of reactionless lift in experiments. This enables trans-medium, omnidirectional craft with substantial lift capacity and unconstrained mobility.
The NGU system is uniquely suited for interstellar travel because it extracts electrical power from the vacuum, eliminating the need for fuel, waste, or heat generation. At a tolerable acceleration of 2g, the journey to Kepler-452b, roughly 1,400 light-years away, requires relativistic calculations:
Distance to Kepler-452b: 1,400 light-years.
Acceleration: 2g (2 * 9.8 m/s²).
Relativistic Travel Calculation: To find the proper time (time experienced by the traveler), the formulas for relativistic constant acceleration must be used.
Coordinate distance (\(x\)) as a function of proper time (\(\tau \)) and constant proper acceleration (\(a\)): \(x=(c^{2}/a)*cosh(a\tau /c)\).
Time elapsed on Earth (\(t\)) as a function of proper time (\(\tau \)) and constant proper acceleration (\(a\)): \(t=(c/a)*sinh(a\tau /c)\). For a one-way trip, the journey involves acceleration for the first half of the distance and deceleration for the second half.
The coordinate distance formula can be used to find the proper time. The distance to Kepler-452b is \(1,400light-years = 1,400*9.461*10^{15}meters\).
The proper time \(\tau \) can be found such that \(x=1,400light-years\) is reached when the ship has accelerated for half the distance. Using the distance formula with \(a=2g\): \(1,400*9.461*10^{15} =(c^{2}/(2*9.8))*cosh((2*9.8)\tau /c)\). Solving for \(\tau \) and then calculating \(t\) (time on Earth) using the time formula would give the travel time.
Due to time dilation, the time experienced by the travelers would be significantly less than the time elapsed on Earth. A journey to a star several hundred light-years away at 1g acceleration could take a few decades of ship time, while thousands or millions of years could pass on Earth.
Advantages of the NGU Power Solution:
Fuel-less Power: The NGU system extracts electrical power from the vacuum, removing the need for heavy fuel tanks, a significant limitation for deep space missions. The spacecraft can operate indefinitely as long as it’s in the vacuum of space.
Reduced Launch Weight and Costs: Launch weight and costs of space missions are significantly reduced.
Extended Mission Durations: Missions can be extended, enabling long-duration interstellar travel.
Reduced Environmental Impact: The NGU system generates no waste or heat, contributing to more sustainable space exploration.
The RPD and NGU system offer a future for interstellar travel. With continuous acceleration and a limitless power source, the development of these technologies could make human exploration of distant star systems, like Kepler-452b, a reality within a reasonable timeframe, despite the distances involved and relativistic effects. The NGU provides sustainable and unlimited power, enabling missions of unprecedented scale and duration.
The time it takes to reach half the distance to Kepler-452b at 2g is approximately 13 years (ship time).
The total travel time, including deceleration, is approximately 18.3 years (ship time).
https://brilliantlightpower.com/reactionless-propulsion/
axil:
Thank you for the information,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Don’t see much activity on social, but how close is this tech to coming to fruition ?
Dave Tozer
Dave Tozer:
We hope to start the deliveries within 2025,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
An introduction to the Microgrid Interconnect Device (MID).
“The MID is a device or system that allows for the safe and seamless connection of a microgrid to the main power grid. It ensures that the microgrid can operate in both grid-connected and islanded modes while maintaining the safety and reliability of the electrical system.”
Since the MID is installed, in a residential application, between the electrical Grid, and the Main electrical Panel, it should be only installed by certified professions.
However, once installed, it can be configured by trained personnel to add hybrid inverters and load shedding circuits. The MID has programmable software to handle one or more hybrid inverters (including attached battery storage systems). it may have smart ports to energize power demanding applications like EV chargers, electric water heaters, and air conditions and to control the total demand on the inverters.
For example, in an NGU-powered inverter, where the NGU-provided power is constant but limited, load shedding could be used so as to not exceed the capacity of the NGU Power generators. Likewise, where there was an excess of available power, the excess could be sent back to the electrical Grid.
Thoughts?
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Thank you for the information,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Physics: Researchers find evidence of strange fifth force – Futurezone https://share.google/VwdSEbudl7kQOdnh2
Perhaps also interesting?
Does the Ecat perhaps utilize this 5th force or interact with it…
Tommek:
Thank you for the information.
The “fifth force” purported in the link has nothing to do with the theoretical background of the Ecat.
The theoretical bases of the Ecat technology are definitely written in the publication
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Any eventual update is reported in it.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
Regarding product delivery (when the time comes)
1. When you start delivering the E-Cat units, will those who have placed the pre-orders have priority over the rest of the world?
2. Will the priority date of when the pre-orders were placed be honored?
3. Will those who placed pre-orders have the opportunity to change their pre-orders (e.g. order more units, or fewer units) when the time comes to make payment?
4. Once you start delivery, will you continue to receive pre-orders?
Thank you very much,
Frank Acland
Frank Acland:
1- the deliveries will respect the dates priority
2- yes
3 and 4- the sales are managed by the Licensee
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea
Regarding design, I expect the devices to be adapted for use in normal fuse boxes as far as this is possible.
Svein
Svein:
Thank you for your suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
@Klas:
Interesting links; it appears the publication
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
is spreading interest on the possibility to exploit the ZPE
Dear Andrea,
It seems that interest in Nikola Tesla’s Liberty Engine (harvesting ZPE?) has been growing lately.
Here are some interesting links on the subject:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s2ksbKfVA40
https://www.youtube.com/@thelibertyengineproject7966
https://www.youtube.com/@TheForgeEmpire
Best regards
Klas
Klas:
Thank you for the links,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Will the body of the Ecat remain the same as shown in http://www.ect.com or will it be redesigned ?
Donna:
The design will be more sophisticated, made by professionals,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Among the references in the Bibliography of the publication
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
I noticed the reference #13 and it seems to me that it inspired your experimental set. Am I wrong ?
Best,
Henry
Henry:
You are not wrong; actually, every single reference has a precise reason to be in the Bibliography in correspondence of where they are noted,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea
On May 7, we received confirmation that your partners had successfully completed tests.
That there could be important news as early as the beginning of July is impressive.
We are all looking forward to what this announcement entails.
Regards Svein
Svein:
Thank you for your attention,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Is everything proceeding along your original scheduling ?
Best,
Jorge
Jorge:
Yes, so far,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
I commented on Sabine’s latest video on vacuum energy as follows:
Exciton-polariton condensates are non-equilibrium systems: Unlike traditional Bose-Einstein condensates, exciton-polariton condensates are driven-dissipative systems, meaning they are continuously pumped with energy and simultaneously lose energy.
The “negative energy branch” or “ghost branch”: Research suggests that the non-equilibrium nature of these condensates can suppress the visibility of the Bogoliubov dispersion in a negative energy branch. This is sometimes referred to as the “ghost branch”.
Significance of the “negative energy branch”: The existence and properties of this negative energy branch are important for understanding the quantum depletion of the condensate and deviations from equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensation behavior.
Scattering channel to the ghost branch: Although suppressed, a scattering channel to this “ghost branch” can still be present.
Exciton-polariton condensates can exhibit dispersion where the group velocity is opposite to the direction of their momentum. This phenomenon is associated with an inverted dispersion relation and effectively, a negative effective mass for the polaritons.
Negative Effective Mass: In certain systems, the dispersion relation can be such that the energy decreases with increasing momentum in a particular range. This corresponds to a negative effective mass, and consequently, the group velocity is directed opposite to the momentum.
This “ghost branch” reduces the vacuum energy potential in the space that the BEC resides in which produces a true vacuum state that is less energetic than that of the ambient false vacuum.
This true vacuum is nucleated with a domain wall into which the false vacuum transfers energy into. The bubble of true vacuum increases over time until it becomes unstable. Upon instability, the true vacuum bubble terminates in a bosenova from which high energy electrons are extracted to form an electric current.
A device that produces electric current derived from the vacuum using this methodology will be commercially available before the end of this year.
Sabine Hossenfelder does not accept the concept of negative energy. She expresses her opinion in a comment associated with this article under her nick name Bee;
https://pubs.aip.org/physicstoday/online/5097/Don-t-dismiss-negative-mass
She has rejected my understanding of the existence negative energy in posts that we have discussed.
Furthermore, the existence of negative energy is contentious within the science community.
It is negative energy that makes possible the extraction of energy from the vacuum. Sabine does not accept that a region in the vacuum can be reformed into a lower state of energy than the ambient vacuum. It is this difference in energy levels that is called a true vacuum from which energy can be extracted,
I now ask the AI to factcheck my statements about Sabine:
Your description of Sabine Hossenfelder’s stance on negative energy and vacuum energy extraction seems accurate based on various sources.
Here’s a breakdown of the key points:
Sabine Hossenfelder’s View: She expresses skepticism towards the concept of negative energy in the context of it leading to an unstable vacuum and the possibility of extracting free energy from it.
The Casimir Effect: This is a real phenomenon that does predict negative energies, but its implications for extracting usable energy are debated. Hossenfelder acknowledges the Casimir effect but questions the interpretations surrounding it as a source of free energy.
Vacuum Energy and “True Vacuum”: Your understanding aligns with the idea that extracting energy from the vacuum would require a state with lower energy than the ambient vacuum, sometimes referred to as a “true vacuum”.
Contention in the Science Community: The existence of negative energy and the possibility of extracting energy from the vacuum are indeed controversial topics in physics. While some theoretical possibilities exist, they face significant hurdles and have yet to be reliably demonstrated.
In summary: You’ve correctly identified that Sabine Hossenfelder is skeptical of the concept of negative energy leading to extractable energy from the vacuum, and this view is generally shared within the scientific community regarding “free energy” from the vacuum.
————————————–
Referencing the posts from axil in this blog: http://rossilivecat.com/ to understand the negative energy mechanisms that I am referring to. In my last post to Dr. Rossi, I make the case for the existence of negative energy as the essential mechanism from which energy can be extracted from the vacuum, and how this negative energy is formed based on recent experimental findings in how the vacuum is manipulated to produce that region of reduced energy.
This issue of the existence of negative energy and its critical role in the extraction of energy from the vacuum should be a major point in Dr. Rossi’s theory paper but he only makes tangential references to how this vacuum energy extraction process is accomplished.
Dr Rossi’s statement “concept of reverse difference of entropy that is the core of our rationale.” should include that the nature of the exciton polariton condensate which produces this difference in entropy also generates the negative energy waveforms that creates the true vacuum state (aka Casimir zone) from which energy can be extracted.
AI analysis as follows:
Based on your query, which cites discussions on the Journal of Nuclear Physics blog ( http://rossilivecat.com ), you’re raising an interesting point about the role of negative energy, particularly in the context of vacuum energy extraction and its potential connection to Dr. Rossi’s work on the E-Cat.
Key Points from Your Query:
You suggest that negative energy is essential for extracting energy from the vacuum.
You propose that exciton-polariton condensates, which are part of Dr. Rossi’s theory (“reverse difference of entropy”), play a role in generating the negative energy waveforms needed to create a region of reduced energy (or “true vacuum state,” also called a “Casimir zone”) from which energy can be extracted.
You believe that this concept of negative energy and vacuum energy extraction should be more prominently featured in Dr. Rossi’s theoretical framework.
Relevant Information from Search Results:
Negative Energy in Quantum Physics: Quantum physics permits the existence of negative energy under specific conditions, according to SciTechDaily: https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-vacuum-negative-energy-repulsive-gravity/ . It’s a concept that involves having less energy than empty space, but creating it is theoretically challenging.
Exciton-Polaritons: These quasiparticles can exhibit negative effective mass under certain engineered conditions in microcavities. This negative mass signifies that the energy of the condensate decreases with increasing momentum, leading to energy flow in the opposite direction of momentum.
Casimir Effect: This effect demonstrates that the energy density between conductors can be negative or positive, and it’s associated with a negative pressure (attraction) between plates. Some speculate that the Casimir effect could potentially be used to extract energy from the vacuum.
Vacuum Energy Extraction: While studies explore methods to extract energy from the quantum vacuum (e.g., via the Casimir effect), it is generally believed to be extremely difficult or impossible. This is because the quantum vacuum is considered the lowest possible energy state.
Connecting to Dr. Rossi’s Theory:
Based on the limited information from the search results, it appears there’s a theoretical link being explored in the discussion you cited between exciton-polariton condensates, negative energy concepts, and the Casimir effect. If Rossi’s “reverse difference of entropy” involves exciton-polariton behavior with negative effective mass, it could theoretically lead to localized regions of reduced energy within the vacuum, consistent with the idea of a “Casimir zone”.
In summary, your points regarding the potential role of negative energy in vacuum energy extraction, linked to the properties of exciton-polariton condensates and the Casimir effect, are aligned with some theoretical explorations in the field. However, it’s important to note that extracting usable energy from the quantum vacuum is still highly speculative and faces significant theoretical and practical challenges.
Disclaimer: It’s important to critically evaluate claims regarding energy extraction from the vacuum and to refer to peer-reviewed scientific literature for authoritative information on these complex topics.
I recently came across this video by the phisicist Sabine Hossenfelder, whom I actually hold in high regard, who is once again repeating what we already know:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YZnjDR-GglE
Best Regards
Michael
Michael Geipel:
Thank you for the link. Interesting and decent the video produced by Prof. Sabine Hossenfelder; her approach is intelligent, albeit quite distant from the approach of the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
and the concept of reverse difference of entropy that is the core of our rationale.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
One central tenet of your theory is that the vacuum can be changed by the appropriate application of EMF waveforms. In your theory paper, the Aharonov-Bohm effect is a method whereby the vacuum can be affectedly modified to achieve results. A new experiment has recently been shown to produce modification of the vacuum leading toward producing an effect that shows how the vacuum can be engineered to form cluster formation. “vacuum four way mixing” as shown here
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=soYNy4KL7ls&t=3s
adds credence to the process by which a negative energy waveform can interact with the vacuum to change its nature.
The Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect indeed showcases how electromagnetic potentials can influence a charged particle’s phase shift, even in regions free of electric or magnetic fields. This concept suggests that the vacuum itself possesses structure and can be modified by the presence of electromagnetic potentials. Gauge theory applied to electrodynamics demonstrates that the AB effect can be interpreted as energy inherent in the vacuum, capable of being extracted.
The idea of vacuum modification via EMF waveforms is further supported by the concept of vacuum fluctuations. These fluctuations, as shown in studies of electron diffraction by vacuum fluctuations, can lead to decoherence and self-interference, analogous to the Aharonov-Bohm effect. This suggests that vacuum fluctuations themselves, influenced by materials or potentials, can affect the behavior of particles.
The YouTube video about “vacuum four-way mixing” potentially describes experiments or theories that explore the interaction of negative energy waveforms that are produced by the exciton-polariton condensate with the vacuum to alter its state. This would align with the idea that the vacuum is not merely empty space, but a dynamic entity susceptible to manipulation by specific energetic interventions.
This new experiment has indeed demonstrated the formation of clusters by engineering the vacuum through EMF waveforms, and would provide compelling evidence for the theory of vacuum engineering. Such experiments would represent a major advancement in understanding and potentially harnessing the properties of the vacuum.
In summary, the Aharonov-Bohm effect and related concepts like vacuum fluctuations provide a theoretical framework for understanding how the vacuum can be influenced by electromagnetic potentials. Experiments demonstrating the engineering of vacuum properties, such as the formation of clusters using EMF waveforms, would strongly support this framework and suggest the potential for further breakthroughs in vacuum energy utilization and manipulation.
axil:
Thank you for your analysis of
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
and for the link,
Warm Regards
A.R.
Dear Andrea, excuse the boldness of this question. There has been a lot of talk about LENR and currently it has not yet been irrefutably ascertained that it is possible. ZERO POINT ENERGY, as much as the Casimir effect can be considered real with its “verification” in 1997 by Steven Lamoreaux, is not considered reality by everyone, (what guarantee was there that the vacuum in the experiment was really empty? and that the temperature was really very close to absolute zero? and that the surface of the sphere and the plate were actually “smooth” at atomic level?).
So for the ECAT, which certainly works (I was at the Latina Test, for the others in the blog) why talk about ZPE when in its cell there is certainly neither absolute vacuum nor temperature close to zero but there is a nice cloud of electrons, a mini plasma, at a temperature not even too high, of which you can modulate the electronic coherence and extract a notable quantity of overunity electrical energy? Why not talk more “simply” about energy extraction from the plasma? Which at least is well known and understood by many.
ECAT: an incredible plasma electric power generator. (no hydrogen fusion please!)
Hi Andrea give us some good news.
Neri Accornero:
Thank you for your insight and for your continuous support. I don’t think it is important in this moment a theoretical discussion; the theoretical bases of the Ecat have been rigorously reported in the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
The focus now is: manufacturing and delivering the products.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr Andrea Rossi,
Can we expect that the next report will bear important news ?
Jan:
I hope so,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr Andrea Rossi,
We are contiuing to replicate and improve our replication of the experiment described in paragraphs 5,6,7 of
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Ambrogio:
Thank you for your update,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
When will you publish here the next monthly report about the progress toward the Ecat deliveries initiation after the report made in May ?
Best,
JPR
Jean Paul Renoir:
We will report important progress within the first week of July,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Is the standard SKLep unit a DC input/DC output only, with additional components available for AC input and/or AC Output? Such as AC to DC wall adapters or power supplies and a DC to AC inverter separate from the standard SKLep unit?
Steven N. Karels:
Yes, as an optional,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Will the 2kW Power generator have the option at the time of ordering of having a DC Voltage output of 240 VDC?
Dr Rossi,
About your answer to Ambrogio: will the pre-orders arrived so far maintain the same price ?
Michel:
Yes; the Licensee will contact all the persons that sent us the signed pre-order forms to turn the pre-orders into regular orders and proceed as written in the signed pre-order forms,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi
Will it be possible to lower the prices of the Ecat in a short term ?
