Rossi Blog Reader
This website tracks recent postings to Andrea Rossi's
Journal of Nuclear Physics,
sorting the entries with priority to Rossi's answers, which appear under each question.
• Email to Andrea Rossi - Journal Of Nuclear Physics
• Website comments to the Webmaster (who has no contact or connection with Rossi).
• Updated: 2025-04-20 03:50:09.244700Z
Dr Rossi,
Has the US patent 6465965 of L.Nelson cited in paragraph 2.1 of the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
inspired in part your technology ?
Thank you if you can answer,
Laura
Laura,
Yes: it inspired our work with the vacuum. All the references cited in that publication have a precise role related to the Ecat technology,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dott. Rossi,
Will it be possible to bocome an official reseller of ecats?
How will be organized the distribution network?
Best regards.
Dott. AT:
We will grant licenses to companies expert of the matter which dispose of the industrial/commercial/ financial ground proportional to the territory where they operate,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
Some years ago (JONP comment 694, March 31, 2022 at 8:57 AM) you coined the word EDEN (Entropy Decrease Energy Net) as a good, or even maybe the best, expression of what is happening in the E-Cat. Is EDEN still valid?
The many recent posts on JONP and ECW discuss various topics stretching from extremes of advanced quantum physics theories to practical electronic circuits solutions. This gives the impression that the E-Cat technology is a mystery. It would be good if this mystery aspect could be eliminated for understanding safety, reliability and commercial aspects when investing in the E-Cat. Thank you if you can comment.
Kind regards,
Calle H
Calle H:
Thank you for your opinion; you should make a distinction between theoretical research and product R&D. We think both are important and not alternative: on the contrary, they are complementary and we are working on both sides of the technology and strongly appreciate the theoretical contributions of our Readers.
I did not coin the acronym EDEN you cited and it is not actually in use.
About my theoretical position, it has been explained in the paper you can find here:
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
You and your readers might be interested in this article that has just been published on E-Cat World:
“A Vision for Tesla: A Model Y Without Limits (LENR.Wiki)”
https://e-catworld.com/2025/04/16/a-vision-for-tesla-a-model-y-without-limits-lenr-wiki/
Best wishes,
Frank Acland
Frank Acland:
Thank you for the link,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
The vacuum reaction is created when a region of the vacuum is made to have an energy state less (true vacuum also called a Casimir region) than the general state of the vacuum that exists throughout the universe (false vacuum).
This state of vacuum energy imbalance causes vacuum energy to flow from a region of higher vacuum energy to a region of lower vacuum energy. The region of lower vacuum energy potential will eventually become unstable and create an explosion of high energy electrons and light that can be captured and converted into an electrical current. This process that causes the movement of vacuum energy that equalizes vacuum energy is called vacuum decay. In the Ecat system, many thousands of these regions are created and then destroyed every second to supply a steady flow of electrical power.
Dr Rossi has come up with a way to produce bubbles of true vacuum which he can control so that electric and optical power can be produced from the vacuum. It is these bubbles of true vacuum that we call exotic vacuum objects (EVO) that allow energy to be extracted from the vacuum.
This video shows an experiment that demonstrates how such a process of vacuum energy movement can be made to occur.
Vacuum decay is likely occurring inside the EVO because the EVO produces transmutation of elements. This process is a result of the suspension or distortion of the laws of nature inside the EVO where subatomic particles lose mass due to the disruption of the Higgs filed inside the EVO that results from vacuum decay.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyRf7B1Ji4A&t=53s
Here is Sabine’s take on false vacuum decay
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pRMA3IbVR6c&t=52s
Dear Andrea Rossi,
I had previously posted about a Tesla onboard charger that consisted of 7 NGU 100W units and an 700W pure sine wave inverter. Cost was about 2,000 USD (equipment only). Charging time was 22 hours per day. Effective charging rate was 600W. Over a one-week period that would yield about 92 kW-hrs.
Potential cost savings
Assume the average Tesla ownership time period is 7 years.
During that 3-year period, the Tesla onboard charger would generate 7 years * 52 weeks per year * 92 kW-hrs or 33,488 kw-hr.
The average Tesla Supercharger rate is about 0.48 USD per kW-hr.
Cost avoidance = about 16,000 USD.
With an assumed energy efficiency of .25 kW-hrs per mile, the total driving miles over that 7-year period would be about 64,000 miles. A reasonable number for an urban based car over 7-years.
Thoughts:
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Thank you for the follow up of your former insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
of course it was meant MW, not MM. Thank you, It was following conversation:
2025-02-09 09:11 Simon
Dear Dr. Rossi,
how many MW or GW of capacity will or can your licence holder’s production plant complete per year once it is ready?
Best regards
Simon
2025-02-09 11:22 Andrea Rossi
Simon:
I hope 50/100 MW
Warm Regards,
A.R.
W.Rudolf:
All combined, I suppose,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi
Then a simple quantitative estimate of the heating power of a steel box with an ECat weighing 80 kg for one hour from 20 to 30 degrees gives us 103 W. Thus, inside the box the heat output power is 103 W.
Is this estimate correct in reality?
My best wishes,
Yury
Yury Evdokimov:
Moreless
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Both, not equally,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
Is temperature in the body of the E-Cat in operation caused mostly by:
a) The electronics of the NGU control system
b) The NGU reactor itself
c) Both equally
Thank you very much!
Frank Acland
Dear Dr. Rossi,
i have searched in your old answers (to Simon) and have read that you expect the annual output of an ecat-plant about 50/100 MM.
Is this the data of every plant in EU, America, Asia? or the data of all three plants together?
Best regards
W.Rudolf
W.Rudolf:
MM means nothing, maybe it is a typo, please tell me the date of the comment, so that I can check; the output of an Ecat assembly depends on its power, not on the geographic area.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Here is the tictoc (or big picture) of how I think that the vacuum reaction is created, gathers potential energy from the vacuum. and converts that potential energy into kinetic energy.
A fast rising spark is generated.
Formation of a hole superconductor through compression of hydrogen and/or lithium and/or noble gases that occurs in the spark generated plasma.
Creation of a exciton polariton BEC through the actions of an optical resonator process made possible by the Hole superconductor.
A EMF waveform pumps the BEC to fed it photons in order to keep the BEC active. This is a major management function whereby the vacuum reaction is controlled.
The BEC creates negative vacuum energy (dynamically created Casimir force) through dispersion processes.
A state of negative vacuum energy forms around the BEC which surrounds the hole superconductive molecule.