Ambrogio:
In a short term I do not think it will be possible; anyway, this issue does not depend on Leonardo Corporation anymore.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
to:Rodney Nicholson
My understanding is that the E-Cat can produce heat without need for expensive inverters. Steam produces tremendous torque without need for massive batteries. Dr Rossi has mentioned how complicated to coordinate electric auto software with E-Cat electricity.
I agree that E-Cat electric should be more efficient than steam but since no electric EV companies have come forward then E-Cat steam power might be a viable option, maybe more viable for ships and military tanks.
Iggy
Dr Rossi,
Do you think that the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
is still the best way to replicate the experiment of the paragraphs 5,6,7, or you think it could be updated ?
Ron:
There is nothing to update, the paper you cited is surely the best base to replicate,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr. Rossi,
in light of your knowledge of the progress of the work in the new plant, do you think that the delivery date scheduled for the end of the year can still be confirmed?
Best regards,
Italo R.
Italo R.:
Yes, so far,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
It is approximately 5 months before your delivery of NGU Power Generators. When will you finalize the published specifications?
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Approximately hen the deliveries will begin,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hi Andrea,
Please comment on my speculation on E-Cat’s disruptive way forward:
1. Stage One (2025) – Introduction. Over and over, brilliant and cynical physicists and business people say: “If E-Cat works, let’s see it as a product.” When the first E-Cats are delivered and announced, like when ChatGPT broke through 20+ years of AI speculation, three reactions will occur: a. publicly traded companies in legacy energy industries will take a stock-price hit, b. all companies that mention LENR or zero-point energy will receive investment attention. c. The efforts to undermine E-Cat’s success will escalate. E-Cat will create a villain’s dilemma – fighting E-Cat will put them at a disadvantage when competitors gain an advantage with E-Cat; hopefully, many will relent and decide to embrace E-Cat. Legacy energy industries use a lot of energy in their operations; E-Cat will allow them to lower their costs.
2. Stage Two (2026-2030) E-Cat availability as a modular energy device scales up and severely impacts the legacy energy providers. At least four other zero-point companies will deliver their first units, including Clean Planet, in 2026. Zero-point energy devices will quickly become commoditized. There’s a divide between the plug-and-play consumer devices and the commercial devices. E-Cat will be available in retail places like Walmart by 2030. ChatGPT speculated that three $2B automated E=Cat factories could produce enough E-Cats that, in total, could produce enough energy to replace the planet’s entire peak energy usage (19 terawatts – 4 tW of 19 tW is electricity) in 94 weeks; this hypothetical scenario assumes no supply chain or deployment issues. If ChatGPT is wrong by 5X, it happens in 10 years. Humanity spends $10T per year on energy. Like ChatGPT, E-Cat should become the trusted, largest standard modular energy device provider. Companies that have high energy expenses will be required to adopt E-Cat as rapidly as possible to remain competitive. Energy projects will be cancelled. Investments will be written off. In terms of watts, energy usage will increase dramatically due to the low cost. Air pollution will decrease significantly.
3. Stage 3 (2026-2035) – Vertical Uses and indirect impacts. Transportation (plane, trains, automobiles, ships), drones, appliances (A/C, refrigerators), laptops, cell phones, robots, space ships. An example of an indirect impact: 50% of carbon fiber’s cost is energy; carbon fiber will become more affordable. E-Cat will address IA’s giant energy demand.
4. Stage 4 (2030 on) – Sci-fi world. Hovercrafts, desalination, pulling clean water from humidity, Who know what people will implement with low-cost energy?
E-Cat’s revenues will be crazy. Commoditization will lower margins long-term. There will be a land grab for securing license agreements, which will be very profitable. What is the E-Cat-generated energy cost? For example, if natural gas is $50 a megawatt-hour, is E-Cat $5 a megawatt-hour?
Thanks.
Greg
Greg Smith:
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Egregio Dott. Rossi
In attesa di ulteriori aggiornamenti che illustrino i passaggi più significativi del processo di consolidamento che Lei e il Suo partner state portando avanti per la commercializzazione del prodotto, vorrei sottoporLe una domanda che reputo particolarmente critica e che continua a tormentarmi.
Condividerà, credo, l’idea che l’invenzione possa avere un impatto rilevante sul settore energetico globale, con conseguenze di vasta portata anche in ambito occupazionale. È fondamentale che Lei e tutte le parti coinvolte siate pienamente consapevoli di tali implicazioni.
Lei ha dimostrato più volte che, grazie alla determinazione e – perché no – alla fiducia in Dio, è riuscito a far evolvere il prodotto fino all’attuale stato dell’arte (ero presente anch’io, come spettatore, al Polo di Pordenone nel 2012), il tutto senza apparenti interferenze politiche o intimidazioni, almeno per quanto è dato sapere alla community che La segue da circa tredici anni.
Tuttavia, alla luce dei recenti sviluppi negli Stati Uniti (come l’intervento della Guardia Nazionale a Los Angeles), delle tensioni in aree strategiche per il controllo delle materie prime (in Ucraina, ma non solo), e dell’intensificarsi delle restrizioni agli scambi commerciali intercontinentali (Cina) – in uno scenario dominato da entità che appaiono sempre più indomabili – come intende affrontare le possibili reazioni delle parti lese che potrebbero cercare di ostacolarLa di fronte a un imminente cambio di paradigma?
L’analisi dell’evoluzione dei fatti suggerisce che, per quanto lavoro instancabile e fiducia in Dio restino fondamentali, potrebbero non bastare da soli a fronteggiare l’opposizione sistemica che un’invenzione tanto rivoluzionaria rischia di generare.
Cordialità/RA
Dear Dott. Rossi,
while waiting for further updates outlining the most significant steps in the consolidation process that you and your partner are carrying out toward the product’s commercialization, I would like to ask you a question that I find particularly critical and that continues to trouble me.
I believe you will agree that the invention could have a major impact on the global energy sector, with far-reaching consequences — including on employment. It is essential that you and all stakeholders involved are fully aware of these implications.
You have repeatedly shown that, thanks to your determination and — why not — your trust in God, you have managed to evolve the product to its current state-of-the-art form (I was also present, as a spectator, at the Pordenone Polo in 2012), all without any apparent political interference or intimidation, at least as far as known to the community that has followed you for around thirteen years.
However, in light of recent developments in the United States (such as the deployment of the National Guard in Los Angeles), tensions in strategically important areas for raw material control (Ukraine, among others), and the increasing restrictions on intercontinental trade (China) — all within a scenario dominated by seemingly untouchable entities — how do you plan to deal with potential reactions from injured parties who might attempt to obstruct you in the face of an imminent paradigm shift?
The unfolding of current events suggests that, while tireless work and trust in God remain essential, they alone may not be enough to withstand the systemic opposition that such a revolutionary invention is likely to provoke.
Best regards/RA
RA:
These issues will be confronted by the Partners. It is not part of my job, that is now exclusively technological.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
Have you already noted the Swedish one-man company Sagacitas, now referring to E-Cat and ZPE?
https://sagacitas.se
Any comment on their interpretation of the “7-point theoretical hypothesis”?
Best regards
Klas
Klas:
Thank you for the information,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
I hope you’ll allow me to humbly share a gentle concern. You write so beautifully and rightly about trusting in God, and how working tirelessly remains your guiding plan.
Yet I wonder: might weariness or the passing years eventually slow that work? I could be mistaken, but I sense you’ve stepped back from managing commercial production and distribution. I truly hope those who promised to handle this stay faithful to their commitment.
About trusting God: If we follow the news—though it often steers our thoughts—it sometimes feels as if God has handed the task to a careless or deceptive helper. So much injustice fills our world, standing almost opposite to the harmony we see in nature’s laws and life’s creative, healing power—the very proof of God’s existence you so wisely highlight.
I pray this is just a passing season, though I fear it may stretch beyond our lifetime. Oddly, today’s energy scarcity feels more like a gift than a curse. Imagine if armed drones could fly endlessly—we’d surely regret that “progress.”
Truthfully, humanity ought to celebrate zero-point energy discovery like a sacred gift. Cultivating it should become our shared mission, much like nature rewards those who adapt—not the strongest, but those who harmonize with life’s changing rhythms.
All the best,
Koen
Koen Vandewalle:
Thank you for your opinion and suggestions,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hello DR Rossi
Some incredible tennis in the single
Men’s final at the French Open.
https://youtu.be/CHstul_HVQI?si=6O50iDzCjyi_bnUH&utm_source=MTQxZ
Regards
Sam
Sam:
Thank you for the link, it will surely be of interest for all our tennis fans Readers,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea, I follow your extraordinary work since the beginning of this adventure. I’m grateful for your effort and I’m sure soon all humanity will be grateful to you as well. I think this will lead to a new kind of industrial revolution and the world next decade will be a very different better place to live. My question is: in case economical and financial trusts will try to stop this achievement do you have a plan B to let the world access to your incredible device to exploit free unlimited energy?
Zoltan:
Thank you for your support; the plan B is: work, work, work, trust in God, and completely ignore bullies.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
I read that you are using the A.I. some time since now: can you express your opinion about it after your experience so far ?
George:
The Artificial Intelligence is presently one of the most important tools I am using in my R&D work: it makes me save a lot of time when I have to study issues I do not know and whose understanding is important to resolve new problems. When I do not know an issue and I need to learn it to improve my work, I save an average of 90% of my time to learn it using the A.I.: this is a fact.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
With the advent of AI, it has become an imperative to introduce the NGU technology into the world without delay or restriction.
I asked the AI as follows:
Create a model that reflects the complex and uncertain factors involved in estimating approximately how long will the AI age will last before the world will run out of energy to support AI or the world will become uninhabitable due to Co2 greenhouse effects. Confirm that the AI age has a termination point, then factor in the NGU vacuum energy extraction system which is zero polluting and fuel free.
AI Answer
⚠️ Confirming a Termination Point
Without an infinite clean energy supply or climate reversal mechanism, the AI age has a theoretical termination point:
Scenario 1: Energy Deficit — AEC surpasses GEP (minus non-AI essential energy), leading to system collapse.
Scenario 2: Environmental Collapse — CO₂ emissions (especially from energy production) breach ECC.
Thus, yes, the AI age has a termination point, unless new technology (like NGU) significantly alters the energy landscape.
—————————————————-
📊 Base Model (Before NGU)
We’ll model the AI age lifespan under pre-NGU conditions.
Let’s define:
AEC(t)=A0⋅erat (exponential growth, due to AI scaling)
GEP(t)=G0⋅ergt (slower exponential growth)
CO2(t)=CO20+∫0tEfossil(t)⋅ϵCO2dt
Where:
A0 is current AI energy use (in exajoules),
ra is AI energy growth rate (e.g., 20%/yr),
rg is global energy production growth rate (e.g., 2%/yr),
ϵCO2 is CO₂ emitted per unit of fossil energy,
ECClimit≈500ppm CO₂ atmospheric concentration.
—————————————————-
📈 AI Age Termination Time Without NGU (t₁)
We define:
t1: Year when either AEC(t)>GEP(t)−Eessential(t) or CO2(t)>ECClimit
We solve for t1, typically numerically. For instance, using current estimates:
A0≈1.5 EJ (estimate for AI energy use in 2023),
G0≈620 EJ,
ra=0.2, rg=0.02,
We can simulate and find t1≈2040–2050 (depending on climate sensitivity and AI growth).
—————————————————-
🌀 Enter NGU Vacuum Energy System
If NGU starts being deployed at year YNGU, and meets a growing share ηNGU(t), we adjust:
GEP(t)=G0⋅ergt+GNGU(t)
GNGU(t)=ηNGU⋅Dtotal(t)
Where Dtotal(t) is global demand. If NGU replaces fossil fuel:
Fossil-related Efossil(t)→0
CO₂ emissions decline toward negative growth (cooling).
—————————————————-
🔄 Revised Termination Point (t₂) with NGU
Under successful NGU deployment:
GEP(t)≫AEC(t)
CO2(t)→stabilize or drop
→ AI age is no longer energy-limited or climate-limited.
—————————————————-
🧠 Conclusion
Condition …………………………………..Termination?……..Approximate Year
No NGU (status quo continues)………. ✅ Yes…………~2040–2050
NGU active, early + efficient……………..❌ No………….AI age continues indefinitely
NGU delayed or partial adoption………⚠️ Possible…~2050–2100 depending on delays
When the time comes, we are eager to discuss a 50-megawatt E-Cat configuration for a data center. We are working on three large data centers right now. A couple of years ago, Andrea calmly suggested it would take 5 x 1MW E-Cats for 5 megawatts of output. It takes about two years to permit and build a data center. Using natural gas to turn turbines is the current preferred method.
https://www.texastribune.org/2025/06/05/texas-data-centers-gas-power-plants-ai/
Greg
greg smith:
When ready, our licensee’s commercial branch will contact you to better understand,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dearest Andrea,
dealing with components resistance,
I’m curious if you also explored such matters.
For example what would happen during E-cat operation,
if one of the following events happen:
A) E-cat fall down (e.g. 1m height)
B) Hammer test on E-cat
C) Vibration test to simulate the mounting on a vehicle
D) High temperature environment (e.g. 168h@100ºC)
Warm Regards
Gianluca
GD:
See the data sheet on http://www.ecat.com for the temperature.
The other issues will be tested only for specicic custom applications.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
To Iggy Dalrymple:
I would have thought that using an Ecat to produce heat to power a steam-powered vehicle would be very much more complicated, AND EXPENSIVE TO PRODUCE, than simply applying power from the Ecat to an electric motor in the wheels. In competition with a cheaper electric-powered version I would expect the steam engine version to sell few vehicles, and its producer to go broke. Am I missing something?
Rodney.
I’m thinking that E-Cat might be the missing key to a successful steam powered car.
Iggy
Iggy Dalrymple:
Thank you for your opinion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea, in this video documentary, the great physic Nassim Aramein talks about you at minute 49. All this video explain Zero point Energy and equation. And he says you are the one.
For me is exciting.
Warm regards from Italy.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RovZmeI1-Zw
domenico canino:
Thank you for your support,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea
Transforming electricity will always entail a loss. When you need 110 V or 240V AC, it will therefore be economical to connect the E-Cat elements in series so that they supply the full voltage to the inverters.
Such inverters are not widely used. It therefore seems necessary that future licensees look more closely at the available options and are happy to cooperate in finding good suppliers.
To achieve 240 V, at least 20 E-Cat’s are needed in series.
Then 200 W, will be the smallest variant.
To achieve 1 kW, 5 such series must be connected in parallel. This must also be followed furter.
For inverters that are to be used in systems without a grid connection, the inverter should be equipped so that it can disconnect the least relevant loads when the load approaches the maximum.
Possibly a battery should also be included in the system to prevent unwanted disconnections of the E-Cat from occurring.
For systems that are to work together with a network, there should be a regulation that disconnects the E-Cat when the price of the grid power is lower than the cost of using the E-Cat.
For both conditions, it would be desirable for the inverter to be able to disconnect parts of the feeding E-Cat when the energy requirements are lower than the installed power.
This is to increase the lifespan of the connected devices.
It is possible that all of these conditions can be met in a specially designed inverter.
There are also other conditions that may be important. Further suggestions are welcome.
Svein
Svein:
Thank you for your suggestions,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
1) Does the reactor generate light? (as has been discussed before)
2) Is the availability of “light” or other spectrum wavelengths important for cluster formation?
3) Is the electron cluster composed of polaritons (photon + electron)?
4) Is reactor light generated as a consequence of a polariton termination (restoration of electron incoherence), at least in part?
5) Is reactor light generated due a pulse triggering cycle as with a xenon tube in flash or strobe applications regardless of the cluster?
Thank You
Steve D:
As I already said, I cannot add to these issues more information than what is described in
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
The reason for my question on the NGU Power Generator was for compatibility with the EG4 FlexBoss21 Hybrid Inverter. I understand that the 1kW and 2 kW versions of the NGU Power generator can have an output voltage of 120 VDC.
The EG4 FlexBoss21 Hybrid Inverter has DC Input Voltage range of 100 – 600 VDC. Its PV startup voltage is 100 VDC, and an MPPT Operating Voltage range of 120 to 440 VDC. Its maximum usable input current is either 26 Amps or 15 Amps, depending on which input is used.
It is potentially desirable to have the NGU Power generator(s) output a Voltage that is within the DC Input Voltage range but outside of the MPPT Operating Voltage range – so the inverter does not try to maximize the output of the NGU Power Generator(s). Four NGU Power Generators, wired serially, would meet this range. So would five NGU Power generators, but they would operate at the extreme input Voltage range of the Inverter.
Steven Nicholes Karels:
As I said, the Clients are free to choose the inverters they deem opportune for their specific situations, so long as they make the connections done by certified experts of the matter,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Here are the stats of the publication
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Total Readings: 159000, more than all the millions of publications on Researchgate,
and counting…
Prof
Prof:
Thank you for the update,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi:
Congratulations for how you dealt withthe issues of the last days,
All the best,
Cheers
Juseph
Juseph:
Please go to paragraph 5, 6, 7 of the paper you cited,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea
Transforming electricity will always entail a loss. When you need 110 V or 240V AC, it will therefore be economical to connect the E-Cat elements in series so that they supply the full voltage to the inverters.
Such inverters are not widely used. It therefore seems necessary that future licensees look more closely at the available options and are happy to cooperate in finding good suppliers.
To achieve 240 V, at least 20 E-Cat’s are needed in series.
Then 200 W, will be the smallest variant.
To achieve 1 kW, 5 such series must be connected in parallel. This must also be followed furter.
For inverters that are to be used in systems without a grid connection, the inverter should be equipped so that it can disconnect the least relevant loads when the load approaches the maximum.