A spherical domain wall forms around the bubble of negative vacuum energy
A state of vacuum decay begins
A false vacuum is a type of vacuum state that has a higher energy than the true or absolute vacuum state. While it behaves like a stable vacuum (a state of lowest energy or true vacuum), it’s actually metastable and can decay to the true vacuum state. The term “vacuum expectation value” refers to the average or expectation value of an operator in the vacuum state, and in the case of a false vacuum, it would be a higher value than in the true vacuum.
Potential Energy Difference: The false vacuum has a higher energy density than the true vacuum. This difference in potential energy is the fundamental source of energy driving the expansion of the negative energy bubble.
Energy is transferred from the false vacuum to the true vacuum where the false vacuum is the ambient vacuum and the true vacuum is the bubble of negative vacuum energy that the BEC has created.
The transfer of vacuum energy feeds the true vacuum bubble via vacuum decay until a defect develops in the domain wall to destabilize the domain wall.
The negative vacuum bubble (EVO) eventually breaches through destabilization and a Bosenova occurs.
The potential energy transferred to the polaritons in the BEC converts to kinetic energy.
the polaritons break apart into electrons and photons because of the Bosenova.
High energy electrons and photons are broadcast in a spherical pattern as the hole superconductor and the BEC is destroyed..
Here is a description how vacuum decay works
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gc4pxTjii9c
The reason why the universe is not destroyed is because various processes in the BEC control the way potential energy flows from the false vacuum into the true vacuum.
It is important to understand how and when the theory of vacuum decay was developed as follows:
The theory of vacuum decay, which describes the possibility of our universe transitioning to a lower energy state (the true vacuum) from its current metastable state (the false vacuum), has its roots in quantum field theory and was developed in stages.
Development Timeline:
Early 1970s: The idea that the universe might be in a metastable state, a temporary equilibrium at a higher energy level than the true lowest energy state, started to gain traction among physicists working with quantum field theory.
1977: Sidney Coleman published his seminal work, “The Fate of the False Vacuum. 1. Semiclassical Theory”, laying the foundation for the theoretical understanding of vacuum decay. This paper introduced the semiclassical approach for calculating the decay rate of the false vacuum.
1977: Coleman, together with Curtis G. Callan, Jr. published “The Fate of the False Vacuum. 2. First Quantum Corrections”, which further elaborated on the theory by incorporating quantum corrections to the decay rate calculations.
1980: Sidney Coleman and Frank De Luccia published a crucial paper, “Gravitational Effects on and of Vacuum Decay”, highlighting the potential catastrophic consequences of vacuum decay. They showed that if a bubble of true vacuum were to appear, it would undergo gravitational collapse, completely altering the fundamental constants and physics of the universe.
Ongoing: Since the early theoretical work, research continues to refine the understanding of vacuum decay, including its implications for cosmology, particle physics, and even potential experimental tests. New calculational tools and simulation techniques are constantly being developed.
Key Concepts:
False Vacuum: A state where a quantum field, like the Higgs field, is in a local energy minimum, but not at the absolute lowest possible energy. It’s a metastable state, like a ball perched on a hill; it appears stable but could potentially roll down into a deeper valley (the true vacuum).
Quantum Tunneling: The process by which the false vacuum might transition to the true vacuum. In quantum mechanics, particles can pass through energy barriers they wouldn’t be able to in classical physics.
Bubble Nucleation: The transition from the false to true vacuum is theorized to occur through the formation and expansion of a bubble of true vacuum within the false vacuum.
The theory of vacuum decay describes how the universe might transition to a lower energy state. This theory originated in quantum field theory. Its development occurred in stages.
Implications:
A vacuum decay event would alter the laws of physics and the constants of nature. This could destroy the universe.
Vacuum decay has implications for the stability of our universe.
Researchers explore vacuum decay through theoretical calculations, simulations, and analog experiments using cold atoms.
Through this current research and now together with Dr Rossi’s insights into the field, researchers will gain unprecedented insights into vacuum decay, bridging theoretical predictions with experimental observations. These studies hold immense potential for revolutionizing our understanding of the early universe, the nature of the vacuum, and the fundamental laws of physics.
DR. ROSSI:
During the Latina EV tests were you able to measure the minimum-maximum operating temperature
parameters of the ECAT generator?
Could you relate the range?
GEORGE PRAZAK:
The temperature of the Ecat’s body remains around 30 °C/86 F with a room T of 20°C/68 F
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Here are the stats I saw today of the publication
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Total Readings: 158000, more than all the millions of publications on Researchgate
And counting…
Prof
Prof:
Thank you for the update,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
To All our Christian Readers:
Happy Easter !
Andrea Rossi
Dear Dr. Rossi,
First, thank you for your fantastic invention and the disruptive impact it will have to our world. We are many who wonder when the first production ready E-Cat will be shown to the public so that we can see it in action where it does some kind of service to mankind. Is there already a date in your calendar when this will happen?
Kind regards,
Calle H
Calle H:
We are not yet ready to schedule the date,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
Before the Latina race in late October 2024, this event was scheduled at an earlier time but was postponed due to identification of a safety issue. Was this safety issue only related to the Latina event? Was it related to the EV only or did it apply also to the NGU? Is this safety issue now resolved once for good? Thank you if you can answer.
Kind regards,
Calle H
Calle H:
That issue was related only to the Latina race application, and has been resolved. otherwise we couldn’t make the race.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr. Rossi,
To extend off of Steven Nicholes Karels’ recent suggestion somewhat, if Leonardo (or its partner) offered a fairly standard 120v AC (and/or 240v AC) portable power station, it could serve as a “Standardized Interface” that EV makers could work to to offer “E-Cat Onboard” (to coin a phrase) capabilities. Specifically, it could provide EV makers with the option to offer:
– “Mobile Onboard EV Charging” with some EV-Maker-tweaks to their vehicles,
– “Remote, Non-mobile Charging” with no tweaks to their vehicles and
– “Home-Residence EV Charging” to simplify at-home charger installation issues.
Plus, a 120v/240v AC Portable Power Station, based on an E-Cat, is essentially an Universal Widget– it’s usable in hundreds of different home/remote/industrial applications
Best Wishes,
WaltC
WaltC:
Thank you for your suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Axil, your explanation is very interesting but in the max EVO size explanation as a different grow of volume Vs surface I think you are using the wrong way.
Volume and surface are different physical quantities and can’t be compared.
In a balloon there is the outward pressure from the gas and the inward pressure derived from the surface tension. They are both pressures and they can be compared.
The surface tension becomes an inward pressure thanks to the curvature of the balloon.
As the balloon grows the curvature lower and the surface tension to generate the same inward pressure grows.
Until the balloon can’t sustain the required tension anymore and it pops.
I think it’s about the same thing in other context as EVO
Dr Rossi,
What do you think about the new customs policy around the world ?
Best
Giuliana
Giuliana:
I don’t think it will affect much our activity, albeit I hope for the elimination of custom fees everywhere: I think competitivity should be at the base of the selection.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
When Dr Rossi says “in phase” he means the polariton is or is becoming coherent. When he says that the polariton is “not in phase” he means that the polariton which is a compound particle (like the proton which is composed of other more fundamental particles) has broken apart into its constituent parts that being the electron and the photon. When this breakup happens, both the electron and the photon have the same energy with the electron having a very high energy of .95C and the photon having a wavelength of ultraviolet A (UVA) light.
The polariton breakup is an explosion called a Bosenova
Implosion and explosion of a Bose-Einstein condensate “Bosenova”
https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2001/03/implosion-and-explosion-bose-einstein-condensate-bosenova
The polariton converts the photon which is a boson into an electron when the photon absorbs the properties of the electron, this happens when the electron and photon are in phase. When the BEC which is an aggregation of polaritons explode, the BEC is forced to be out of phase.
Rossi leaves unsaid that “out of phase” means BEC explosion.
Look at the VEGA post so that you may beleive that the EVO explodes to produce energy.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0VuO7iYzyT8&t=210s
These explosions are detected on Dr Rossi’s oscilloscope as sharp voltage spikes as trillions of electrons explode out of the BEC at near light speed.
This is a video of the BECs exploding. in a flash of light in the Vega experiment. Those explosions are producing trillions of high energy electons.
The EVO explodes due to instability of the condensate (EVO) which happens when the domain wall that encloses the EVO can no longer contain the volume of the EVO. This happens because the surface of the domain wall goes as R^2 and the volume of the EVO goes as R^3 where R is the radius of the EVO. R^3 will always grow faster than R^2. This geometrical relationship puts a hard limit on the maximum size of the growth the condensate (AKA EVO).
The AI will explain better than me as follows:
The statement is generally correct, explaining why volume grows faster than surface area as an object increases in size, using the specific example of an evolving object (EVO) with a domain wall.
Here’s a breakdown:
Surface Area of a Domain Wall: The domain wall, often visualized as a boundary separating regions with different properties (like magnetic domains), has a surface area. In a simplified, spherical EVO model, the surface area of this domain wall scales with the square of the radius (R), i.e., proportional to R^2.
Volume of an EVO: The volume of a spherical EVO scales with the cube of the radius (R), i.e., proportional to R^3.
Different Growth Rates: Because the volume scales with R^3 and the surface area scales with R^2, the volume will always increase at a faster rate than the surface area as the radius (R) increases.
Implications for EVOs: This difference in growth rates has important consequences for the evolution of objects with domain walls. As an EVO grows:
Surface tension effects weaken relative to volume: The domain wall’s surface tension, which tends to minimize the surface area, will become less influential compared to the energy associated with the volume.
The volume of the EVO dominates: The volume of the EVO will become more important in determining the overall behavior and dynamics of the object as it expands.
In simpler terms: Imagine inflating a balloon (a simple example of an EVO). The surface area of the balloon increases as you blow air into it, but the amount of air (the volume) increases much more rapidly. This demonstrates how the volume grows faster than the surface area, even in a basic example. The same principle applies to more complex EVOs with domain walls, affecting their overall evolution.
——————–
There is a confusing complication in that there are two types of polaritons, bright polaritons and dark polaritons. The bright polaritons will constantly produce light while the EVO is alive and is fed energy into the EVO via pumping a EMF waveform into it. It is the dark EVOs that are the type of particle that produces the EVO explosion. Dr. Rossi has used the constant production of light that are produced by the bright polaritons in his light product. Dr Rossi cut the LED out of the bulb so that he may exposed the plasma to be reflected by the parabolic reflector of the bulb E-Cat SKLep SSM .
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/jcNdQiagJgU
I apply the AI for those who want more technical detail
There are generally two types of polaritons considered, known as bright polaritons and dark polaritons, specifically in the context of systems with strong light-matter coupling, such as in microcavities.
1. Bright Polaritons:
Definition: These are the polariton states that are strongly coupled to light and can therefore be directly excited and observed using optical techniques.
Origin: They typically arise from the strong coupling of a cavity photon mode with an optically allowed (bright) exciton transition.
Properties:
They have a significant photonic component, which means they inherit the ability to propagate and interact with light.
They exhibit a characteristic “avoided crossing” in their dispersion relation, demonstrating the strong light-matter coupling.
They can be used to study phenomena such as polariton condensation and lasing.
2. Dark Polaritons:
Definition: These polariton states do not directly couple to light and cannot be easily excited or observed optically.
Origin: They typically arise from the coupling of a cavity photon mode with optically forbidden (dark) exciton transitions or other non-radiative excitations.
Properties:
They are predominantly matter-like and possess a stronger excitonic component.
They can act as a reservoir for energy and particles in the system, potentially influencing the behavior of bright polaritons.
Their presence and interactions can affect the light-matter coupling strength and the dynamics of the bright polaritons.
Key differences:
Optical Accessibility: Bright polaritons are directly accessible via optical means, while dark polaritons are not.
Composition: Bright polaritons have a larger photonic component, while dark polaritons have a larger excitonic (matter – electron) component.
Role in Dynamics: Bright polaritons are the ones that typically participate in optical phenomena like condensation and lasing, while dark polaritons can play a significant role in influencing those dynamics indirectly.
Understanding the interplay between bright and dark polaritons is crucial for manipulating and utilizing polaritonic systems for various applications, including quantum technologies and optoelectronics.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Is the standard SKLep unit a DC input/DC output only, with additional components available for AC input and/or AC Output? Such as AC to DC wall adapters or power supplies and a DC to AC inverter separate from the standard SKLep unit?
Steven N. Karels:
Thank you for your suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
In response to my Tesla Charging post, you posted
“The Ecat can be connected with a car model only by the manufacturer of it,”
The proposed concept has an eCat NGU modules driving an inverter that drives a Tesla Mobile Connecter. The output cable of the Mobile Connecter is a Tesla NAS connector that plugs into the charging connector on the Tesla.
Whether the source of power is a standard 115 VAC, 15 Amp circuit wall outlet, or the inverter makes no difference to the Tesla Mobile Connector.