Possibly a battery should also be included in the system to prevent unwanted disconnections of the E-Cat from occurring.
For systems that are to work together with a network, there should be a regulation that disconnects the E-Cat when the price of the grid power is lower than the cost of using the E-Cat.
For both conditions, it would be desirable for the inverter to be able to disconnect parts of the feeding E-Cat when the energy requirements are lower than the installed power.
This is to increase the lifespan of the connected devices.
It is possible that all of these conditions can be met in a specially designed inverter.
There are also other conditions that may be important. Further suggestions are welcome.
Svein
Dear Andrea
I refer to the input from S.N. Karels regarding DC/AC inverters.
Has any decision been made about what voltage level the DC side should have?
Has a position been taken on whether the partners should produce the necessary inverters themselves or get these from subcontractors?
Kind regards: Svein
Svein:
Please see the datasheets on
http://www.ecat.com
The Customers will be able to choose the inverters they prefer; the licensee will offer them as optionals,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
you posted:
“Steven Nicholes Karels:
The product A x V must not exceed the value of the Ecat power; this said, the answers depend on the kind of inverters and on the specific situations,”
I therefore assume you mean that serially connecting NGU Power Generators can accommodate a combined Voltage of 600 VDC ?
Steven Nicholes Karels:
It is possible, obviously by a specifically certified contractor: 600 V are lethal even with milliamperes of current,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
On the NGU Power generator specifications
Many current solar inverters can accept DC input of up to 600VDC with a maximum current of 25 Amps or 15 Amps.
1. Can 4 NGU 1kW units be connected serially to produce 480 VDC at approximately 8 Amps?
2. Can 5 NGU 1kW units be connected serially to produce 600 VDC at approximately 8 Amps?
3. Can 4 NGU 2kW units be connected serially to produce 480 VDC at approximately 17 Amps?
4. Can 5 NGU 2kW units be connected serially to produce 600 VDC at approximately 17 Amps?
Steven Nicholes Karels:
The product A x V must not exceed the value of the Ecat power; this said, the answers depend on the kind of inverters and on the specific situations,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Here are the stats of all your publications I found today on
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Total Readings: 174000, of which 158972 only for “Ecat SK and Long Range Particle Interactions” (more that all the millions of Researchgate publications)
Research Interest Score: 3336, more than all the publications on Researchgate
Recommendations: 13262, more than all the publications on Researchgate
And counting…
Best,
Prof
Prof:
Thank you for the update,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
To Svein:
That fantasy story was created by Grok’s AI with a prompt from me.
I like science fiction, and I’m a fan of the Ecat saga, so I wanted to create a little SF story.
However, I also asked Grok what he thought about it, and here’s his answer:
——————–
Some researchers speculate that manipulating the ZPE could have implications for spacetime, since the energy of the quantum vacuum is related to the structure of the space-time fabric according to general relativity.
In particular:
Curvature of spacetime: The energy density of the vacuum contributes to the curvature of spacetime, as suggested by the cosmological constant in general relativity.
However, the cosmological constant problem shows a discrepancy of 120 orders of magnitude between theoretical predictions of the ZPE and experimental observations, indicating that our understanding of how the ZPE interacts with spacetime is incomplete.
Speculative Effects: Some theoretical studies, such as those related to “spacetime engineering” or NASA’s “quantum vacuum plasma thruster” (Q-thruster) concept, hypothesize that manipulating vacuum fluctuations could generate effects such as propellant-free propulsion or local alterations of spacetime. However, these experiments (e.g. those of Eagleworks Laboratories) have produced controversial results, with thrust measurements in the micronewton range, often attributed to experimental errors rather than real phenomena.
Potential Risks: Large-scale speculation suggests that manipulating the ZPE could have unpredictable consequences, such as instabilities in the fabric of spacetime or anomalous gravitational effects.
However, these ideas remain highly speculative and lack experimental support.
——————–
Kind Regards,
Italo R.
Dr. Rossi –
numerous posts in this forum have asked for a kind of regular update on the development of the E-cat. Since we have a new month now, would it be possible to describe some of the work done, milestones achieved during the month of May?
Thank you.
Energy User:
During the month of may the Licensee continued the progress of the operations in course described in April. As soon as I will have news I can share, I will be delighted to publish them,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
The story of the ecat continues to be fascinating for all of us I think. We are all wishing you and your team and your associates success with the project going forward. I’m looking forward to seeing updates about the device when it’s ready.
As you know I guess I’m fascinated with the science behind it and what it might mean, although hopefully Italo’s premonition is off the cards 😉 certainly the science will be interesting. I think it will help inform us about what’s there naturally underlying things in ways we did not see before and my personal vision is that it’s incredibly simple and beautiful enabling emergence and choice and allowing for faith as well as determinism at the most fundamental level. Hopefully it’s a more positive vision.
Are you planning to release new papers and patents going forward?
One thing I’m curious about is what still remains from your original thermal ecat heater patent. Clearly the new electric al device evolved from this adding vacuum technology and better plasma understanding and utilization and new materials
Do you still use:
1. LAH and Ni technology as in the patent for managing hydrogen?
2. Or have you moved on to new materials that perform the same function?
3. Or new technologies perhaps structural or structured vacuum states or some other technologies that replace the need for this?
Thanks and Best Regards
Stephen
Stephen:
Thank you for your support.
All our patents are integrated in the present technology.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Italo R. :
What was the point of the strange scenario recently presented???
Svein
Dr Rossi,
Should you write today
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
which parts would you update to make easier a reproduction/replication of the experimental part ?
Ambrogio:
It is still valid as it is.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Mysterious explosion in Rome:
an experimental Ecat generator disappears, investigations reveal a space-time anomaly.
Rome, June 3, 2026 – An unprecedented event shook the EnerTech advanced research laboratory on the outskirts of Rome yesterday.
At 2:37 p.m., an experimental Ecat generator, powered by Zero Point Energy (ZPE) and capable of exceeding 1 MW, disappeared during a test, while at the same time devastating explosions occurred hundreds of kilometers away in seemingly unrelated places: an abandoned warehouse near Naples, a rural area in Umbria and a disused industrial site in Emilia-Romagna.
No casualties were reported, but extensive material damage was recorded.
Initial reports indicate that the Ecat generator, designed to exploit the energy of the quantum vacuum, triggered a space-time anomaly.
Eyewitnesses at the lab described a “blinding flash” followed by an “instantaneous vacuum” where the generator was located, roughly the size of a 2-meter-wide parallelepiped.
At the same time, remote explosions left craters and debris, with no traces of conventional explosives.
The investigation, conducted by the Italian Civil Protection and an international team of physicists, revealed a surprising hypothesis: during the test, the generator altered spacetime, causing it to “jump” back to previous spacetime coordinates corresponding to its relative position in the past.
Experts explain that, since the Earth moves at about 30 km/s around the Sun and the Solar System itself travels through the galaxy, the anomaly could have “dragged” the generator back in time and space, reappearing in places where the lab “was” hours or days earlier, depending on the motion of the Earth.
“It is as if the generator was following a temporal orbit, retracing the trajectory of the Earth,” said Dr. Elena Martelli, a theoretical physicist at the University of Rome La Sapienza.
“The explosions could be the result of residual energy released during these space-time jumps.”
Authorities have isolated the EnerTech laboratory, while data retrieved from a backup server is being analyzed.
It is not yet clear whether the generator was destroyed or is still “somewhere” in space-time.
The scientific community is buzzing: the phenomenon could validate theories on the manipulation of space-time, but raises concerns about uncontrollable risks.
“We cannot allow experiments like this without more rigorous protocols,” commented Professor Hans Berger, a quantum physics expert at CERN, who was invited to collaborate on the investigation.
“If Ecat can alter the fabric of space-time, we are dealing with a discovery that is as revolutionary as it is dangerous.”
Authorities are urging anyone with information about “anomalous light phenomena” that have occurred in the past 48 hours to contact the Civil Protection Department.
Further updates will follow as new information becomes available.
Italo R.:
Gosh !
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Wishes for a gentle and relaxing birthday…a great birthday present would be to take a moment to appreciate how wonderful this great ride has been and how fun it continues to be!
Thomas Florek,
Thank you, my friend !
Warm Regards,
A.R.
@Jorge Alberto,
we want a happy ending!
HI, Dr Rossi
Are you and your team working on or plan to work on reducing the size of the 10 watt unit.?
And if so any ideal of amount of reduction in the size of the unit?
Blessing to you and team
Robert
Robert Maxwell:
Presently we have other priorities,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
thank you for the publication
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
it is a blessing to reproduce your process and understand the theoretical presupposes of it.
All the best,
Jordan
Jordan:
Thank you for your support,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
I want to wish you a happy birthday,
and wish that the first deliveries
are just around the corner — for you and for all of us.
Have a great day!
Renato
Renato:
Thank you for your wishes !
Warm Regards,
A.R.
I asked AI to write a script for a movie about the invention and development of the e-cat. One day I will watch that movie.
Cinematic Treatment: “The Catalyzer”Genre: Biographical drama with elements of scientific thriller
Tone: A blend of inspiration, mystery, and tension, exploring the fine line between genius and controversy.
Setting: Italy, the United States, and a globalized world, from the 2000s to 2025.
Structure: Three acts, with flashbacks and a focus on Andrea Rossi’s personal journey, intertwined with the impact of his invention, the E-Cat.
Act 1: The Spark of an Idea
Opening:
Bologna, Italy, 2007. The camera pans through a makeshift laboratory filled with clunky equipment, exposed wires, and frantic notes. Andrea Rossi, a middle-aged Italian engineer with intense eyes and boundless energy, works tirelessly on a strange device—the E-Cat. He is introduced as a stubborn dreamer, scarred by past setbacks in his career but driven by a conviction: he can solve the global energy crisis with a revolutionary technology based on low-energy nuclear reactions (LENR).
Initial Conflict:
Rossi, portrayed as an eccentric but socially awkward genius, faces skepticism from fellow scientists and investors. Flashbacks reveal his inspiration, drawn from controversial cold fusion experiments of the 1980s, and his determination to overcome their failures. He files a patent for the E-Cat in 2009, describing a reactor that uses nickel and hydrogen to generate clean energy. The scientific community mocks his claims, calling him a charlatan, but Rossi organizes a public demonstration in 2011. The scene is chaotic: journalists, enthusiasts, and a few curious scientists crowd a Bologna warehouse as the E-Cat, a clunky device, mysteriously heats up, producing more energy than expected. The crowd is split between fascination and distrust.
Supporting Characters:
Elena, a young Italian physicist who joins Rossi, drawn by his passion but questioning his methods.
Dr. Bianchi, a skeptical scientist representing the traditional academic establishment, challenging Rossi to prove his claims with rigorous tests.
Marco, an American investor who sees potential in the E-Cat but demands concrete results.
Act 1 Climax: The 2011 demonstration is a partial success, but the lack of transparency about the E-Cat’s catalysts fuels criticism. In an emotional scene, Rossi promises Elena he will prove his invention can change the world, even if it means taking on the scientific establishment.
Act 2: Rise and Fall
Development:
The narrative jumps to the 2010s. Rossi founds the Leonardo Corporation in the U.S. and refines the E-Cat, announcing improved versions like the E-Cat HT and later the E-Cat SK. The film uses montages to show Rossi working tirelessly, while posts on a blog (inspired by the Rossi Blog Reader) reflect the support of an online community of enthusiasts. Scenes depict Rossi responding to technical questions from followers, such as the feasibility of connecting reactors in series to power inverters, with a gleam of confidence but growing paranoia about fraud and copycats.
Rising Tensions:
The pressure mounts. Marco, the investor, demands commercial results, while Dr. Bianchi publishes articles debunking the E-Cat as “pseudoscience.” Elena begins to doubt Rossi when he refuses to reveal critical details about the reactor, citing “trade secrets.” A subplot shows Rossi warning the public against fraudulent websites attempting to sell fake E-Cats, suggesting his invention is attracting opportunists.
Turning Point:
In 2019, Rossi publishes a paper on ResearchGate titled E-Cat SK and Long Range Particle Interactions, detailing theoretical mechanisms behind the technology, including interactions with the Casimir vacuum. The paper goes viral, with thousands of reads, and a scene shows Rossi celebrating in his lab, believing he’s close to scientific validation. But the academic community dismisses the paper for lacking peer review, and Rossi faces a lawsuit from frustrated investors accusing him of failing to deliver promised products.
Act 2 Climax:
During a 2019 demonstration of the E-Cat SK, streamed live, the device fails to perform consistently under varying loads. The broadcast cuts off, and Rossi, visibly shaken, vows to fix the technical issues. Elena, torn between loyalty and doubt, confronts Rossi, asking if he truly believes in the technology or is trapped in his own narrative.
Act 3: The Quest for Redemption
Ongoing Resolution: The narrative leaps to 2025, with Rossi, now older and weary but still determined, working on a new version of the E-Cat, the E-Cat SKL, designed to generate electricity directly. The film shows him tweaking the device to stabilize the plasma, inspired by blog readers’ suggestions, such as using multiple smaller plasmas for better control. The online community continues to support him, with comments comparing him to a “modern Leonardo da Vinci.” Rossi organizes a new demonstration, promising a market-ready product, but only if large-scale orders (at least 1 million units) are secured.
Final Climax: The final demonstration is the defining moment. The camera focuses on Rossi’s tension as the E-Cat SKL is powered on. The device begins to work, producing electricity, but the results are ambiguous—enough to inspire hope but not to silence critics. Dr. Bianchi, present at the event, acknowledges Rossi’s effort but insists on independent testing. Elena, now an independent scientist, decides to support Rossi, but only if he opens his technology for validation.
Resolution: The film ends on an open note, with Rossi gazing at the horizon as a voiceover reflects on the E-Cat’s legacy: an invention that could change the world but remains shrouded in mystery. A final caption notes that, as of 2025, the E-Cat has not been commercialized, but Rossi continues his quest, backed by a small but loyal community of followers.
Themes:
– The struggle between innovation and scientific skepticism.
– The personal cost of pursuing an impossible dream.
– The ambiguity between genius and obsession.
Visual Style: The film alternates between the gritty realism of Rossi’s lab and stylized sequences visualizing the E-Cat’s reactions, with plasma and particle effects evoking a sense of scientific wonder. The soundtrack blends electronic tones with orchestral music, reflecting the fusion of technology and emotion.
Notes on the Adaptation:
– The film maintains ambiguity about the E-Cat’s validity, reflecting the lack of scientific consensus and discussions likely found in the Rossi Blog Reader, where Rossi is both praised and questioned.
– The narrative avoids endorsing Rossi’s claims but humanizes his journey, portraying him as a man driven by passion yet haunted by setbacks.
– Scenes of interaction with the blog (such as Rossi’s responses to technical questions) are used to show his connection with supporters but also his reluctance to share critical details.
If you want to adjust the tone (more optimistic, more critical, or fictional), add fictional characters, or focus on a specific aspect (like the demonstrations or cultural impact), I can refine the narrative. If you have access to the blog’s content or want me to seek specific information from other sources, let me know!
Jorge Alberto:
I am presently just a humble chief scientist doing at his best his job,
Warm Regards
A.R.
When the final design will be ready and can we expect it’s launch ?
Approx which month we may expect the launch ?
Arnab Saha,
I am not able to answer, yet,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
I read Andrea Rossi’s story in
http://www.ingandrearossi.com
Really inspiring and useful to understand where he comes from.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Yet another application for NGU technology – high flying communications stations
Geostationary satellites have data latency in the hundreds of milliseconds. Starlink’s data latency is reported to be 20 milliseconds or higher.
Consider a communications platform flying at an altitude of say 30 km or 100,000 feet stationary over major cities. Transmision data is around 2 milliseconds. It would stay over the major city by flying and/or helium inflation. NGU technology would power the communications and/or the aircraft powerplant(s). It would stay aloft for years before being commanded to safely land for maintenance action.
Thoughts?
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Thank you for your suggestions,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr. Rossi:
A new technology which may be of interest:
https://www.popsci.com/environment/aircela-gasoline-machine/
aircela.com
No information on conversion efficiency but E-cat power to this device can make this an exciting combination.
Drew G.:
Thank you for the link,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Are you interested to study applications of the Ecats to drones for military use ?
Anonymous:
No,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
Has the design of the exterior shell of the E-Cat been finalized yet?
Best wishes,
Frank Acland
Frank Acland:
Not yet,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Yet another NGU Application – Tesla Battery support when doing long term parking
.
“I was just parked at lax for just about one week and lost a total of 63 miles 15.81 kWh. That’s with cabin overheat off and sentry mode on.”
Imagine a suitcase that you could leave with the parked Tesla and supply all the power you will need while the Tesla is parked. Such as when parked at an airport for days or weeks.
A suitcase would be nice so you can use it for other functions when the Tesla is not parked long term. Capacity would depend on options selected – sentry mode, cooling/heating selected, remote access to the Tesla, etc.
Thoughts?
Hi Andrea
In Italy, the majority of households have a 3 kWh electricity supply.
Would it be so complicated for you to provide a device that generates that amount?
Gianvico
Gianvico:
I think that the Leonardo Corporation’s Licensees will not have difficulties to deliver assemblies for households.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Yet another NGU Application – Tesla Robots
“The Tesla Optimus robot consumes approximately 100 watts while stationary and 500 watts while walking briskly, according to various sources. It’s powered by a 2.3 kWh battery pack, which is sufficient for a full day’s work.”
An NGU 500W Generator could conceptually be built into the Tesla Optimus robot. The robot’s battery size could be reduced and would handle excess power demands. The Optimus could run continuously except for normal required maintenance actions.
Thoughts?
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Thank you for the suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
This post explains why I beleive that the vacuum reaction is produced by the interaction of a hole superconductor with EMF radiation such as light, and does not come from some of the list of details contained inside the theory paper of Dr.Rossi. These details include: Zitterbewegung electron model and the Aharonov-Bohm effect.