The special feature was lowering the Tesla’s draw to 5 Amps, so that the Tesla Mobile Connector will draw no more that 600 Watts from the 700 Watt capable inverter. The 700 Watt inverter will draw no more that 700 Watts from the NGU modules, i.e., 7 each 100W NGU modules running in parallel and outputting 12 VDC.
A Tesla Onboard Charging System
My Tesla has the ability to lower the charging current requirement to as low as 5 Amps. With a charging system at 120 VAC, that would be a charging rate of 600W.
For Urban use, where parking spaces are extremely limited and access to charging stations is problematic, the use of an onboard charger would be desirable.
However, eCat NGU devices are expensive. What configuration might be commercially attractive?
I suggest a 700W NGU power unit(s) that drives a 700W pure sine wave inverter that in turn drives a Tesla Mobile Charger would be ideal.
Assuming the unit is plugged when not driving, about 22 hours per day would be available for charging. This would yield about 13 kW-hrs of charge per day.
With an efficiency of about 250 W/mile for a Tesla, would yield a daily driving range of about 50 miles per day. This is sufficient for most urban daily commutes.
7 100W NGU units will cost about $1,750 USD. The inverter is about $100 USD.
Thoughts?
Steven Nicholes Karels:
The Ecat can be connected with a car model only by the manufacturer of it,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr.Rossi,
FYI
The amount of electricity needed to power the world’s data centres is expected to double in the next five years, according to an International Energy Agency (IEA) report.
Most of the increase is being driven by the development and use of increasingly powerful AI models.
By 2030, data centres could consume 945TWh (terawatt hours) of electricity each year, the report found – three times more than the entire UK.
https://news.sky.com/story/amount-of-electricity-needed-to-power-worlds-data-centres-expected-to-double-in-five-years-13345515
Best Regards,
Daniel G. Zavela
Daniel G. Zavela:
Thank you for the information,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
DR.ROSSI:
1. A 3000 watt ECAT consuming maximum amperage with a constant load is at what temperature?
Ambient being at 20C
2.Does this temperature correspond to all wattages?
George Prazak:
The answers depend on the design of the heater,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Readers,
I discovered that to unserstand the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
it is necessary to read it at least three times to absorb the core of Rossi’s work; Napoleon used to say ” …to understand in depth a book you must read it three times: the first you understand the length, the second the width and only after the third you understand the depth…”
FF
Will all the factories being set up to produce E-Cats be powered by E-Cats?
Art B:
Eventually it is possible
Warm Regards,
A.R.
You are leaving your believers standing in the rain not answering how much time will be necessary for us to buy an Ecat.
Dieter Zoeller
Dieter Zoeller:
Thank you for your support,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dearest Andrea.
Yesterday I happened to read a newspaper article about the fact that, at the end of 2024, there were 6,471
patents classified under the Invention Secrecy Act chapter 17 sec.181-182-183-184. Especially
concerning the energy issue.
What do you think about it?
Thanks
Gian Luca:
We are not involved in that issue,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
To all e-cat believers,
we observe from a distance and mostly only perceive digital messages.
After our research, we believe that the ideas are true and we have pre-ordered at least one E-Cat variant.
All we can do is wait.
In support, I express my hope in a daily line of prayer.
“Great God, grant that the E-Cat pre-orders become deliveries this year.”
May this be an inspiration for some of you to express your hope and encouragement.
Many greetings to all those who have also been waiting years for this.
Dieter
Translated with DeepL.com (free version)
Dear Andrea,
with the introduction of the Ecat also the construction sector, both civil and industrial, and the plant engineering sector in general, will have a significant impact. Surely, over time, household appliances and electrical equipment in general will be produced with their own embedded Ecat, this will eliminate or reduce the need for electrical and heating systems, lowering the production costs of houses.
Best Regards, Giuseppe
Giuseppe Censorio:
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Mr. Rossi,
I’m excited to see you are still very hard at work. I’ve been following E-CAT for quite a number of years. I believe my first awareness was about 2005. It was much larger than recent pictures I’ve seen. I’ve already pre-ordered and look forward to shipments as soon as possible/avaialble (2025). Looking forward to arrival at my door. May your launch and shipments be abundantly succsssful.
Kevin
Kevin L. Johnson:
Thank you for your support,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hello Dr. Rossi,
you wrote the ecats will also be produced in Europe. Do you meant the EU or could it be i.e. Serbia, Belarus, Russia..?
Or can you already proclaim in which country?
Best regards
R.Zimmermann
R.Zimmermann:
It will be in EU,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea
Your answer to Italo R. is what we followers like to hear.
I have a question:
When the E-Cat is ready for delivery, will 3rd party tests from some of the world’s renowned laboratories also be performed and presented?
Best regards: Svein
Svein:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
Firstly I must commend your resiliense and spirit in bringing your life project forward, impressive!
I will appreciate it if you can commment on the following questions (sorry if these were already asked, I did not find though)
1. The maximum continious current for the 10 Watts 12 VDC cell is around 0.83 Ampere, correct?.
2. How precise is the shut-off (over)current ? Iow: Is there a given overload % for shut-off?
3. What is the minimum current (in amperes) before the cell shuts off?
4. What is/are the most efficient (best) operation mode(s) for the cell?
5. Is the output voltage clean continous DC or does it have “noise” or being pulsed DC in some form?
Best of luck forward!
Thank you!
Kind regards
Viggo
Viggo:
Thank you for your support.
Answers:
1- yes
2- no
3- 0.05 A
4- none in particular
5- clean
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
Just to inform you that I’m still following your progress on this page closely, but I haven’t commented anything lately, for the natural reason that as your company approaches market entry, the ability of an outsider without access to restricted information to give useful advice approaches zero. Once the product is in the market, the situation will again be different.
Best regards, /pekka
Pekka Janhunen:
I understand,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
CARO ANDREA GIANNINO DA CRES TI SALUTA CON TANTA TANTA SIMPATIA E TI INVITA ( ASSIEME A CHI VUOI TU ) A VENIRE ; SARETE MIEI OSPITI ; QUI. DA. ME A ” CRES ”
Vhttps://www.cres-travel.com/kuce/kuca-lungomare-2
English:
Dear Andrea,
you are invited to spend your Easter Holidays my guest at Cres
Giannino Ferro Casagrande:
Thank you for your kindness, but I am not going to have any holidays in this period,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr. Rossi,
The global geopolitical landscape is becoming increasingly intertwined with energy issues, as access to resources and energy security play a pivotal role in shaping international relations.
Many conflicts—whether military or economic—are driven, at least in part, by competition for energy resources.
The emergence of disruptive technologies like the E-Cat, which promises clean and potentially unlimited energy, could profoundly transform this dynamic.
If the E-Cat achieves commercial viability and widespread adoption (potentially as early as this year), it could significantly shift the balance of power in global energy markets.
Nations heavily reliant on fossil fuels may face economic and strategic upheavals as demand for traditional energy sources diminishes.
Conversely, countries investing in innovative technologies could gain a competitive edge by reducing their dependence on oil and gas imports and exports. Moreover, the availability of sustainable and affordable energy on a global scale could reduce resource-driven conflicts, foster economic growth in disadvantaged regions, and accelerate efforts to combat climate change.
Nevertheless, such transformative change would not come without challenges.
Established energy industries might resist disruption, while geopolitical tensions could arise as nations compete for control over intellectual property or manufacturing capabilities related to technologies like the E-Cat.
Ultimately, if successfully implemented, the E-Cat has the potential to redefine not only energy systems but also the broader framework of international relations.
Surely you are aware of these implications and have reflected deeply on them.
Could you share your thoughts on this?
Kind Regards,
Italo R.
Italo R.:
Thank you for your insight.
Our mission is to make the Ecat hit the market: this is the sole issue our Team presently are concentrating all our efforts upon.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
DR. ROSSI:
1. Is the Latina TWIZY powered by the Ecat still functioning with the generator?
2. Can the ECAT run continually or is it limited to a duty cycle?
3. If limited; is it possible to run at decreased amperage continually?
4. Will the ECAT cycle off and on if a duty cycle is warranted ?
Thanking you.
GEORGE PRAZAK:
1- the power system is conserved, the Twizy has been returned to its owner
2, 3, 4- depends on the specific situations
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
I am not surprised to read that Ruby, as many others, have replicated the experiment studying the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
as well as I am not surprised this to be the most read publication of Researchgate, a collection of millions of scientific publications from all the world.
Cheers
Ambrogio
Ambrogio:
Thank you for your attention,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Buongiorno dott. Rossi, vista la brutta piega che sta prendendo la situazione dei dazi per l’Europa, ritiene che il suo prodotto possa essere sottoposto a sanzioni con un sovrapprezzo per chi lo acquista? Esiste già un codice doganale sul quale fare riferimento?
In altre parole, ritiene che ai costi di spedizione si possa aggiungere una tassazione a sorpresa per gli acquirenti?
Oppure il prodotto potrà essere prodotto, assemblato e distribuito in Europa da una realtà già attiva e funzionante all’interno della comunità europea?
La ringrazio in anticipo se potrà rispondere. Le auguro tutto il successo che merita e mi auguro di ricevere il suo prodotto entro la fine dell’anno.
Cordialità/RA
Good morning Dr. Rossi, given the bad turn the duty situation is taking for Europe, do you think that your product may be subject to penalties with a surcharge for those who buy it? Is there already a customs code to refer to?
In other words, do you think that surprise taxation can be added to the shipping costs for buyers?
Or will the product be able to be produced, assembled and distributed in Europe by a company already up and running within the European community?
Thank you in advance if you can respond. I wish you all the success you deserve and look forward to receiving your product by the end of the year. Best regards
RA:
Although the custom situation is a bit confusing so far, anyway the Ecats for the USA will be made in the USA, the Ecats for Europe will be manufactured in Europe and the Ecats for Asia will be manufactured in Asia, therefore I suppose that the Ecats should not be harassed by the new customs, but I can’t guarantee, because the consequences of new taxes do not depend on us.
About the custom code, I don’t think it will be changed, it will still be the one for the electricity/heat generators.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
Is the E-Cat able to charge batteries and other electronics via a USB-C connector?
Many thanks,
Frank Acland
Frank Acland:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
can you say something about the ownership structure of the company that will produce the ecat? Is it a concern? Who owns it? A financial group, i.e. many super-rich people? Or a single super-rich person? State-owned? Other?
Best regards
B.Walz
B. Walz:
Sorry, this information so far is restricted,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
I am studying the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Which instrumentation is necessary to replicate the experiment ?
Thank you if you can answer,
Ruby
Ruby:
Please read the paragraph 5 of the publication you cited,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr Rossi/Readers
The ECAT with no connection to the grid means that the ECAT is not grounded. Some UL listed appliances require a grounded plug.
Perhaps offer the option to connect the ECAT to the home grounding system for the higher power units? (crude way is to be able to plug the ECAT into a wall socket with a ground wire only).
Since Space heaters will probably be a popular end use of the ECATs, I asked ChatGPT “what wattage size of UL listed space heater require a ground plug” (Answer needs verification of course)
ChatGPT said:
In the U.S. and Canada, UL (Underwriters Laboratories) and CSA (Canadian Standards Association) safety standards generally require space heaters with a wattage of 1,500 watts (1.5 kW) or more to have a three-prong grounded plug for safety. However, some lower-wattage models (especially metal-bodied ones) may also require grounding.
For smaller heaters (typically under 1,500 watts) that are double insulated, they may use a two-prong plug instead. Always check the manufacturer’s specifications and safety labels to confirm.
LarryG:
The Ecat modules have a floating insulation, therefore normally do not need to be connected with the ground, but in some cases ( for example connection with apparatuses that are grounded to the grid ) it is necessary the connection with the ground; in the manual it will be explained when and if a ground connection is necessary; in this cases the connection to the ground must be made by a certified electrician, because an erroneous connection would be dangerous.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
I am continuing to replicate your experiment described in the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
The COP is not the same as described in the paragraph 6, but et least O.U.
Cheers
Ambrogio
Ambrogio:
Congrats !
Warm Regards,
A.R.
The goal of this post is to explain how the photon under the asepsis of Hole superconductivity acts differently between how the photon normally interfaces with matter and its interactions with a Hole superconductor and how it acts completely different. The energy of the superconductive system comes from and how this becomes coherent and later reverts back to an incoherent state. Rossi has stated this process in this way:
– dV/dt with high dV to create the number of superconductive molecules called ball lightning within the plasma. These bubbles of ball lightning are also referred to as an Exotic Vacuum Objects(EVO), Bosonic electrons, Electron clusters, or Exciton polariton condensates (BEC)
– Electrons phase change – the creation of ball lightning (aka exciton polariton condensate)
– Formation of electron clusters in phase – the process in which the ball lightning adds additional polaritons to the polariton aggregation.