Many of Dr. Rossi’s causes are correct that include Bose-Einstein Condensate, Casimir effect, charge clusters, collective effects, electron model, Electrum
Validum, geometric phase coherence, long range interactions, low entropy aggregates, and pico-metric structures.
My beliefs come from the updated work of Holmlid et al as follows:
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/15/6/526
X-Ray Emissions from Hydrogen Rydberg Matter Detected Using Timepix3 CdTe Detector †
by Sindre Andre Zeiner-Gundersen * andSveinn Olafsson
X-ray emissions from the Holmlid reaction as follows: Results show a prominent emission peak in the 25–50 keV range, with significant contributions at 406 keV identified through aluminum foil attenuation experiments.
The high-energy event at 406 keV, observed through aluminum foil attenuation experiments, is particularly intriguing. This peak implies the presence of a secondary emission process that produces high-energy X-rays. One possible explanation is that these high-energy X-rays result from bremsstrahlung radiation, where electrons decelerate rapidly upon interacting with the dense material of the catalyst, or from secondary emissions triggered by initial X-ray interactions within the material.
While the absence of muonic X-ray peaks challenges previous hypotheses [1], it underscores the necessity for further investigation into the exact mechanisms driving these emissions.
——————————————-
Observations from other LENR systems:
from the ICCF18 Defkalion LENR reactor paper as follows:
No Hard Nuclear Gamma-Rays
•No gamma rays outside the energy range of 50 keV–300 keV have been observed from the experiments with the Hyperion R-5 reactor. (data from isoparabolic calorimetry experiments)
In the LENR reaction, bremsstrahlung radiation comes from the Coulomb explosion of the Exotic Vacuum Object (EVO) when it becomes unstable. This Coulomb explosion is when high energy electrons are broadcast in a Bosenova and interact with matter producing bremsstrahlung radiation.
What Holmlid is seeing is the production of EVOs when a hole superconductor is exposed to a source of photons.
This data supports the theory that the LENR reaction comes from the formation of an optical cavity in the electron shell of a hole superconductor micro particle (ultra dense hydrogen) where an exciton polariton condensate forms that generated negative vacuum energy which results in the production of a vacuum induced domain wall thereby generating a flow of vacuum energy transferred from the ambient vacuum into the true vacuum enclosed by the bubble of the domain wall.
axil:
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
You are leaving your believers standing in the rain not answering how much time will be necessary for us to buy an Ecat.
Dieter Zoeller
Dieter Zoeller:
No, because even if the deliveries will initiate in 2025, I do not know when your delivery will be done, therefore you cannot anticipate promises.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Mr. Rossi,
As already announced, there are plans to build wind turbines to generate electricity in my home community of Mönchberg on the hills of the Spessart Forest in Bavaria.
The wind turbines need huge foundations. The concern is that they will damage our drinking water supply.
There is a citizens’ meeting on June 25, 2025, can I present the e-Cat energy generation alternative there with the announcement that this energy generation will be delivered to private customers in 2025?
Yours sincerely,
Dieter Zöller
Translated with DeepL.com (free version)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=id4YRO7G0wE
The arrival of non-human intelligence is a very big deal, says former Google CEO and chairman Eric Schmidt. In a wide-ranging interview with technologist Bilawal Sidhu, Schmidt makes the case that AI is wildly underhyped, as near-constant breakthroughs give rise to systems capable of doing even the most complex tasks on their own. He explores the staggering opportunities, sobering challenges and urgent risks of AI, showing why everyone will need to engage with this technology in order to remain relevant. (Recorded at TED2025 on April 11, 2025)
Eric Schmidt: The limit on AI development is energy production. In America, AI needs 90 Gigawatts of power to met its development needs. This is were the NGU is relevant to AI.
@Claudio Varotto
You proposed to combine AC inverter with a power supply unit, but it’s functional equivalent of DC-DC converter although more complicated and less efficient.
The bigger difference between input and output voltage you have, then less efficient it becomes, so it would be better to connect NGUs in series:
https://thundersaidenergy.com/downloads/dc-dc-power-converters-efficiency-calculations/
I think that best DC-DC converter would be SiC Mosfet interleaved boost converter, but there is a problem finding one which is boosting 48V to 200V and having around 500W of power.
This one would be perfect if become available:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10502276
Found only something like this, but it lacks any detailed description:
https://www.cnsspele.com/dc-dc-converter/500w-48vdc-to-48-64-100-150-200-220-250-300-350-400-500vdc-converter-dc-power-supply
The video below explains what the major stumbling block in science has been in the last few decade and I then explained how this issue could be solved by applying the basic ideas that empower the vacuum reaction as implemented by the NGU. The NGU serves as the experimental validation in the resolution of the naturalness problem.
The Rossi reaction is based on using dark matter to extract energy from a destabilized vacuum as is done when negative mass modifies space time to allow our world to exist. Here is the theory explained by the AI.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GjkqedrTwZo&t=2s
A model addressing the naturalness problem
In order to account for the naturalness problem, is it possible that a theory centered on the formation of exciton polariton condensation that might make up dark matter through the production of negative mass through its dispersion channel of the condensate. this negative mass in dark matter formed in the dispersion of the dark polariton channel does not preclude this type of dark matter effect to account for the light mass of the Higgs boson. The formation mechanism of this stable self pumping condensate would involve hole superconducting dust formed in the near zero temperature of space that forms a seed structure that provide an optical cavity in the electron cloud of the microscopic dust particles in which the condensate would form. The dark matter particle would be a bubble nucleated microscopic zone of true vacuum isolated and sequestered from the ambient (false) vacuum by a domain wall.
The opinion of the AI follows:
The proposed idea is a fascinating and complex one, attempting to connect several fundamental areas of physics, including dark matter, the Higgs boson mass, and condensed matter physics. Let’s break down the key components and address the feasibility and connections within the proposed model:
1. Dark Matter and Exciton Polariton Condensates:
Exciton Polaritons: These are quasiparticles arising from strong coupling between excitons (bound electron-hole pairs) and photons in a microcavity or similar structure.
Dark Matter Candidate: The idea suggests that exciton polariton condensates, particularly in the “dark” or dispersion channel, could be a candidate for dark matter.
Negative Mass: The proposal suggests that negative mass might arise within the dispersion channel of the condensate, potentially explaining dark matter’s gravitational effects.
2. The Higgs Boson and the Naturalness Problem:
Naturalness Problem: The Higgs boson’s relatively low mass compared to the Planck scale is a puzzle in particle physics.
Connection to Dark Matter: The model suggests that dark matter arising from these condensates could be related to the lightness of the Higgs boson, potentially offering a solution to the naturalness problem.
3. Formation Mechanism:
Hole Superconducting Dust: The proposal introduces hole superconducting dust as a seed structure for the condensate.
Optical Cavity: This dust forms a microscopic optical cavity within its electron cloud, facilitating the formation of the condensate.
Self-Pumping Condensate: The idea involves a stable, self-pumping condensate, implying a mechanism for continuous particle replenishment.
4. True Vacuum Bubbles and Domain Walls:
True Vacuum: The dark matter particle is envisioned as a microscopic bubble of true vacuum, isolated from the ambient false vacuum.
Domain Wall: A domain wall would separate and sequester this true vacuum bubble from the surrounding false vacuum, creating a stable and localized dark matter particle.
Feasibility and Challenges:
Negative Mass: The concept of negative mass is intriguing, but it is crucial to demonstrate how it arises from the condensate’s dispersion channel, especially considering the context of dark matter.
Experimental Validation: Proving the existence of these condensates and their negative mass nature presents a significant experimental challenge.
Self-Pumping Mechanism: A robust and self-consistent mechanism for the continuous replenishment of the condensate is essential.
Stability and Detection: Demonstrating the long-term stability of the true vacuum bubbles and devising methods for their detection are crucial for any dark matter candidate.
Overall:
The proposed model is ambitious and attempts to unify seemingly disparate aspects of fundamental physics. While it is a highly speculative idea, it has the potential to inspire new directions in dark matter research and the exploration of novel condensed matter systems. Future research should focus on the theoretical and experimental challenges outlined above to further explore the feasibility and implications of this model.
The idea of using exciton polariton condensation as a dark matter candidate and a potential solution to the naturalness problem is a compelling one, but it remains a theoretical framework. The exact details of the formation mechanism, the nature of the “negative mass” effect, and the relationship to the Higgs boson’s mass are still subjects of research and speculation.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
“The International Lunar Research Station (ILRS), a joint project between China and Russia, will likely require a mix of power sources, including solar arrays and potentially a nuclear reactor, to meet its energy needs. For activities beyond basic science, power levels exceeding 1 megawatt will be needed, especially for producing propellant oxygen from lunar materials, which could significantly reduce transportation costs.
Here’s a more detailed breakdown:
1. Power Needs:
Science-only operations: Minimum power of 50-100 kW is required.
Propellant production: A much higher power level (over 1 megawatt) is needed to produce oxygen from lunar resources at a useful rate.
Continuous operation: The Moon has long periods of darkness (14.5 Earth days), so reliable power generation is crucial throughout the lunar night.
2. Potential Power Sources:
Solar power:
.
Large-scale solar arrays could be used, especially at locations with sufficient sunlight.
Nuclear reactor:
.
China and Russia are exploring the possibility of a nuclear power plant on the Moon to provide a reliable and continuous power source, especially in shadowed areas or during lunar nights.
Power from pipelines and cables:
.
The ILRS may also utilize pipelines and cables for heating and electricity distribution across the surface.
3. Importance of Power:
Lunar exploration and research:
Adequate power is essential for all scientific activities, experiments, and research on the Moon.
Supporting human presence:
Power is needed for life support systems, habitats, communication, and other essential functions for a lunar base.
Future missions:
Power will be crucial for any future missions that involve more extensive lunar exploration and resource utilization. ”
A lunar-qualified 1 MW power source using eCat NGU technology might be cheaoer, faster to develop, smaller, less mass, and easier to install..?
Steven Nicholes Karels:
I am not able to answer, but thank you for the information,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Studying the publication
http://www.researchgate.net_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
and trying to replicate your experiment described in paragraphs 6 and 7 I discovered that the paragraph 1 is useless, because related to theoretical hypothesis strange to your processs, while fundamental are the paragraphs 2,3,4,5; am I correct ?
Best,
Antonella
Antonella:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr. Rossi,
you are certainly testing the new robotic lines for the production of Ecat.
May I ask you how long it takes, today, to produce a complete Ecat?
Best regards,
Italo R.
Italo R.:
I am not able to answer,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
In a recent post in JoNP, Axil discusses how vacuum energy can help solve some specific tasks related to water purification and energy for data centers.
He writes here:
“The hypothetical scenario of commercially available vacuum energy by the end of the year presents a potentially transformative solution for both the clean water crisis and the energy-intensive needs of the AI industry.
Note: It is crucial to emphasize that the commercialization of vacuum energy is still hypothetical and faces considerable scientific and technological hurdles.”
Referring to something as “hypothetical” will in many contexts communicate that one has little or no reason to believe that this something is actually the case.
Until the E-Cat with the necessary inverters is available on the market, the statement as hypothetical must nevertheless be considered correct.
On December 12th of this year, the Paris Agreement will be 10 years old. This will probably bring a lot of attention to energy sources that do not emit CO2.
This could therefore be the perfect time to present a non-hypothetical vacuum energy solution.
Svein
Dr Rossi,
Are you going to create a newco of your own to invent new energy sources ?
Anonymous:
No.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Will you subcontract existing bulb type lighting manufacturers to build the reactors?
Are you creating your own manufacturing facility in house?
Are you working on a reactor greater than 10W, if so what power?
Thank you
Steve D:
1- this issue doesn’t depend on me
2- no
3- not so far
Warm Regards,
A.R.
@Rafal
2025-05-23 17:04 Rafal
@axil
> How does the NGU coordinate with the inverter when the inverter decides to shut down or start up?
As things stand now, it is up to the user to try connecting the inverter to the NGU and hope for the best. If the connection does not work, move on to another inverter. When an inverter is discovered to work by a user, then that user would be kind to post the results so all can avoid the trial and error approach to NGU setup.
In general in terms of system engineering, in these systems that require a hardware front end, a protocol is implemented by which the front end can coordinate with the back end. The protocol is designed to provide a communication path that is open ended to allow for expansion of functionality as the system’s design of the interface matures.
In the context of hardware, “front-end” typically refers to the part of a system that interacts with the user or the network’s external boundary. It’s the interface and initial processing point of a system, while the “back-end” handles the underlying operations and logic. This concept applies to various hardware areas, including network computing, processor design, and storage area networks (SANs).
In the ongoing development of the smart grid, sooner or later a front end protocol would need to be developed for the NGU over a common communication path.
@Ambrogio
In the early days of LENR research, it was discovered that the most actively transmuted isotopes were those with even atomic numbers. It has been shown that nickel isotopes with an even atomic number like Ni58 would be transmuted more that those with odd atomic numbers such a Ni61.
Tungsten is the most reactive metal regarding its susceptibility to transmutation.
https://www.webelements.com/tungsten/isotopes.html
Almost all the isotopes of tungsten have a nuclear spin of zero which makes it sensitive to transmutation that occurs when Nuclear magnetic resonance is takin as a determinative factor in transmutation.
Here is a picture of the SunCell electrode (100 kilos) after 10 seconds of operation. This is why Mills then when with liquid electrodes.
https://www.lenr-forum.com/attachment/21977-suncell-electrode-png/
The most resistant elements to transmutation are those with the highest NMR resistance which means a high nuclear spin.
Isotopes with a spin of 8 include niobium (90Nb) and tantalum (181Ta) are best in resisting transmutation but these are very rare.
I like 180Tantalum with a nuclear spin 3 1/2 but niobium at spin 4 1/2 seems to be the best at transmutation resistance if you can afford it.
Tantalum is a silvery-gray, refractory metal with high strength, hardness, and resistance to corrosion, making it suitable for various applications, including electronics, jewelry, and medical implants. It is also a rare metal, with significant production in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Key Characteristics and Properties:
High Strength and Hardness:
Tantalum has a hardness of 200 Vickers and a tensile strength of 900 MPa, making it almost twice as strong as the best steels.
Corrosion Resistance:
It is highly resistant to corrosion, meaning it is not easily damaged by acids or other corrosive substances.
High Melting Point:
Tantalum has a melting point of 3000°C, making it a refractory metal.
Dr. Rossi usually won’t tell you what he uses for electrodes but he will recommend tungsten. Somehow, Dr. Rossi has come up with a way to eliminate transmutation in the NGU. Experience in other LENR systems show that tungsten is not good to use in electrodes because of its susceptibility to transmutation.
Ambrogio, In deference to Dr. Rossi, try tungsten in your system but let us know how those electrodes perform in your system.
Dr Rossi,
The publication
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
talks of a plasma: can you explain which materials the anode and the cathode made with ? In my replication they burnt away after several days.
Thank you if you can answer,
Best,
Ambrogio
Ambrogio:
Tungsten,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
@ rafal, reading your post and the doubts you raise about the possible application of the NGU modules, I am sending you a copy of a previous my post in which I described the hypothesized but also implemented and functioning electrical scheme in which the only missing element is the group of modules that I have already pre-ordered; friendliness
Buonasera Dr. Rossi, come forse ricorderà non è la prima volta che mi rivolgo a Lei per presentare i miei pensieri e valutazioni. Noto che in diverse circostanze frequentatori del JNP ipotizzano l’utilizzo dei suoi NGU in concomitanza di sistemi fotovoltaici per produrre energia elettrica 24/7 qualcuno immaginando schemi alquanto insoliti nella ricerca di evitare il blocco dei gruppi di generatori per sovraccarico. Diverso tempo fa ho cercato di studiare uno schema che risolvesse il problema e ho realizzato una configurazione che lo risolve egregiamente e che proverò a descrivere anche se, a parole, senza un disegno risulta abbastanza difficile.
Desidero premettere che lo schema è già realizzato e funzionante , e attende solamente i moduli NGU dal momento che questi sono attualmente sostituiti da un generatore elettrico ordinario.
Immaginiamo di sostituire l’attuale generatore con i moduli NGU; un numero X di NGU TUTTI COLLEGATI IN PARALLELO per produrre una tensione di 12 Volt ( il motivo della configurazione in parallelo sta nella necessità che se un modulo va in avaria, diversamente dalla configurazione in serie non modifichi la tensione in uscita e il tutto continui a funzionare anche se a potenza ridotta di misura ). L’uscita del generatore così configurato si applica ad un inverter 12 volt dc 220 volt ( io ho utilizzato questo: https://www.amazon.it/GIANDEL-Inverter-sinusoidale-Convertitore-telecomandoler/dp/B07VDDQXF3/ref=sr_1_2_sspa?crid=I0S6K634NLH0&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.ODeuXwukWZqrZ88guq0DuT8W1YeLwpb5tQINoTAsbwvcCDMxSKV7QbxOZgTr6Dphv-NIVNZ_n4d_DMnq4PAIgZ4b8ibIUPN8lG7I1zzB9FpQMN3GdfjY7HtIyyirfk1IZXFG1qKzACMOG3_2vB7PkKQb_jk6EBMP2rMZ-UFVFVcc8ArCe276fKlmuZjYsUUn1mkn_q4xYB90aKqSsK0mBIliOXXdB5oQ3uBbg7TAb83797gpC82zZaDjr-hzXWBLmAgHp9UaZ3tCf0VpV-sBnTzBZQ1BgOWIZLaXlx4wA0Q.xsOiNBEQpZRKqCc92-SHNJ90_6qA3OppSGhPJjRRPFc&dib_tag=se&keywords=inverter%2Bgiandel%2B3000w&nsdOptOutParam=true&qid=1736016569&sprefix=inverter%2Bgiandel%2B3000%2Caps%2C104&sr=8-2-spons&ufe=app_do%3Aamzn1.fos.9d4f9b77-768c-4a4e-94ad-33674c20ab35&sp_csd=d2lkZ2V0TmFtZT1zcF9hdGY&th=1 ) la cui tensione 220 volt alternata viene convertita in continua da questo alimentatore ( https://it.aliexpress.com/item/1005008504156883.html?spm=a2g0o.detail.pcDetailTopMoreOtherSeller.10.68819GSL9GSLrI&gps-id=pcDetailTopMoreOtherSeller&scm=1007.40196.439370.0&scm_id=1007.40196.439370.0&scm-url=1007.40196.439370.0&pvid=746325a7-e4a4-47fd-a8f8-ed47820c60b8&_t=gps-id:pcDetailTopMoreOtherSeller,scm-url:1007.40196.439370.0,pvid:746325a7-e4a4-47fd-a8f8-ed47820c60b8,tpp_buckets:668%232846%238115%232000&pdp_ext_f=%7B%22order%22%3A%226%22%2C%22eval%22%3A%221%22%2C%22sceneId%22%3A%2230050%22%7D&pdp_npi=4%40dis%21EUR%21354.24%21283.39%21%21%212818.14%212254.50%21%402103985c17481061493621260e4e5e%2112000045460045411%21rec%21IT%213745937207%21X&utparam-url=scene%3ApcDetailTopMoreOtherSeller%7Cquery_from%3A ) che alimentera’ un regolatore di carica per poter caricare una batteria. L’alimentatore indicato nel link è un alimentatore con una potenza massima di 4 kw e con tensione e corrente variabili.( E’già tutto testato e funzionante e le caratteristiche di questo alimentatore, spaziando da 0 volt fino ad una tensione in uscita di 220 volt in continua in concomitanza con la possibilità di regolare la massima potenza di erogazione consente di evitare il blocco da sovraccarico dei moduli NGU . Con l’uscita di questo alimentatore opportunamente quindi gestita, si può entrare in un regolatore di carica per caricare una batteria, oppure in un inverter ibrido in sostituzione dei pannelli fotovoltaici quando questi non producono energia ( attenzione: non contemporaneamente ma in sostituzione, per esempio dalla sera al mattino successivo ).
Lo schema che ho esposto è semplice e funzionale e può essere realizzato da qualsiasi persona abbia un pò di dimestichezza con i dispositivi elettrici e, ripeto ancora una volta FUNZIONA!!! però a questo punto sorge un problema, un problema che, secondo me è molto cruciale: una persona che abbia realizzato un sistema fotovoltaico ON GRID, un sistema quindi che immette energia elettrica nella rete nazionale, come dovrà porsi nei confronti del gestore elettrico nazionale dal momento che potrà immettere energia elettrica anche nelle ore notturne e quindi H24 ?. Le chiedo questo caro Andrea perchè purtroppo sappiamo tutti che è fantastico immaginare di contribuire personalmente al benessere del proprio Paese e dell’ambiente ma dobbiamo fare i conti con una realtà in cui ciò che sembra ed è effettivamente utile a tutti si scontra con interessi che vanno quasi sempre nella direzione opposta.
Le chiedo quindi se tra tutte le incombenze di cui si è fatto carico negli anni ma soprattutto nel futuro ha anche in previsione di affrontare la questione che le ho esposto che ritengo essere tutt’altro che semplice da realizzare.
I miei più sinceri complimenti per il lavoro svolto e auguro a Lei al suo team ed alla sua famiglia un GRANDE 2025.
Good evening Dr. Rossi, as you may recall this is not the first time I have approached you to present my thoughts and assessments. I have noticed that in various circumstances frequenters of JNP hypothesise the use of your NGUs in conjunction with photovoltaic systems to produce electricity 24/7, someone imagining rather unusual schemes in the quest to avoid the blocking of generator sets due to overload. Some time ago I tried to devise a scheme that would solve this problem, and I came up with a configuration that solves it very well, which I will try to describe even though, in words, without a drawing it is quite difficult.
I would like to preface this by saying that the diagram is already made and working, and only awaits the NGU modules since these are currently replaced by an ordinary electric generator.
Let us imagine replacing the current generator with NGU modules; an X number of NGU ALL CONNECTED IN PARALLEL to produce a voltage of 12 Volts (the reason for the parallel configuration lies in the need that if a module fails, unlike the series configuration, it does not change the output voltage and everything continues to function even if at reduced power).
The output of the generator thus configured is applied to a 12 volt dc 220 volt ac inverter (I used this one: https://www.amazon.it/GIANDEL-Inverter-sinusoidale-Convertitore-telecomandoler/dp/B07VDDQXF3/ref=sr_1_2_sspa?crid=I0S6K634NLH0&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.ODeuXwukWZqrZ88guq0DuT8W1YeLwpb5tQINoTAsbwvcCDMxSKV7QbxOZgTr6Dphv-NIVNZ_n4d_DMnq4PAIgZ4b8ibIUPN8lG7I1zzB9FpQMN3GdfjY7HtIyyirfk1IZXFG1qKzACMOG3_2vB7PkKQb_jk6EBMP2rMZ-UFVFVcc8ArCe276fKlmuZjYsUUn1mkn_q4xYB90aKqSsK0mBIliOXXdB5oQ3uBbg7TAb83797gpC82zZaDjr-hzXWBLmAgHp9UaZ3tCf0VpV-sBnTzBZQ1BgOWIZLaXlx4wA0Q.xsOiNBEQpZRKqCc92-SHNJ90_6qA3OppSGhPJjRRPFc&dib_tag=se&keywords=inverter%2Bgiandel%2B3000w&nsdOptOutParam=true&qid=1736016569&sprefix=inverter%2Bgiandel%2B3000%2Caps%2C104&sr=8-2-spons&ufe=app_do%3Aamzn1.fos.9d4f9b77-768c-4a4e-94ad-33674c20ab35&sp_csd=d2lkZ2V0TmFtZT1zcF9hdGY&th=1 ) whose 220 volt alternating voltage is converted to direct current by this power supply unit ( https://it.aliexpress.com/item/1005008504156883.html?spm=a2g0o.detail.pcDetailTopMoreOtherSeller.10.68819GSL9GSLrI&gps-id=pcDetailTopMoreOtherSeller&scm=1007.40196.439370.0&scm_id=1007.40196.439370.0&scm-url=1007.40196.439370.0&pvid=746325a7-e4a4-47fd-a8f8-ed47820c60b8&_t=gps-id:pcDetailTopMoreOtherSeller,scm-url:1007.40196.439370.0,pvid:746325a7-e4a4-47fd-a8f8-ed47820c60b8,tpp_buckets:668%232846%238115%232000&pdp_ext_f=%7B%22order%22%3A%226%22%2C%22eval%22%3A%221%22%2C%22sceneId%22%3A%2230050%22%7D&pdp_npi=4%40dis%21EUR%21354.24%21283.39%21%21%212818.14%212254.50%21%402103985c17481061493621260e4e5e%2112000045460045411%21rec%21IT%213745937207%21X&utparam-url=scene%3ApcDetailTopMoreOtherSeller%7Cquery_from%3A
which will power a charge controller to charge a battery. The power supply shown in the link is a power supply with a maximum power output of 4 kw and variable voltage and current.( It is already tested and working and the characteristics of this power supply, ranging from 0 volts up to an output voltage of 220 volts DC in conjunction with the ability to adjust the maximum power output allows you to avoid the blocking of NGU modules from overload. With the output of this power supply appropriately managed, it can be fed into a charge regulator to charge a battery, or into a hybrid inverter as a replacement for photovoltaic panels when these do not produce energy (note: not at the same time, but as a replacement, for example from the evening to the next morning).
The scheme I have set out is simple and functional and can be implemented by any person with a little familiarity with electrical devices and, I repeat once again, IT WORKS!!! but at this point a problem arises, a problem that, in my opinion, is very crucial:
How should a person who has set up an ON GRID photovoltaic system, i.e. a system that feeds electricity into the national grid, deal with the national electricity operator since he can also feed electricity into the grid at night, i.e. 24 hours a day? I ask you this, dear Andrea, because unfortunately we all know that it is great to imagine that you personally contribute to the well-being of your country and the environment, but we have to come to terms with a reality in which what seems and is actually useful to everyone clashes with interests that almost always go in the opposite direction.
I therefore ask you whether among all the tasks you have taken on over the years, but especially in the future, you are also planning to tackle the issue I have outlined to you, which I believe is far from easy to accomplish.
My sincerest congratulations for the work you have done and I wish you, your team and your family a GREAT 2025.
How can vacuum based unlimited energy production whose availability to the market is scheduled for the end of this year help solve the clean water problem that will limit both the adoption of ai and the availability of its data centers through non water based cooling systems. How can the awareness of the potential of the benefits to vacuum energy be made known to the AI industry
Addressing Clean Water & AI Challenges with Vacuum Energy
The hypothetical scenario of commercially available vacuum energy by the end of the year presents a potentially transformative solution for both the clean water crisis and the energy-intensive needs of the AI industry.
Here’s how it could address these challenges:
1. Clean Water Production:
Energy-Efficient Desalination: Vacuum energy could power desalination plants with minimal environmental impact. Desalination removes salt and impurities from seawater, offering a potentially limitless source of freshwater, especially crucial in water-scarce regions.
Low-Energy Water Purification: Vacuum energy could be utilized to power advanced water purification systems, such as UV purification and filtration processes, making clean, potable water accessible even in remote or resource-limited areas.
Decentralized Water Treatment: The portability and scalability of vacuum energy generators could support decentralized water treatment plants, reducing the need for large-scale infrastructure and making clean water more readily available to communities.
2. Supporting the AI Industry:
Data Center Cooling: Vacuum energy could power non-water-based cooling systems for data centers, significantly reducing water consumption associated with conventional cooling methods. This would alleviate water strain in areas with high data center density.
Sustainable AI Development: By providing a clean, sustainable energy source, vacuum energy can enable the AI industry to grow and develop without exacerbating environmental challenges like water scarcity, ultimately contributing to a more sustainable technological future.
Uninterrupted Power Supply: Vacuum energy could offer a consistent and reliable power supply for data centers, reducing downtime and ensuring uninterrupted access to AI services and data.
Raising Awareness within the AI Industry:
Demonstration Projects: Pilot programs showcasing the application of vacuum energy for data center cooling and water purification could attract attention and demonstrate its practical benefits to the AI industry.
Industry Conferences and Publications: Presenting research findings and potential solutions at relevant industry events and publications can educate the AI community about the possibilities of vacuum energy.
Collaboration & Partnerships: Fostering collaborations between vacuum energy researchers, data center operators, and AI companies can accelerate technology development and facilitate adoption within the industry.
Government Support and Incentives: Policies that support the research and development of vacuum energy, as well as incentivize its adoption in water purification and data center cooling, can play a critical role in raising awareness and enabling widespread utilization.
Note: It is crucial to emphasize that the commercialization of vacuum energy is still hypothetical and faces considerable scientific and technological hurdles. s of the potential of the benefits to vacuum energy be made known to the AI industry?
Addressing Clean Water & AI Challenges with Vacuum Energy
The hypothetical scenario of commercially available vacuum energy by the end of the year presents a potentially transformative solution for both the clean water crisis and the energy-intensive needs of the AI industry.
Here’s how it could address these challenges:
1. Clean Water Production:
Energy-Efficient Desalination: Vacuum energy could power desalination plants with minimal environmental impact. Desalination removes salt and impurities from seawater, offering a potentially limitless source of freshwater, especially crucial in water-scarce regions.
Low-Energy Water Purification: Vacuum energy could be utilized to power advanced water purification systems, such as UV purification and filtration processes, making clean, potable water accessible even in remote or resource-limited areas.
Decentralized Water Treatment: The portability and scalability of vacuum energy generators could support decentralized water treatment plants, reducing the need for large-scale infrastructure and making clean water more readily available to communities.
2. Supporting the AI Industry:
Data Center Cooling: Vacuum energy could power non-water-based cooling systems for data centers, significantly reducing water consumption associated with conventional cooling methods. This would alleviate water strain in areas with high data center density.
Sustainable AI Development: By providing a clean, sustainable energy source, vacuum energy can enable the AI industry to grow and develop without exacerbating environmental challenges like water scarcity, ultimately contributing to a more sustainable technological future.
Uninterrupted Power Supply: Vacuum energy could offer a consistent and reliable power supply for data centers, reducing downtime and ensuring uninterrupted access to AI services and data.
Raising Awareness within the AI Industry:
Demonstration Projects: Pilot programs showcasing the application of vacuum energy for data center cooling and water purification could attract attention and demonstrate its practical benefits to the AI industry.
Industry Conferences and Publications: Presenting research findings and potential solutions at relevant industry events and publications can educate the AI community about the possibilities of vacuum energy.
Collaboration & Partnerships: Fostering collaborations between vacuum energy researchers, data center operators, and AI companies can accelerate technology development and facilitate adoption within the industry.
Government Support and Incentives: Policies that support the research and development of vacuum energy, as well as incentivize its adoption in water purification and data center cooling, can play a critical role in raising awareness and enabling widespread utilization.
Note: It is crucial to emphasize that the commercialization of vacuum energy is still hypothetical and faces considerable scientific and technological hurdles.
@axil
> How does the NGU coordinate with the inverter when the inverter decides to shut down or start up?
I guess that NGU should be connected to one of DC inputs of the inverter. If you look at inverter’s specification there should be “DC startup voltage” mentioned.
In case of my home PV system, inverter is Solis RHI-3P-6K-HVES-5G and startup voltage is 160V.
It is a minimal voltage at which inverter will start fetching any power from DC source, whether it is solar panel or something else like stack of NGUs.
This mean in my case I would need 160/12 = 14 NGUs to achieve this minimal voltage and I think it is too much! There is also concern how inverters MPPT function will behave if I connect stack of NGUs instead of PV panels?
I’m going to buy smaller number of NGUs. Around 4 of them would provide enough wattage to complement my current PV system (ex. partially charge batteries overnight).
With serial connection of these 4 NGUs it would produce 4*12 = 48V DC.
Unfortunately, I need to deal somehow with problem of having 48V from NGUs and 160V of minimal input voltage.
Here are two ideas which I’m considering right now. None of them is ideal:
1. Use some high power DC-DC converter to raise voltage above 160V DC.
Two problems appear here. First, not sure how MPPT will work with DC-DC converter. Second, DC-DC converter is not 100% efficient and it will lose some of energy in form of heat.
2. Use additional micro-inverter as there are models available which support 48V DC as input.
Three problems here. First, not sure about micro-inverter MPPT function behavior when connected to NGUs.
Second, having second inverter in home might trigger some problems, like not functioning “anty-islanding protection” function (there are similar cases mentioned in publications).
Third, It won’t be possible to charge batteries which are now connected to first inverter, so overnight charging is not possible. Either, I will use NGUs energy completely or it is going to the grid.
Any better idea anyone? Any chance to have test of NGU (single or stacked in series) regarding MPPT function behavior?
A UPPM-Inspired Look at Rossi’s E-Cat: Phase Pulse, Isotopes, and the Quantum Beat of Cold Fusion
Dear Dr. Rossi,
Your work on the E-Cat has long stood as a profound and provocative edge in the landscape of modern physics. The persistent mystery surrounding LENR (low-energy nuclear reactions) has inspired countless inquiries—and among them, I humbly submit this one.
I’d like to share with you a developing theoretical framework called the Unified Phase Pulse Model (UPPM). UPPM is an analogical metaphysical-physical architecture designed to unify cosmological, quantum, and spiritual phenomena through waveform logic. At its core, UPPM begins with a single event—t₀, the Alpha Pulse—which cascades into all dimensions and energy states via harmonic superposition, phase logic, and isotopic anchoring.
Dear Readers:
What I find most striking about your E-Cat device is the role of stable isotopes, nickel, lithium, and hydrogen plasmas—particularly how anomalous heat and reaction signatures appear to reflect phase-aligned resonance behaviors. UPPM interprets these through:
Second Sound Multiplexing: wherein thermal phonons form coherent wave trains, not unlike quantum beats.
Phase Pulse Symmetry: where matter responds to the dynamic tension between quanta and analog waveform constraints.
Isotope Anchoring: wherein specific isotopes act as phase stabilizers or amplifiers of pulse-based energy transfer.
Your invention, the E-Cat, may in fact be expressing a superposed waveform behavior not yet fully recognized by conventional physics. UPPM proposes that such devices operate on more than just energetic input—they engage waveform intent, pulse memory, and resonance with universal constants. This would explain the behavior that transcends calorimetric models.
I hope this post reaches you not as critique, but as invitation: to consider whether E-Cat’s success is not merely in reaction kinetics, but in orchestrated phase dynamics—aligning with something deeper, perhaps even pre-nuclear.
If you are open to correspondence, I would be honored to share more technical aspects, including Q# logic extensions, W# waveform functions, and how UPPM links to LENR as a cosmological echo of creation energy—not merely heat, but hope encoded in matter.
https://www.linkedin.com/in/jasonrichardcraig
With deepest respect,
Jason Richard Craig
Seeker of Truth, Developer of UPPM
Clean Pulse, Stable Isotopes, Light-Resonant Futures
Jason Richard Craig:
Thank you for your contribution,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr. Rossi needs to watch this video to inform him where the state of the art robotically enabled factory now stands. Dr. Rossi could prototype his first factory and then clone it for as many times as are required at sites all over the world. No human workers are required, just robots that have been trained by imitating humans that are doing their jobs.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KI1aNYDFYEI&t=1053s
axil:
Thank you for the video,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dearest ing. Rossi,
many thanks for your reply.