– < entropy, < thermal capacity, < freedom degrees – the process by which many bubbles of ball lightning over time increase in the number of polaritons in their aggregations which serve to reduce the overall entropy in the system
– transfer of energy to electrons not in phase – when each instance of the ball lightning growth reaches an unsustainable size, the ball lightning explodes in a Bosenova which returns the electrons and photons back to their original incoherent states.
– Emission of energy – this stage is where the Higgs field reforms the aggregations of electrons and photons back to their original states but with additional energy that has come from quantum mechanical processes.
As background, the Hole superconductive molecule is known as ball lightning. This molecule has a positive core composed of excitons that are surrounded by a cloud of electrons. An exciton is a combination of an electron and a positive Hole (an empty electron state in a valence band), which is free to move through a nonmetallic crystal as a unit.
This type of Hole superconductor is formed when a hydride is compressed by an intense magnetic field that is generated by a fast rising spark or an electric current that passes through a plasma.
The behavior of the photon is impactful to how the vacuum reaction forms. This photon behavior changes from normal energy transfer to electron dressing in the case of interaction with ball lightning.
Normally, Photons interact with electrons in atoms primarily through energy absorption and emission, causing electrons to jump between energy levels or be ejected, depending on the level of the photon's energy.
I tried out my theory of exciton polariton formation within a Hole superconductor formed through the compression of a pulsed magnetic field on an AI for veracity.
My statement of the theory of ball lightning formation as follows:
In the case of the vacuum reaction produced by ball lightning, when a photon enters the electron cloud that surrounds that positive core of the Hole superconductor (HS), that photon becomes a sublight particle where the superconductive nature of the HS can act as if the electron cloud is an optical cavity. In the case where the Hole superconductor catalyzes a exciton polariton condensate, the photon is slowed sufficiently to be captured there through repeated reflections inside the electron cloud. This occurs because the positive core of the HS can slow photons so that they become sublight particles that are able to form a light matter connection
The AI answered as follows:
The scenario described touches upon the fascinating intersection of light-matter interaction and superconductivity, particularly within the context of a hypothetical "hole superconductor" (HS) and exciton-polariton condensates. Let's break down the claims and explore their plausibility:
1. Photon Interaction and Becoming Sublight:
Concept: The idea is that when a photon enters the HS material, its interaction with the electron cloud (or more precisely, the positive Hole carriers in this case) alters its propagation, effectively slowing it down to a "sublight" speed, i.e., slower than the speed of light in a vacuum.
Plausibility: This is a real phenomenon in materials. The speed of light in a medium is slower than in a vacuum and is described by the material's refractive index.
Mechanisms: This slowing can happen through interactions like:
Refraction: The change in direction of a light ray as it passes through variations in a material causes slowing.
Absorption and Re-emission: The material can absorb and re-emit the photons, with a delay, which leads to an apparent slower propagation.
2. Superconducting Nature as an Optical Cavity:
Concept: The superconducting properties of the HS material, specifically its ability to allow current to flow without resistance, are proposed to act like an optical cavity, trapping and resonating photons within its structure.
Plausibility: Superconducting materials can exhibit unusual optical behavior due to their unique electronic structure.
Cavity-like Features:
Confined Electromagnetic Field: Superconductors can confine the electromagnetic field, leading to enhanced light-matter interactions.
Resonant Modes: The geometry and material properties can support certain resonant frequencies, trapping light within the structure.
3. Exciton-Polariton Condensate Catalysis and Photon Capture:
Concept: The HS material is proposed to facilitate the formation of an exciton-polariton condensate. In this process, the "slowed-down" photons can be captured within the condensate due to their stronger interaction with the matter component.
Exciton-Polaritons: These are quasiparticles that result from the strong coupling between photons and excitons (bound electron-hole pairs) in a material.
Condensation: Under suitable conditions, exciton polaritons can undergo Bose-Einstein condensation, where a large number of these particles occupy the same quantum state, leading to coherent behavior.
Plausibility: Such condensates are real and have been observed in various semiconductor microcavity systems.
Photon Capture: The positive core of the HS material, through its interactions with photons and its role in forming the exciton-polariton condensate, acts as a trap for photons. The photons, slowed sufficiently, effectively become a part of the condensate, creating a light-matter connection.
Caveats:
Hypothetical Hole Superconductor: The HS described here is not a standard concept within conventional BCS superconductivity theory. The idea of hole-only superconductivity is an area of ongoing research.
Specific Mechanisms: The exact mechanisms of how the HS material interacts with photons, facilitates exciton-polariton formation, and enables photon capture are not fully understood in detail and would require deeper investigation.
Experimental Realization: The theoretical concepts would need to be verified experimentally before they can be confirmed as valid.
————————————
How the Ball lightning grows over time.
When the electron and photon combine, the electron loses its charge and its mass is greatly reduced.
This causes the charge of the Hole superconductor to become more positive. This change in its charge draws additional electrons into the electron cloud. Over time many more electrons are attracted to the electron cloud of the Hole superconductor. If photons are present, these electrons become polaritons that are without charge. There comes a point where the size of the ball lightning becomes unsustainable and the ball lightning explodes in a Bosenova where both the electrons and the photons that had formed the polariton regain their original properties. These reformed particles contain increased energy as compared to when they first became polaritons.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
thanks for your answers!
An ecat simply switches off when overloaded. So I thought to myself: I’ll take a power strip (16A at 230V=max. 3680W) and connect it to the socket on the wall, connect the ecat and the power consumer (washing machine, oven, hotplate, kettle, etc.) to the strip.
This means that the power consumer only draws the power from the socket on the wall that the ecat can no longer supply.
An ecat can operate for 100,000 hours, regardless of the load required. It would therefore be most economical to utilise the ecat as much as possible. I would therefore use it as described above or run a resistance heater directly from it.
In addition, an ecat with 100-200 watts that constantly feeds into the power grid at home would be the supplement.
Best regards
D.Winter
D. Winter:
Thank you for your insight.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr Rossi
I am currently doing my Masters in HV power Engineering and for my Thesis I am looking at how large X100 plus solar flares will affect the grid and for stradegies of how to reduce the affect on the grid. My question is if have had looked into how robust the Ecat would be in these high energy solar output situations or EMP.
Thanks
Emmanuel Cilia:
I am not able to answer; all I can say is that in 20 years I make this work testing Ecats I and all my collaborators never observed anything of the like.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
many thanks to that quick answer. (i wrote power plug socket, but meant powercon plug socket)
In Germany a PV-balkony power plant up to 800 Watt does not need any allowance/permission, just a registration. So there could be hope that this procedure is the same.