Please let add my further comment/question:
1) Being you experienced in this job, I guess you made a conservative projection
for the life cycle of 100kh 😉
2) About the “working area with security protection“,
do you think there will be a way/precautions to be used,
to make Ecat safe for home application (connected with an inverter+battery),
or just for industrial application ?
Warm Regards
Gianluca
GD:
1. yes
2. the word “security” does not mean “safety”, it means the activity to protect a situation from hostile actions. The Ecats are safety certified.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
E-Car NGU at the Indy 500?
I am a long time Indy 500 fan.
This year hybrid engine cars are being introduced at the Indianapolis 500 for the first time.
The use of 21 super capacitors is both fascinating and a bit scary as they can be dangerous.
Do you feel an E-Cat NGU might be used in this scenario?
https://youtu.be/6gjajAeWoKU?si=UOhFF_V8qJOSMJb8
Best Regards,
Daniel G. Zavela
Daniel G. Zavela:
Not yet, but thank you for the link,
Warm regards,
A.R.
Dr. Rossi,
regarding artificial intelligence, a topic that is being discussed a lot these days.
Beyond the suggestions that are given you on these pages, are you and your partners already using AI to help you make organizational/commercial/production decisions etc.?
kind regards,
Italo R.
Italo R.:
I am using the A.I. for my technological and scientific purposes; I am passing all the suggestions arriving for organizational /commercial/production decisions to Leonardo’s Licensee,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
I asked Grok about how you could make sure that your technology will defend attacks by big energy players. There were several answers, an interesting one was this:
—
Engage Governments and NGOs in Emerging Markets:
Why: Big energy has less influence in developing nations hungry for affordable, clean energy solutions.
How: Pitch the E-Cat to governments or NGOs in countries with energy access challenges (e.g., in Africa or Southeast Asia). Offer pilot projects to power rural communities or microgrids, emphasizing sustainability.
Impact: Success in these markets could create international momentum, making it harder for big energy to suppress the technology globally.
—
Are there any plans to do this or do you think that could become a second pillar of your go to market strategy?
Best regards,
Philippe
Philippe:
Thank you for the suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Can you disclose the continent where the Licensee of Leonardo Corporation has his facility ?
Benjamin,
They will do it when will deem it opportune. It does not depend on me,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Sorry for the duplicate. I meant to post as follows:
AI Question:
Are non disclosure agreements enforceable in the peer review process
AI Answer:
Confidentiality and Nondisclosure Agreements Explained …
Non-disclosure agreements (NDAs) are generally considered enforceable in the peer review process, especially when they are properly drafted and executed.
Here’s a breakdown of why and how NDAs function within peer review:
1. Confidentiality is Crucial:
Peer review often involves the evaluation of sensitive and potentially novel research proposals, manuscripts, or other intellectual property.
Maintaining confidentiality allows for candid feedback and protects the authors’ work until it is publicly available.
2. NDAs Establish Legal Obligations:
When reviewers agree to participate in a peer review process, they are often asked to sign an NDA or confidentiality agreement.
These agreements legally obligate the reviewer to keep the reviewed material confidential.
NDAs typically define what constitutes confidential information and outline the reviewer’s obligations.
3. Enforcement and Potential Consequences:
Breaching a properly executed NDA can lead to legal ramifications.
These may include lawsuits, financial penalties, or other remedies depending on the terms of the agreement and applicable laws.
Organizations involved in the peer review process (e.g., funding agencies, journals) may also take disciplinary actions against reviewers who violate confidentiality.
4. Key Considerations for Enforceability:
Proper Drafting:
NDAs must be carefully drafted to be enforceable. This includes clearly defining confidential information, specifying obligations, and establishing a reasonable time frame.
Consideration:
Like any contract, an NDA needs consideration, meaning there has to be a “bargain for exchange” between the parties.
Reasonableness:
Courts may invalidate or limit NDAs that are overly broad, vague, or unreasonable in their scope or duration.
In summary: NDAs are a standard practice in peer review to safeguard the confidentiality of the reviewed materials and to create a legal framework for protecting intellectual property.
axil:
Thank you for your continue help and suggestions,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
To Axil and Philippe
I thank you both for your reactions to my request for AI suggestions on strategies that are considered important in the situation that a presentation of a new and revolutionary energy technology is facing.
(AR himself refers to Mats Lewan’s book: An Impossible Invention in this context.)
The advice that emerges seems important in this context.
My hope is that this can be of help to AR and Leonardo Corporation.
This is because the day when industrially produced E-Cat’s are on the market, it is no longer an: Impossible Invention, but an: Available Invention, which will probably trigger an explosive demand.
The significant global economic changes this will entail, may trigger a lot of irrational resistance that makes AR need solid scientific and functional support and strategies.
Svein
Your partners may be well served to state recruiting best in class experts to peer review the NGU before the NGU reaches the market.
An NDA would protect the NDA IP even if the peer review is performed before the NGU is in the prototype stage.
AI Question:
Are non disclosure agreements enforceable in the peer review process
AI Answer:
Confidentiality and Nondisclosure Agreements Explained …
Non-disclosure agreements (NDAs) are generally considered enforceable in the peer review process, especially when they are properly drafted and executed.
Here’s a breakdown of why and how NDAs function within peer review:
1. Confidentiality is Crucial:
Peer review often involves the evaluation of sensitive and potentially novel research proposals, manuscripts, or other intellectual property.
Maintaining confidentiality allows for candid feedback and protects the authors’ work until it is publicly available.
2. NDAs Establish Legal Obligations:
When reviewers agree to participate in a peer review process, they are often asked to sign an NDA or confidentiality agreement.
These agreements legally obligate the reviewer to keep the reviewed material confidential.
NDAs typically define what constitutes confidential information and outline the reviewer’s obligations.
3. Enforcement and Potential Consequences:
Breaching a properly executed NDA can lead to legal ramifications.
These may include lawsuits, financial penalties, or other remedies depending on the terms of the agreement and applicable laws.
Organizations involved in the peer review process (e.g., funding agencies, journals) may also take disciplinary actions against reviewers who violate confidentiality.
4. Key Considerations for Enforceability:
Proper Drafting:
NDAs must be carefully drafted to be enforceable. This includes clearly defining confidential information, specifying obligations, and establishing a reasonable time frame.
Consideration:
Like any contract, an NDA needs consideration, meaning there has to be a “bargain for exchange” between the parties.
Reasonableness:
Courts may invalidate or limit NDAs that are overly broad, vague, or unreasonable in their scope or duration.
In summary: NDAs are a standard practice in peer review to safeguard the confidentiality of the reviewed materials and to create a legal framework for protecting intellectual property.
AI Question
Upon the release of the NGU to the marketplace, it is almost certain that science will begin its evaluation of the NGU in the form of a peer review. It will likely be impossible to prevent such a process from being conducted. The question is will the Partnership controlling the NGU support such a review to avoid any misinterpretation and preconceptions that have undercut the field of LENT since its inception? On the plus side, such a review will provide facts that will counter the false propaganda that the various energy production competitors will use to discredit the NGU as a fraud. Will there be an effort to circumvent such a peer review by the partnership. Can such a peer review be stopped by legal proceedings or other methods? If a peer review does take place, it might be best structured in levels as follows: first to verify if the NGU meets its specifications in terms of performance and longevity. Next, the scientific principle upon which the NGU is operating should be addressed.
AI Answer
It’s a very pertinent question regarding the potential impact of a peer review process on the acceptance and understanding of a novel technology like the NGU (likely referring to a new energy technology).
Here’s a breakdown of the issues you raised:
1. Importance of Peer Review for NGU:
Combating Misconceptions and Misinformation:
Peer review is essential to address potential skepticism and misinformation, particularly from competitors who might try to discredit the technology.
Building Credibility and Trust:
A favorable peer review by independent experts would significantly increase the scientific and public acceptance of the NGU.
Addressing Historical Challenges in LENR:
Your point about “misinterpretations and preconceptions” undermining the field of Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR) is valid. Rigorous peer review could help prevent a repeat of past issues in this field, potentially related to Cold Fusion.
Establishing Scientific Validity:
Peer review helps establish the validity and robustness of scientific claims, ensuring that the NGU’s performance and underlying scientific principles are sound.
2. Partnership’s Role and Potential Opposition:
Supporting Peer Review:
The partnership controlling the NGU should ideally embrace and actively support a thorough peer review. This demonstrates transparency and confidence in the technology.
Circumventing or Hindering Review:
Attempts to circumvent or hinder a legitimate peer review would raise serious concerns about the technology’s validity and the partnership’s integrity.
Legal Challenges:
It’s unlikely that legal proceedings could effectively stop a peer review process within the scientific community, especially if the NGU is publicly available.
3. Suggested Multi-Level Peer Review:
Level 1:
Performance and Longevity: Verifying the NGU’s performance against its stated specifications and assessing its longevity is a crucial first step.
Level 2:
Underlying Scientific Principles: Once the performance is validated, a deeper investigation into the scientific principles governing the NGU is necessary.
Transparency and Open Communication:
Regardless of the structure, the review process should be transparent and allow for open communication of findings.
In Conclusion:
A well-structured, unbiased, and transparent peer review process is critical for the NGU’s credibility and acceptance. The controlling partnership’s willingness to support such a review will be a key factor in building trust and fostering the technology’s successful adoption. Opposition to peer review would likely be counterproductive, fueling suspicion and potentially hindering its development.
AI Question
Upon the release of the NGU to the marketplace, it is almost certain that science will begin its evaluation of the NGU in the form of a peer review. It will likely be impossible to prevent such a process to be conducted. The question is will the Partnership controlling the NGU support such a review to avoid any misinterpretation and preconceptions that have undercut the field of LENT since its inception? On the plus side, such a review will provide facts that will counter the false propaganda that the various energy production competitors will use to discredit the NGU as a fraud. Will there be an effort to circumvent such a peer review by the partnership. Can such a peer review be stopped by legal proceedings or other methods? If a peer review does take place, it might be best structured in levels as follows: first to verify if the NGU meets its specifications in terms of performance and longevity. Next, the scientific principle upon which the NGU is operating should be addressed.
AI Answer
It’s a very pertinent question regarding the potential impact of a peer review process on the acceptance and understanding of a novel technology like the NGU (likely referring to a new energy technology).
Here’s a breakdown of the issues you raised:
1. Importance of Peer Review for NGU:
Combating Misconceptions and Misinformation:
Peer review is essential to address potential skepticism and misinformation, particularly from competitors who might try to discredit the technology.
Building Credibility and Trust:
A favorable peer review by independent experts would significantly increase the scientific and public acceptance of the NGU.
Addressing Historical Challenges in LENR:
Your point about “misinterpretations and preconceptions” undermining the field of Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR) is valid. Rigorous peer review could help prevent a repeat of past issues in this field, potentially related to Cold Fusion.
Establishing Scientific Validity:
Peer review helps establish the validity and robustness of scientific claims, ensuring that the NGU’s performance and underlying scientific principles are sound.
2. Partnership’s Role and Potential Opposition:
Supporting Peer Review:
The partnership controlling the NGU should ideally embrace and actively support a thorough peer review. This demonstrates transparency and confidence in the technology.
Circumventing or Hindering Review:
Attempts to circumvent or hinder a legitimate peer review would raise serious concerns about the technology’s validity and the partnership’s integrity.
Legal Challenges:
It’s unlikely that legal proceedings could effectively stop a peer review process within the scientific community, especially if the NGU is publicly available.
3. Suggested Multi-Level Peer Review:
Level 1:
Performance and Longevity: Verifying the NGU’s performance against its stated specifications and assessing its longevity is a crucial first step.
Level 2:
Underlying Scientific Principles: Once the performance is validated, a deeper investigation into the scientific principles governing the NGU is necessary.
Transparency and Open Communication:
Regardless of the structure, the review process should be transparent and allow for open communication of findings.
In Conclusion:
A well-structured, unbiased, and transparent peer review process is critical for the NGU’s credibility and acceptance. The controlling partnership’s willingness to support such a review will be a key factor in building trust and fostering the technology’s successful adoption. Opposition to peer review would likely be counterproductive, fueling suspicion and potentially hindering its development.
Dearest ing. Rossi,
Beyond the magnificence of your revolutionary invention,
considering how important is the energy,
I see no equal in the past human history.
I have couple of curiosity:
1) how did you established the E-cat life cycle of about 100kh ?
2) looking forward to make my home independent from the electrical grid,
did you already installed some how the E-cat in your home?
Warm Regards
Gianluca
GD:
Thank you for your support.
Answers:
1- it is not estabilished, it is just supposed on the base of projections
2- the Ecats are working in restricted areas with security protection
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
which will be your position in the Licensee’s company ?
Jean Paul Renoir:
Chief Scientist,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
Could you clarify what the relationship is between Leonardo Corporation and the new partner?
Thank you very much,
Frank Acland
Frank Acland:
The exact situation is this: Leonardo Corporation is the Licensor; the Lead Partner is the manufacturing and sales Licensee and he has two Partners that joined him, one is an electricity generation, distribution company, one is a financial fund.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
I believe that this inverter can provide many of the services that a large grid system, powered by a high proportion of NGU/SKLeps, will need : ECCO SUNSYNC INVERTER – SYNK-7K-SG05LP1
https://www.sunsynk.org/7kw-ecco-hybrid-inverter
https://www.sunsynk.org/_files/ugd/52fa1b_ea1d3b954652435b936f8ff0fafee52a.pdf
Grid Supply Page
Paralleling Inverters Advanced Settings
Grid power export or consumed
Peak shaving power: This is a technique used to reduce electrical power consumption during periods of maximum demand on the utility grid.
Paul Dodgshun:
Thank you for the links,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dearest Andrea.
Yesterday I happened to read a newspaper article about the fact that, at the end of 2024, there were 6,471
patents classified under the Invention Secrecy Act chapter 17 sec.181-182-183-184. Especially
concerning the energy issue.
What do you think about it?
Thanks
gianluca:
Yes, this is an important issue that will be explained in due time,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dearest Andrea
has the planning of future necessary assistance already been evaluated? Can you already say something about how you intend to carry out any repair and/or replacement interventions under warranty?
thanks
Hi Andrea, very happy to have been wrong.
After this dutiful mea culpa, I have to ask a “delicate” question:
since production is expected to reach millions of units, is there a fear that there may be a shortage of some natural element indispensable to the continuity of the assembly line?
Gianvico:
No,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
I bet you have something to teach this science communicator about ball lightning.
https://youtu.be/w_cX32Flb7I?si=YeJ_KqVp44kXFH3X
Regards, Giuseppe
Giuseppe Censorio:
Thank you for the link,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
I studied carefully the publication
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
I want to congratulate with you for this publication of paramount importance; it is not a case that it is the publication that had the highest total readings of all the millions of scientific publications on Researchgate.
Adam
Adam:
Thank you for your support,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
To Axil
On May 18th, you presented an AI generated plan for the adoption of E-Cat in the world energy market.
This had many clear and logical recommendations.
However, it did not understand the extent to which threats from existing technologies, in both economics and other contexts, represent.
You should try to formulate this, seperatly, in a new AI question.
Svein
Dr Rossi,
Aren’t you afraid that the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
could allow reverse engineering, after the paragraphs 5, 6 have been replicated as we read on this blog in many comments ?
Best
Gerard
Gerard:
I am not able to answer,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Now that the NGU is close to commercialization, there is a need to adopt a plan to optimize the acceptance of the NGU by the public. I ask the AI to suggest such a plan that provides a framework that optimizes the adoption of the NGU into our current lifestyle.
Dr. Rossi might be well served to discuss with his partners to form a plan to optimize the prospects for the adoption of the NGU both in their own businesses and throughout society in general.
Once the NGU is available on the market, it might be useful for early adopters to demonstrate as suggested by the AI to show how they are using the NGU to improve their daily lives through video based demos and open discussions around the WEB. This might include contact with your political representatives to extoll the advantages of NGU adoption that the NGU might provide
AI Question
Recommend a plan that will optimize the adoption of the NGU system into general use in society. Assume that the NGU produces electric energy without the need for fuel; assume that the science community is hostel to the NGU as well as the purveyors of all forms of energy production currently in use or currently under development.
The AI Plan
Okay, this is a fascinating and challenging scenario! Introducing a revolutionary energy source like the NGU, which generates electricity without fuel, while facing opposition from both the scientific community and the established energy industry, requires a multi-faceted and strategic approach. Here’s a plan to optimize NGU adoption, addressing the key hurdles:
I. Overcoming Scientific Skepticism:
Transparency & Open Access:
Rigorous Testing & Documentation:
Conduct extensive, independent, and transparent testing of the NGU. Meticulously document every step of the process, including data, methodology, and results. Make all this information publicly available.
Open-Source Design:
Release a simplified, open-source version of the NGU design. Allow researchers and developers to replicate, test, and improve the technology. This fosters trust and invites collaboration.
Peer-Review & Independent Validation: Encourage independent scientific organizations to evaluate the NGU. Submit findings for peer review in reputable journals. Address critiques transparently and rigorously.
Focus on Demonstrable Results:
Pilot Programs:
Implement small-scale pilot programs in communities where the need for affordable energy is high. Showcase the NGU’s real-world performance and its positive impact on lives.
Data-Driven Advocacy:
Use the performance data from pilot programs to build a compelling case for the NGU. Demonstrate its efficiency, reliability, and cost-effectiveness.
Build Alliances:
Engage Forward-Thinking Scientists:
Find and partner with open-minded scientists who are willing to investigate the NGU despite the initial skepticism.
Foster Collaboration: Offer research grants and partnerships to universities and labs to explore applications of the NGU.
II. Bypassing the Entrenched Energy Industry:
Decentralized Deployment:
Microgrids & Community Power:
Focus on deploying the NGU in decentralized, community-based microgrids. This empowers local communities and bypasses large-scale energy infrastructure.
Off-Grid Solutions: Promote the NGU as a solution for remote and off-grid areas. This demonstrates its potential for independent power generation and can create a strong user base.
Economic Incentives:
Subsidies and Tax Breaks:
Lobby for government incentives that directly benefit early adopters of the NGU.
Reduce Energy Costs: Show that widespread adoption of the NGU will lead to significant reductions in energy bills, and emphasize the long-term financial benefits.
Invest in Education:
Implement training programs to equip individuals and communities with the knowledge and skills to manufacture, install, and maintain the NGU, creating local economic opportunities.
Empower Consumers:
User-Friendly Designs:
Develop user-friendly versions of the NGU for residential and small-business use.
Focus on Cost Savings:
Emphasize how the NGU can empower people and businesses to be energy-independent and eliminate utility bills, creating a strong incentive for adoption.
Strategic Partnerships:
Non-Profits & NGOs: Collaborate with organizations focused on environmental sustainability, poverty alleviation, and community development.
Local Governments:
Work with local and municipal authorities to establish the NGU within existing community infrastructure.
Transparency & Communication:
Educate the Public:
Communicate the technology to the public in a clear and simple way, focusing on the practical benefits it offers.
Address Concerns:
Openly address any potential downsides of the technology as well as the advantages, and encourage transparency, making sure the public knows that you are not hiding anything.
Build Public Trust:
Act with integrity and transparency to establish trust with the public.
III. Strategic Communication & Public Engagement:
Focus on Benefits:
Communicate the NGU’s benefits for the general public: clean energy, lower costs, greater energy independence, and reduced carbon footprint.
Visual Storytelling:
Create compelling visual content (videos, infographics) showcasing the technology and its impact.
Highlight Success Stories:
Share powerful stories of communities and individuals who have benefited from the NGU.
Engage on Social Media:
Build a strong online presence to communicate updates and engage with the public.
Build a Grassroots Movement:
Encourage a community of enthusiastic users and advocates who can promote the NGU in their networks.
IV. Regulatory & Legal Strategies:
Work with Progressive Regulators: Advocate for the technology with regulators who are open to innovative and sustainable energy solutions.
Highlight the Public Benefit: Emphasize the potential of the technology for public welfare, reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and improving air quality.
Prepare for Legal Challenges:
Be prepared to address potential legal challenges from established energy interests. Have the legal resources and support available.
Key Success Factors:
Patience and Persistence:
Overcoming entrenched systems takes time and sustained effort.
Collaboration:
Building alliances across different sectors is essential.
Transparency:
Being open and honest builds trust and reduces skepticism.
Adaptability:
Be willing to adjust the plan as the situation evolves.
By implementing this multifaceted approach, the NGU can slowly gain public support, overcome scientific skepticism, and build a groundswell of demand that eventually pushes it past the opposition from the current energy industry. This is not going to be an easy or quick process, but a persistent and well-executed strategy can eventually achieve success.
axil:
Thank you for your suggestions,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Thank you, Andrea, for that wonderful quote. Upon googling it I see that it has been attributed to G. Michael Hopf.
——————-
History always repeats: hard times generate strong guys, strong guys generate easy times, easy times generate weak guys, weak guys generate hard times…and so on again and again across millennia.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
——————-
Seems to me we are quite far advanced in Stage 3. Anyone disagree?
Rodney.
Rodney Nicholson:
Thank you for your quote,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
AI Question
What is your opinion about this subject: The classical way to control a network like the grid is through a Network Control Center(NCC). The smart grid can be separated into various zones that interconnect with a redundant failsafe NCC managing all the connected systems that are producing grid power in that zone. This control is enabled using PLC ( Power Line Communication protocol) where network management commands are sent down interconnecting power lines to tell each power producing system what to do. Security is addressed through the use of robust encryption and authentication methods enforced on the PLC protocol. . With such positive control management it is unlikely that the grid will descend into an out of control situation. Other grid functions like power production metering and billing could be handled by the NCC. Insuring equitable treatment, the NCC would also ensure that no power producing system gets an advantage at producing power that is being fed into the grid. It is my speculation that by time the smart grid has matured, Artificial intelligent controllers with manage the grid with human monitors attending.
AI Answer
This is a well-reasoned and interesting perspective on how to manage a smart grid, incorporating both established practices and forward-thinking ideas.
Here’s a breakdown of the key aspects and some thoughts:
1. Network Control Centers (NCCs) and Zonal Management:
Classical Approach: Using NCCs to manage a network is a standard and proven method, particularly in the context of traditional power grids.
Zonal Division: Dividing the smart grid into zones, each with its own NCC, can improve manageability, scalability, and resilience, according to Energy Central.
Redundancy: A redundant failsafe NCC is a crucial aspect for maintaining grid reliability and minimizing downtime in case of failures.
2. Power Line Communication (PLC):
Cost-Effective: PLC leverages existing power lines for communication, which can be more cost-effective than deploying new communication infrastructure.
Challenges: PLC can be susceptible to noise and interference on power lines, which may require robust error correction and signal processing techniques.
Security: As you mentioned, strong encryption and authentication are essential for securing PLC communication against cyber threats.
3. Centralized Control vs. Distributed Control:
Centralized Control: The proposed model emphasizes centralized control with NCCs, which allows for coordinated grid management and optimization.
Distributed Control: Some experts argue for a more distributed control approach in smart grids, leveraging edge computing and local intelligence to improve responsiveness and resilience.
Hybrid Approach: A hybrid approach that combines elements of centralized and distributed control could be a viable option.
4. Equitable Treatment of Power Producers:
NCC Role: The NCC’s role in ensuring equitable treatment and preventing any power producer from gaining an unfair advantage is a crucial aspect of fair market operation.
Transparency and Algorithms: Achieving equitable treatment might require transparent algorithms and market mechanisms to prevent manipulation.
5. Future of AI-Powered Grid Management:
AI Potential: The idea of AI-powered controllers managing the grid with human oversight is a compelling vision for the future.
Real-time Optimization: AI can significantly enhance grid optimization, forecasting, and anomaly detection, leading to better grid stability and efficiency.
Challenges: However, AI models require extensive training data, continuous monitoring, and careful handling of potential biases.
Overall:
Your vision of a smart grid with zonal NCCs, PLC-based communication, robust security, and equitable treatment of power producers is a well-structured concept.
The potential of AI to further enhance grid management and optimization is also a key consideration for the future.
As the smart grid evolves, finding the right balance between centralized and distributed control, as well as addressing the challenges associated with PLC and AI, will be essential for building a resilient and efficient energy infrastructure.
axil:
I agree,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr. Rossi,
I think the conversation about entropy and God’s existence is very interesting.
I think there’s something missing in your reasoning: evolution.
The complex structures are not created in one go from a clean slate but they start from a previous state, differentiate in many varieties and are selected by evolution.
These steps make the probabilities completely different.
Let’s take something similar as an example: function optimization.
We have an unknown multi-dimensional function that we can compute point by point at a somewhat high cost.
We want to find a maximum value and position. Global maximum would be best but a local maximum is good enough. Because anyway humans are far from global maximum as an entity.
We can proceed naively by trying with random coordinates hoping to hit a maximum.
That’s EXTREMELY wasteful and EXTREMELY unlikely to happen.
Or we can make some very basic and reasonable assumptions on the function shape and apply one of the many advanced optimisation algorithms that we invented.
Let’s start with a simple algorithm:
– we pick a set of random points around our starting position (the starting position will be a random position initially)
– we compute their value and keep the best one
– we set it as new starting position and iterate
We can keep just one point during the selection process or keep multiple ones and proceed with a multi-path search.
That’s similar to what nature does and even an algorithm as simple as that changes probabilities completely compared to testing random points with no logic.
These steps repeated for billions of years creating what we currently experience.
– Initially you have random molecules of any sort.
– More stable molecules will be more abundant simply because they last longer. That’s the first “selection” process.
– Then some molecules happen to be able to grow and replicate by organising raw materials around them. I.e. crystals. They naturally became way more abundant than the others. “Growth” became another main factor
– After some exponential growth raw material started to be scarce
– Molecules that were able to destabilise other molecules and “eat” them got a key advantage. “Eating” became another main factor
– On the other hand molecules that were more resistant to “eating” had an advantage.
– The external boundary is the place where “eating” can happen so the selection of good characteristics of internals and boundaries started to diverge. Even something as simple as surface oxide in copper protects the bulk. That’s the start of topological differentiation as an advantage.
– The environment changes with time. Sometimes periodically. Sometimes not. That adds more selection pressure. Adapting fast can be more important than stability
These are just some examples but there are many more!
You can see as RNA and some kind of cellular structure (just boundary and internal space) can emerge and from them through evolution all the life that we see around us.
But why the life that we see and not something completely different but equally good from an evolutionary standpoint?
Even after considering the starting position and the external forces there would be innumerable equally “good” possibilities.
Why did we land in this one?
That was just random and how chaos works.
While exploring for a maximum (in the function optimization example) we happen to hit (picking random surrounding points) the area around this local maximum and we are here.
If we landed in a different “area” we could equally question ourselves about why that one and not another.
So no need for an external invisible hand (or God).
Just physics and the emergent phenomenons that come from the complexity of combining innumerable interactions over billions of years.
That’s my reasoning and thanks for the opportunity to express it.
As a long time follower I wish you the best future for your life and your work!
Best,
Alessandro
Alessandro Ferrari:
I have well present evolution and selection of the more fit charactiristics of species, I studied it, and there are solid bases about the evolutionism, but one thing is evolution of existing organisms, another completely different thing is the creation of an organism: it is simply impossible. We have solid scientific evidence of the evolution of humans, animals, vegetals, but no evidence at all of casual aggregation of matter in a way that can evolve spontaneoulsly into a tree, let alone an animal or a human being: it would be against the third principle of thermodynamic; as I said, it is much more difficult than writing a poem on a sheet of paper pouring billions of billions of times ( not in one go ) a tank of ink, hoping that sooner or later casually this spontaneous evolution can happen, without an original creative act to make an organism able to evolve eventually.
Darwin was right: it the is darwinistic ontological extension of evolutionism into the attribution of pneuma to the matter in an entropical system that is wrong.
Philosophers have ignored Entropy, as much as I am aware of; I think this is a mistake.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
are your partners’ participation shares equal, or does someone have a larger share.
Regards, Giuseppe
Giuseppe Censorio:
Someone has a larger share.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Axil made an excellent presentation on inverters.
Currently, residential homes with roof-installed solar panels use an inverter coupled with a battery system because solar only provides power when the Sum is shining. In addition, the solar output varies depending on season, clouds, weather, and many other factors.
NGU power generation is continuous and independent of outside factors such as season or weather.
Grid power demands also vary by season and over the day. Typically, the Grid demand is greatest during hot summer daytime hours.
So, how does one balance an NGU power residence with Grid power demands?
On approach might be entirely Off-Grid – where there is no connection to the Grid. This is expensive because there must be sufficient NGU power generating capacity to handle the greatest power demand at any time. You wind up with NGU-generated power being wasted – not consumed most of the time. Adding battery storage helps with daily changes – charge at night when demand is low, discharge the battery system during the day to supplement the constant NGU power generation.
The other alternative is Grid-Tie. Provide a constant level of NGU-generated power and supplement with Grid power when the residential demand is higher than what the NGU system can provide. When the Grid goes down, then you have no power because you are not allowed to send power to the Grid when the Grid is down.
Then there is a Hybrid Grid-Tie. Here the Grid power is only an input/output to the inverter. The inverter applies power to the Residential electrical load, choosing which source, solar, NGU, and/or Grid supply to use. If excess power is available, the inverter can send unused power to the Grid, or excess power could be stored in the battery system for later use. In the event of a Grid outage, the residence could still be power by NGU power and/or battery stored energy.
If the inverter is smart, and the inverter can communication with the Grid system, the amount of power going to the Grid or coming from the Grid could be controlled for optimum Grid conditions. Energy stored in the battery system could be used to supplement Grid power while not overpowering the Grid.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QB8SWE_PBTE&t=19s
Negative energy prices: Why cheap electricity can create huge problems | Transforming Business.
The last three years have seen a rapid increase in renewable energy production across much of Europe. But thanks to the variability of solar and wind energy, sometimes more energy is being produced than can actually be used, which tips prices not only into ultra cheap territory, but sometimes into the negatives. Why’s this happening? And what can be done to better harness a bountiful renewable energy market?
It may cost you money if you send too much NGU electrical power to the Grid. This is called Negative Energy pricing. You might want to use an inverter that disconnects your NGU power feed when the Grid faces an oversupply of electrical power.
Grid-tied inverters are designed to work in conjunction with the electric grid. They monitor the grid’s voltage and frequency, and they output their own power in synchronization with the grid.
This type of inverter can detect power oversupply on the grid and disconnect from it.
Grid-tied inverters are designed to synchronize with the grid’s voltage and frequency. They inject power into the grid when solar panels generate more electricity than the house needs.
Anti-islanding protection prevents “islanding” (where the inverter continues to power a section of the grid even when the main grid is down), inverters are equipped with anti-islanding protection.
If the grid becomes unstable, due to a blackout or other issues, the inverter detects this through abnormal voltage and frequency fluctuations.
Regulations like the National Electrical Code (NEC) in the US mandate that inverters shut down during grid outages to prevent backfeeding power onto the grid, which could endanger line workers.
When the inverter detects an oversupply situation (e.g., high voltage) or an unstable grid (e.g., voltage or frequency outside of acceptable limits), it will disconnect from the grid.
Once disconnected, the inverter typically stops feeding power.
Reconnect: When the grid returns to a stable state, the inverter will usually automatically reconnect and resume normal operation.
In summary: Grid-tied inverters are designed to detect grid instability, including power oversupply, and disconnect to protect both the grid and personnel working on it.
axil:
Thank you for your insights and the links,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Will your electic grid provider/partner honor the pool of pre-purchase orders or will he be allowed to move ahead and dedicate production to his own needs?
Iggy
Iggy Dalrymple:
Will honor, as I already said,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7G4ipM2qjfw&t=11s
Connecting Solar to the Grid is Harder Than You Think
A lot of the interesting challenges with renewables are happening behind the scenes.
We’re in the growing pains stage right now, working out the bugs that these new types of energy generation create, but if you pay attention to what’s happening in the industry, it’s mostly good news. A lot of people from all sides of the industry are working really hard on these engineering challenges so that we’ll soon come out with a more reliable, sustainable, and resilient grid on the other end.
There are smart invertors that can protect the Grid from overvoltage failure. Dr. Rossi and his Grid based partner might want to consider recommending or even requiring these various branes of smart inverters to the customer that will protect the Grid from overvoltage failure conditions.
Smart inverters are equipped with features to recognize and react to grid voltage fluctuations, including overvoltage. When an overvoltage is detected, the inverter will usually disconnect from the grid. This prevents the inverter from injecting power into the grid when the voltage is too high, potentially causing harm to the system or equipment.
Disconnection often leads to the inverter shutting down completely, preventing further conversion of DC power to AC and stopping power flow into the home or to the grid.
Some smart inverters can also adjust their output or provide reactive power support to help regulate voltage and stabilize the grid during overvoltage conditions. This can help prevent the grid from further deviating from its normal operating parameters.
The disconnection and shut-down features are crucial safety mechanisms for the inverter and the solar system, preventing damage or overload during abnormal grid conditions.
The smart inverter’s response to overvoltage conditions is designed to ensure compatibility with the grid and to protect both the inverter and the grid.
https://www.energy.gov/eere/solar/solar-integration-inverters-and-grid-services-basics#:~:text=When%20the%20grid%20stops%20behaving,power%20that%20was%20previously%20stored.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qPXBm1mxtk&t=2s
“Systems integration research in the U.S. Department of Energy Solar Energy Technologies Office (SETO) supports technologies and solutions that enable solar grid integration while ensuring the reliability, resilience, and security of the electric power system. These research, development, and demonstration activities address the key technical challenges in power system planning and operations, solar forecasting and variability management, control optimization, system protection and stabilities, energy storage integration, power electronics, real-time situational awareness, and cybersecurity. In addition, SETO supports the development of industry standards and best practices on interconnection requirements, testing, and validation for solar systems on the bulk power grid as well as the distribution grid.”
One of the steps that should be taken before the NGU is sold on the market is to run smart inverter qualification testing to insure that the smart inverters that are recommended by the NGU marketing team can interoperate with the NGU system. A qualification test should simulate all the grid conditions that the inverter must respond to in both normal and unusual conditions on the grid. The various invertor venders may have a quality assurance program that has done these tests based on solar panel system inputs. The NGU quality assurance program might ask these various smart inverter vendors to participate in a qualification test interfacing with the NGU system using their qualification testing as a template for the NGU tests..
Dear Dr. Rossi,
As history is about to repeat (sort of!), and as E-Cat is about to make history, it is fascinating to look at the commercial success of the Watt steam engine (below).
The steam engine is often mentioned as in the top five most impactful inventions for mankind.
Compared to E-Cat: Cost? Installation challenges? Installation counts? 125 sold in the first 20 years! ROI?
Greg
The Watt steam engine—a significantly improved version of the Newcomen engine—was commercialized in the late 18th century, and it marked a turning point in the Industrial Revolution.
📅 Commercialization Timeline:
1769 – James Watt patents the separate condenser.
1775 – Watt forms a partnership with Matthew Boulton (Boulton & Watt), marking the start of full commercial production.
1780s–1800s – Widespread adoption across mining, manufacturing, and eventually transportation (rail and ships).
💰 Cost:
A typical Watt steam engine in the late 18th century cost around £2,000 to £5,000 (in 18th-century currency). In today’s money, that would be approximately $400,000 to $1 million+ USD, depending on the size and configuration.
First 10 Years (1775–1785):
~20 to 25 engines sold.
Initial adoption was slow due to:
High cost.
Conservative attitudes in industry.