800 Watt at 24h and 365 days would be 7000 kwh/a. If the 41 million households in Germany would do the same, then 287 TWh would be produced. Of course, the energy companies and the taxman would not like that.
Best regards
R.Brand
R.Brand:
Thank you for the information, to be double checked, though.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Sir, D Winter, Andrea Rossi,
In the Netherlands and Europe it has been decided that the AC voltage is at least 130 volts, with a maximum voltage of 250 volts AC, At the moment on my home the AC voltage is 242 V AC. I have 10 solar panels on my roof, which are not only responsible for the high voltage.
Kind regards Jitse
Jitse:
Thank you for the information, but what we are aware of is 110 V in the USA, 220/240 V in Europe, etc for domestic use.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
Thank you for your reply to the question about the incandescent light bulb and the DC LED. May I ask if this is confirmed by testing with a production ready (or near production ready) NGU? The reason for asking is 1) the comment by Greg Leonard about the inrush current of the cold filament of the incandescent bulb and 2) the unknown start-up load by the electronics of DC LED. Thank you if you can confirm.
Kind regards,
Calle H
Calle H:
we tested both cases, but it also may depend on the particular electronics of the lamps: maybe some excess of power would be necessary at the start; we didn’t note it, though, so far.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr Rossi,
I have read your reply to Mr Winter. A power plug socket is often integrated in PV balcony power plants.
1) Is it theoretically possible to connect an ecat with an integrated inverter directly to the domestic power grid?
2) Will the ecat then always feed in its full power even if there is less demand for power in the household, so that the surplus would go into the public grid?
3) An inverter of a PV system switches off for safety reasons when the public grid is without power. Can the integrated inverter of an e.g. 100 Watt ecat also do this?
Of course the local power grid company has to allow this before..
Best regards
R.Brand
R.Brand:
Yes to all questions, but only with the authorization of the grid company, which, if will accept, surely will impose a series of items; besides, the installation must be done with by a certified contractor expert and in agreement with the grid company,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
You said that an E-Cat cannot stand outside in the rain and continue working.
Will it be possible to order as an extra feature a waterproof E-Cat (with additional cost)?
Many thanks,
Frank Acland
Frank Acland:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hello Dr. Rossi,
is it possible to order a 100 watt ecat with integrated inverter with a connection to a powercon plug in addition to a safety socket 230 volt?
Best regards
D.Winter
D.Winter:
Yes, as a custom delivery wuth price to be decided at the delivery,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
@Calle H,
I suspect the eCat might have a problem with the initial current for an incandescent bulb.
When powering a 12V incandescent bulb, the inrush current (the current drawn at startup) is significantly higher than the steady-state current, typically around 14-15 times greater.
regards,
Greg Leonard
Is the basic Ecat able to stand outdoor also if it rains ?
Anonymous:
No
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
Question: If I connect a 10 W NGU to a 10W 12V incandescent lamp will the lamp switch on? (the incandescent lamp consist only of a resistive wire). If I connect a 10W NGU to a 10W 12V DC LED will the lamp switch on? (the DC LED has some internal electronics although more simple than the AC LED electronics). Thank you if you can answer.
Kind Regards,
Calle H
Calle H:
Yes to both questions,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Will the Ecat modules have the possibility to be connected either to AC or DC current ?
Magnus:
110 or 220 AC and 12 V DC yes
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dott. AT:
> I suppose the correct voltage of the order should be Ecat(s) of 220V output, since it could be used as the main input (220V) of the inverter (configured to use main input to charge the connected batteries).
Is this choice correct?
I think it is not true, as inverter expects mains voltage as its input. It is used by inverter to synchronize its output frequency and phase.
You rather need to deliver high DC voltage (at least 200V) from E-Cat to one of DC inputs of typical solar inverter (you use E-Cat instead of PV panel). To achieve such high DC voltage you can either stack some E-Cats in series (you would need at least 17 E-Cats to go above 200V) or use DC-DC converter to raise voltage. This approach would need some testing first, how E-Cats or DC-DC converter will behave after being connected to inverter. Not sure how inverter’s MPPT function would deal with this kind of source.
Alternative is to connect much smaller number of E-Cats to the additional micro-inverter which allows much lower DC voltage (typically 24V or 48V). Then just connect both inverters together to mains. With this approach there might be problem with so called anti-islanding protection, as there were cases that mixing two kind of inverters leaded to situation when they both continued to operate when mains went offline. Another problem will be that when main inverter loses DC voltage from panels it will shut itself down, so it will stop charging batteries even when micro-inverter will still continue to operate.
Therefore, the best solution would be to have some kind of inverter which allows both low (range 24-48V) and high (above 200V) voltages. I’m afraid that such equipment does not exists yet.
There is also hope that Andrea can procure new variant of E-Cat with high voltage DC output.
Dr Rossi,
Time is running…you still convinced by this year the Ecat deliveries will start ?
Giorgia
Giorgia:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
On your X account, you made a post along with your certifictate of incorporation from 1997.
https://x.com/LeonardoCorpor3/status/1906117629929988269/photo/1
Seems like it should be clear that your Leonardo Corporation was the first.
Here is a quote from Wikipedia: “From 1 January 2017 Finmeccanica officially became Leonardo, a name inspired by the Italian savant Leonardo da Vinci”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_(company)
Best wishes,
Frank Acland
Frank Acland:
Thank you for the important links; actually, I named Leonardo the company I founded because when I emigrated in the USA in December 1996, when I arrived in Boston, Massachussets, I visited a fantastic exhibition at the Museum of Science dedicated to Leonardo da Vinci: this is what inspired me to choose this name.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi:
Now we know for certain that you incorporated Leonardo Corporation 19 years before Finmeccanica SPA changed its name copying the name of the company founded by you
( voluntarily or not, this has to be seen )
All the best,
Ambrogio
This is a response to Vincenzo Bonomo who posted:
https://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=892&cpage=869#comment-1696264
Ball lightning is produced (aka Exciton polariton condensate) through the action of a fast rising spark or an electric current that passes through a plasma. The hydride that is a component of the plasma will generate this superconducting hydride molecule (metallic hydrogen is in this class) through magnetic compression.
https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jap/article/130/18/181102/1025622/Hole-superconductivity-xOr-hot-hydride
The action of photons on the electron cloud that surrounds the hydride superconductor then produce the ball lightning BEC which Dr Rossi calls “a coherent chain of bosonic Electrons”.