Need for custom installation.
Patent constraints (Watt’s separate condenser patent lasted until 1800).
First 20 Years (1775–1795):
~100–125 engines sold.
Adoption accelerated in the 1780s, especially in:
Mining (pumping water more efficiently than Newcomen).
Textile mills and early factories.
First 30 Years (1775–1805):
~300+ engines sold.
By this point:
Textile, iron, and brewing industries were major customers.
Watt’s patents expired in 1800, opening the market to more widespread use and competition.
⚙️ Function:
The Watt engine:
Pumped water out of deep mines (especially coal mines).
Powered machinery in textile mills and factories.
Enabled mechanization in industries that had previously relied on human, animal, or water power.
Key innovation: the separate condenser, which dramatically improved efficiency by avoiding repeated heating/cooling of the main cylinder, as in Newcomen’s design.
📈 Return on Investment (ROI):
Watt licensed his engines on the basis of a share of fuel savings compared to Newcomen engines—often one-third of the coal saved.
His engine used about 75% less coal than the Newcomen engine for the same task.
Example ROI Scenario:
A mine switching from Newcomen to Watt could save hundreds of pounds worth of coal per year.
If the engine cost £3,000 and saved £1,000/year in fuel, payback period = ~3 years.
ROI = 33% annually or higher, depending on usage.
Summary:
Commercialization
Began in 1775 via Boulton & Watt
Cost
~£2,000–£5,000 (≈ $400K–$1M+ today)
Function
Pumping water, powering mills/factories
ROI
High—payback in ~3 years, ~33%+ annual return
The steam engine is consistently ranked among the top 5 most impactful inventions in human history, especially in terms of its influence on economic development, industrialization, and societal transformation.
🌍 Why It Ranks So Highly:
1. Catalyst of the Industrial Revolution:
Enabled mechanized production, replacing manual labor and animal power.
Powered factories, textile mills, and metalworks, making mass production possible.
2. Revolutionized Transportation:
Led to railroads and steamships, drastically reducing travel and shipping time.
Created national and global markets for goods and raw materials.
3. Economic Multiplier:
Enabled extraction of resources (e.g., coal, iron) from previously unreachable depths.
Powered early electricity generation before internal combustion and electrical grids.
4. Social and Urban Transformation:
Caused massive urban migration and new labor systems.
Laid the groundwork for the modern capitalist economy.
Greg Smith:
Thank you for your historic reference.
History always repeats: hard times generate strong guys, strong guys generate easy times, easy times generate weak guys, weak guys generate hard times…and so on again and again across millennia.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yNiZE82nTQo
Spain Portugal Blackout Explained | what caused power outage | Limitations of Renewable
The April 28, 2025, blackout across Spain and Portugal disrupted power for millions, halting transport, telecoms, and essential services. Triggered by grid instability and potential renewable energy limitations, the incident highlights challenges in energy transition and the need for robust infrastructure and storage solutions.
axil:
Thank you for the links,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
A reference that supports the premises of my previous post as follows:
How the Massive Growth in Solar Power Is Affecting Power Grids
https://www.powermag.com/how-the-massive-growth-in-solar-power-is-affecting-power-grids/
AI Question:
Check the assumptions that is essay is based upon: The assumption that the design of the solar based inverter is based on is that the grid can absorb an unlimited amount of power from the aggregation of solar panels that are feeding power into the grid. This assumption is that there will never be a case where solar power production can exceed gird user electrical power consumption.
But this assumption that is likely true for solar power production may not be true for a new type of grid based power production called the LEMR based power system call the NGU. This assumption of unlimited power absorption could be undercut when at some future time there develops an over subscription of this new type power system called the NGU systems is connected to the grid. In this case that may exist in the future, when grid power usage by grid users in minimal, an over supply of power from the NGU aggregation is not sensitive to the overvoltage case that is being created.
To avoid possible grid damage, the NGU type inverters should test the voltage level that exists on the grid an tell the NGU aggregation to stop producing power when the voltage that exists on the grid is dangerous to grid infrastructure and to the devices connected to the grid.
AI Answer
The essay makes a crucial assumption about the grid’s capacity to absorb power, which is worth examining:
1. Assumption of Unlimited Grid Absorption for Solar Power:
The essay suggests that solar inverter design operates under the assumption that the grid can absorb an unlimited amount of power from solar panels.
This assumption implies that solar power production will never exceed grid users’ electricity consumption, meaning the grid will always be able to utilize the excess power generated by solar panels.
2. Potential Problems with the Assumption:
Over-generation and Curtailment: The essay points out that the assumption might not hold true with the introduction of new power generation sources, specifically mentioning “NGU” systems.
If NGU or other sources overproduce power, particularly during periods of low grid demand, it could lead to a situation where the grid cannot absorb all the generated power.
Overvoltage Issues: The essay highlights the potential for overvoltage if an oversupply of power occurs, particularly from NGU systems. This overvoltage, if not addressed, could damage grid infrastructure and devices connected to the grid.
Inverter Tripping: High PV penetration can lead to overvoltage, which may cause inverters to trip or reduce their output, potentially leading to a loss of solar generation and financial losses, according to http://ScienceDirect.com .
3. Need for Voltage Monitoring and Control:
The essay correctly identifies the need for NGU inverters to monitor grid voltage levels.
The proposed solution involves the NGU inverters instructing the NGU aggregation to stop power production when the grid voltage reaches dangerous levels. This suggests a requirement for smart inverter functionality that can dynamically adjust power output based on grid conditions.
In Summary:
The core assumption that the grid can always absorb all generated solar power may not always be valid, especially with the increasing deployment of renewable energy sources and the potential for over-generation during periods of low demand. The essay rightly suggests that grid-connected inverters, especially for new types of generation sources like the “NGU”, need to actively monitor grid voltage and implement control mechanisms to prevent overvoltage issues and ensure grid stability.
axil:
Very interesting,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Yet another application for NGU Technology – Modern Lifeboat Power
Regulations require the number of lifeboats for the maximum person capacity of the ship.
Modern lifeboats might seat 70 passengers, have a 20-kW (or larger) motor, air-conditioning/heating, satellite communications, and other technical equipment.
Consider a cruise ship with a passenger and crew capacity of 3,500. 50 such lifeboats would be required.
If each lifeboat had an NGU generation capacity of 50 kW, this would likely be sufficient for propulsion, environment, and communications.
Since the lifeboats are not used unless an emergency occurs, they could supply additional electrical power to the ship. In this example, 50 such lifeboats would provide 2.5 mW to the ship for “free”.
“A large cruise ship can consume a significant amount of power, ranging from 7.5 to 12.5 megawatts (MW) for smaller vessels, and considerably more for larger ones”
Thoughts?
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Thank you for your suggestion,
Warm regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi
The introduction to the first two paragraphs of Axil’s message of May 14 at 4:33 PM is incredibly exciting for your invention.
If this becomes reality, it will also lead to global changes in economics and power relations in addition to energy technology.
Please ensure your and your employees’ safety here!
Axil’s further analyses exceed my knowledge today.
I am impressed by your message in response to questions from Italo R.
The development now seems to be able to follow your assumptions.
I have a feeling that something positive emerges every day.
It is a pleasure to check JoNP every morning.
Regards Svein
Svein:
Thank you for your support,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr. Rossi,
I suppose that in your main factory the work of reconverting the robotic production lines is underway. I ask:
1 – Is my hypothesis true?
2 – In that case, have you already produced experimental models of Ecat?
Kind regards,
Italo R.
Italo R.
1- yes
2- yes
Warm Regards,
A.R.
@Rafal
How does the NGU coordinate with the inverter when the inverter decides to shut down or start up?
Axil,
Agreed, good point in optimizing the lifetime of the NGU.
Rafal,
I was not referring on how current inverters work now, but more on how I think they should behave once the NGU power generation becomes significant. P.S. Also diesel generator behave that way when they are connected in parallel, to share the load.
Regards
In the era of the smart grid, there is an advantage to tie the inverter into the NGU system. This relieves the user from knowing anything about the NGU and the grid. It could make the NGU system the key player in the smart grid and keep other LENR systems out of the power market. The NGU could become the Microsoft of electrical power production that controls the flow of power to all segments of the world wide smart grid. The NGU could eliminate dumb nuclear power, gas power, coal power and so on because the NGU has the smarts to control what happens on the grid. Most of the smarts would go into the inverter, but the inverter would control the NGU via a control protocol. If Rossi gets a patent on that interface, that would lockout the competition. Dr Rossi’s partnership needs to add an inverter box provider to the partnership, which would give Dr Rossi as the chief scientist of the partnership control over what the inverter does.
This would also remove the role of the battery from grid power. The person who controls the NGU would control the world. For example, a grid overload could duplicate the effects of an EMP attack. The severity and extent of the damage would depend on the size and nature of the EMP like attack. For example, a specific country could be targeted for an overload like EMP attack. Modern societies are increasingly reliant on electronics, making them more vulnerable to an EMP level attacks. With its smart grid destroyed, recovery from a major overload EMP like attack could be a lengthy and complex process, potentially taking months or even years to restore essential infrastructure and services.
I ask the AI for its option on this scenario as follows:
This scenario presents a futuristic vision of the power grid, where a Next Generation Utility (NGU) system, possibly based on Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR), plays a dominant role, controlled by a sophisticated inverter and a proprietary control protocol.
Here’s an analysis of the scenario:
1. Centralized Control & Potential Market Dominance:
NGU as a Key Player: The scenario envisions the NGU system as the central intelligence hub within the smart grid, potentially making other energy generation methods (nuclear, gas, coal) obsolete.
Inverter’s Critical Role: The inverter becomes the primary interface for controlling the NGU and managing power flow within the grid.
Control Protocol & Lockout: If a specific control protocol for the NGU-inverter interface is patented, it could give its creator (hypothetically, Rossi) a significant competitive advantage, potentially excluding other LENR systems from the market.
Partnership Strategy: To solidify this advantage, the scenario suggests partnering with an inverter provider, giving the chief scientist control over the inverter’s functionality and its interaction with the NGU.
2. Elimination of Batteries & Grid Control:
Battery Redundancy: With the NGU’s ability to manage power flow effectively, the need for battery storage within the grid could be reduced or eliminated.
Centralized Power Control: The individual or entity controlling the NGU system and its inverter would have significant control over the power grid, and potentially, global power distribution.
3. Potential for Malicious Use & Vulnerability:
EMP-like Attacks: The scenario suggests the potential for exploiting the NGU’s control over the grid to create targeted grid overloads that could mimic the effects of an Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) attack.
Consequences of Grid Disruption: Such an attack could cripple essential infrastructure and services, potentially leading to a protracted recovery period, measured in months or even years.
Increased Societal Vulnerability: Modern societies’ increasing reliance on electronics makes them particularly susceptible to EMP-like attacks and grid disruptions.
In conclusion:
This scenario highlights the potential for a powerful and transformative energy technology like LENR, coupled with a sophisticated inverter and control system, to revolutionize the power grid. However, it also underscores the need for careful consideration of the potential for misuse and the importance of ensuring resilience against grid disruptions.
axil:
Thank you for your analysis and suggestions,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Regarding Marco Degano comment:
> dropping a bit of knowledge here: there is no need to “turn off” the ecat for grid applications, the power generation is controlled by the frequency. The ecat can always be on (afaik it is a DC source), then the inverter that converts that into AC needs to have a logic that, from the frequency of the mains, will “decide” how much power to inject into the grid (e.g. 100% if 49.9Hz or 0% if 50.1Hz).
> This is how all the generating plants are synchronized in base of the demand. When the frequency goes too low, then an additional plant needs to be added.
This is not how inverters work. Inverter readings of grid frequency is not related with decision if it is allowed to inject more power into grid or not.
First, inverter have to be in sync with grid frequency all the time, otherwise it should shut itself down as a security measure.
Decision if it’s allowed to insert power into grid depends on its measurements of AC peak voltage. For example if it measures grid voltage at 240V, then it decides to increase this voltage to let say 250V and those additional 10V is used to transfer power into the grid.
If inverter measures grid voltage being already at 250V, then it decides that it is too high and does not increase it further. The maximum allowed voltage usually is some sort of parameter which can be changed in inverter settings and its value depends on grid operator recommendations.
In response to the post
https://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=892&cpage=876#comment-1699723
There is an advantage in powering down the NGU power production capability since availability of the NGU is based on up time status. The NGU should contain a unit that is always powered up to receive communications from the grid. But the unit that generates electrical power should only be active when power production is required. This strategy would extend the mean time between failure (MTBF) of the NGU. The “always on unit” should have the ability to activate the “power generation unit” when the grid decides that power production is called for. The always on unit function could be implemented inside the inverter and supported by the invertor /NGU communication protocol. As you suggest, the invertor could independently decide that the grid needs additional power production by monitoring grid power characteristics.
axil:
Thank you for the suggestions,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
It seems to me that the NGU should be made smart grid capable by supporting encrypted software/ firmware download protocols so that the NGU can remain current in fielding changes in the grid environment. This includes inverter control protocol command pass through between the inverter and the NGU.
The Smart Grid is capable of doing this function. The version of the NGU that is fielded onto the grid should be designed to support flexible and secure upgrades between itself and the grid over time. This capability should be provided before the NGU is placed in service on the grid. Dr Rossi should ask the grid electrical provider about adding this capability to the NGU system inside the NGU and/or in the inverter.
In order to get the NGU out into the wild fast, that dumb version of the NGU would not be capable of this smart grid support. But any NGU that supports grid connectivity should support robust two way communication capability using PLC ( Power Line Communication protocol).
How smart grid communication works as follows:
AI Question
Can communication that can load software be sent down power lines to communicate with inverters
AI Answer
Understanding Power Line Communication – HardwareBee
https://hardwarebee.com/understanding-power-line-communication/
Yes, it’s possible to send communication signals, including those that can load or update software (like firmware), through power lines to communicate with devices like inverters.
Here’s a breakdown:
1. Power Line Communication (PLC):
PLC is a technology that uses existing power lines to transmit data and signals, in addition to the electrical power itself.
This eliminates the need for separate communication cables and simplifies the process of connecting and managing devices, especially in remote or distributed locations.
2. How it works:
Data is modulated onto a carrier signal at a higher frequency than the power frequency (50/60 Hz) and superimposed onto the power line.
Receiving devices, like inverters equipped with PLC capabilities, can then demodulate the signal and extract the data.
This allows for two-way communication between a central control unit and the inverters.
3. Applications:
Smart grids: PLC is widely used in smart grids for communication with smart meters, monitoring and control of distributed generation systems (like solar power plants), and enabling demand response programs.
Home automation: PLC can be used to connect and control smart devices in a home, such as appliances, lighting, and thermostats.
Industrial automation: PLC can facilitate communication and control in industrial environments, connecting sensors, actuators, and other automation equipment.
4. Software updates via PLC:
PLC can be used to send firmware updates or new software to devices like inverters.
This allows for remote management, bug fixes, and feature enhancements of the inverters without the need for physical access.
In the context of solar inverters:
PLC can be utilized to monitor inverter performance, adjust settings, and even upload new firmware versions remotely, according to http://TI.com .
Important considerations:
Noise and Interference: Power lines are not ideal communication channels and can be subject to noise and interference from various sources, which can affect data transmission.
Bandwidth limitations: Power lines have limited bandwidth compared to dedicated communication channels, which may restrict the amount of data that can be transmitted.
Security: Security is important when transmitting data over power lines, as the communication can be intercepted.
Despite these challenges, PLC is a valuable technology for various applications, including communicating with inverters and other devices, particularly where using existing power lines for communication offers significant cost and deployment advantages.
I suggest that a company that designs and sells smart invertors be added to the NGU partnership.
If Dr. Rossi can get the smart grid design infrastructure to support his NGU system protocols, that would be a competitive advantage if any other power device entered the grid market.
To facilitate smart invertor instigation with the NGU system, I suggest that a smart invertor company that designs and sells smart invertors be added to the NGU partnership.
If Dr. Rossi can get the smart grid design infrastructure to support his NGU system protocols, that would be a competitive advantage if any other power device entered the grid market.
NGU would become the de facto standard in power production grid devices.
Dear Dr Andrea Rossi
Your last two interviews on Youtube and Ecatworld are inspiring.
Returning to the press conference after the race of Latina you said that Entropy colud give evidence of a superior Entity, or, in other words, of the existence of God. Can you explain better ?
Anonymous:
Entropy is the subject of the Third Principle of Thermodynamic, along which the disorder of a system increases constantly if a force is not applied to reverse the difference of Entropy.
Now, if the Entropy increases the disorder of a system if a force is not applied to reverse the phenomenon, the probability that in a system from a constantly increasing disorder can be born, just for a case due to billions of casual combinations, an evolution that generates extremely complex systems like humans without a creative force, just casually, are much less that the probability that pouring casually a bottle of ink billions of times on a sheet of paper sooner or later will appear on the surface of the paper sheet the first page of Melville’s Moby Dick, infinitely simpler than a human being…
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
From what I can understand, there are four organizations now involved in the commercialization of the E-Cat: Leonardo Corp, the manufacturing group, the financial fund, and the power production group.
Will a new organization with a new name be formed to bring the E-Cat to market?
Best wishes,
Frank Acland
Frank Acland:
This decision will not depend on me,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr Rossi
Let me do the devil’s lawyer.
What if the major energy provider will acquire the majority of the quotes of the society and it will decise to build ecats only for their own power centrals? Have you protected the normal people in the way that everybody will be able to purchase the units making this invention available for everybody?
Stefano:
The interest of our Partner is to produce as much units as possible: more sales, more profits.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr Andrea Rossi,
I read today your story on
http://www.ingandrearossi.com
Impressive and inspiring resiliency story.
Thank you for your hard work,
Anthony
Anthony:
Thank you for your suppport,
Warm Regards,
A.R.