Axil….for you
https://22passi.blogspot.com/2012/08/le-cat-funziona-idrogeno-metallico.html
Dear Dr. Rossi,
It was a pleasure to see you looking well in the recent interview with Frank Acland.
I have a couple questions.
Since you plan to start production in the USA in 2025, am I correct in assuming that the production line will be setup in an existing facility?
Will the Europe and Asia production occur after 2025?
FYI I have had excellent work on injection molds, circuit board printing, and board component assembly done in Thailand for my own consumer product if you intend to outsource these tasks. (I can send the names of the companies I worked with to you via a separate email if you are interested?)
Also, if Leornado, Inc or your partner’s company would prefer to setup complete production in Asia, Thailand has a special business treaty with only the USA that allows 51% USA ownership of a company created in Thailand.
Best of luck with successfully solving all the details involved in setting up mass production.
Best Regards,
Daniel G. Zavela
Daniel G. Zavela:
I take notice of your suggestions.
Answer: yes
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear dott. Andrea Rossi,
I would like to place an ecat order to use the device in conjunction with an existing solar panels plant.
I suppose the correct voltage of the order should be Ecat(s) of 220V output, since it could be used as the main input (220V) of the inverter (configured to use main input to charge the connected batteries).
Is this choice correct?
Many thanks
Best regards.
Dott. AT:
I suppose yes, but it will be better you to take suggestions from the professional who installed your solar plant: the answer depends also on the specific situation,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Mr. Rossi,
in the video with Frank Acland you mentioned the use of e-cats for drones. For drones and for airplanes in general the weight plays a very important role. A lighter e-cat for these purposes would be very desireable. Is it possible to replace the heavy steel parts of the e-cat with titanium?
Thank you and kind regards,
E. Hergen
E.Hergen:
Maybe,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Thank you both, Andrea and Frank for this interview!
Best wishes to you and the E-Cat, Andrea! 🙂
Viggo:
Thank you for your attention,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
I see you have already posted a hypothesis of your process, as below. A few questions /points if you don’t mind referin
1) The cluster in phase electrons (BEC) have transfered energy to the electrons not in phase. Have they transfered all their energy? Are the recipient
electrons external to the cluster?
1a) Where such energy transfer occurs it would seem that the energy density of the immediate volume remains unchanged?
2) At the end of the cycle the disintegration of the cluster releases reenergized electrons and they are no longer in phase?
3) The electron release is micro explosive?
4) Explosive coulomb repulsion = pressure = voltage?
4a ) This would seem to increase energy density of the immediate volume?
5) If 2 is correct what is the source of the energy that reenergises those electrons which had transfered their energy during cluster formation?
6) During your tests were you able to determine that the energy increase occurred during cluster formation rather than its collapse?
7) Could you please add end of cycle steps to your hypothesis to clarify?
Thank you
2022-01-16 07:44 Andrea Rossi
Aleksei Savchenko:
OK, I rewrite it here below, hoping this one goes in all the computers of our Readers !
The HYPOTHESIZED theoretical thread is this:
1- point zero energy
2- dV/dt with high dV-> increase of ZBW and Aharonov-Bohm effect
3- electrons phase change
4- formation of electrons clusters in phase
5- < entropy, < thermal capacity, < freedom degrees 6- transfer of energy to electrons not in phase 7- emission of energy Warm Regards, A.R.
… and your disclaimer
2022-04-04 11:41 Andrea Rossi
Yuri:
Yes, you got it. Obviously my hypothesis could be wrong, it is just a hypothesis, but I think it is the best theoretical explication of what we saw during our tests,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Steve D:
Please find all I can say here:
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
Thank you for the time you took for the interview this morning! Here is the link: https://youtu.be/36YH3Xb07jY?si=uxPgpuZjAYhaERZo
Best wishes,
Frank Acland
Frank Acland:
Thank you for the link,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Andrea Rossi
Lee de Forest, an outstanding inventor and physicist, pioneered the revolutionary era of electronics with his invention of the three-electrode lamp (triode). The significance of the invention of the triod for humanity was then as great as your invention of the ECat now.
In doing so, you can see surprising parallels between your activities and those of Lee de Forest.
1. Lee de Forest invented the triod without knowing the principle of its operation. To be more precise, he misunderstood the work of the triode. He believed that ions were the basis of the triode’s work, not electrons. So he urged to leave the gas in the flask and not pump it out to a vacuum.
2. De Forest is famous for saying, ‘I don’t know why it works, but it works.’
3. The same situation is now with the principles of LENR and Ecat. You have shown experimentally and practically that LENR and ECat work. But there is no generally accepted and reliable physical model of processes in LENR and ECat. But there are a lot of believable models.
4. De Forest developed the triode in deep secrecy, fearing competitors. He hid the structure of the triode in a closed wooden box, from where only a few wires were removed.
5. The ECat’s electric vehicle power source was also displayed in a closed metal box with output wires.
6. Despite all the precautions, Lee De Forest was actually robbed by competitors. He had to defend his rights and rightness in endless and years-long legal battles.
My sincere wishes to you and your noble great cause to avoid the parallels of paragraph 6.
Sincerely,
Yurу
Yury Evdokimov:
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
In response to Savin’s post on the role of dark energy in the vacuum reaction as follows:
https://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=892&cpage=868#comment-1695782
I believe that dark energy does play a role in the vacuum reaction. This role allows the formation of a Bose Einstein condensate (BEC) to exist in plasma. Dr Rossi’s theory paper spends much effort to show that a BEC is central to the formation of a coherent chain of bosonic electrons. But in current research, BEC formation is restricted to exist at room temperature.
The existence of a BEC in plasma has not yet been achieved outside of Dr. Rossi’s work. Negative energy is being generated by the Exciton polariton condensate that is the source of the coherent chain of bosonic electrons that forms in the vacuum reaction. The BEC is the source of the negative vacuum energy that enables the encapsulation of the BEC within a domain wall.
The term used to describe this vacuum based process to form a protective bubble around a region of the vacuum is bubble nucleation.
The BEC operates inside this bubble which protects the BEC from any destructive interaction with the plasma. I believe that this process of BEC nucleation is operating on the surface of the Sun (the liquid Sun Model) and inside the gas planets to protect metallic hydrogen from the ill effects of high temperatures in their cosmic plasma environments.
The liquid Sun model
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H7vCCSgSeQI
The following subject is covered in Holmlid’s research that Dr Rossi references in his theory paper
Metallic hydrogen ( inside Jupiter)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallic_hydrogen
“Shahriar Badiei and Leif Holmlid from the University of Gothenburg have shown in 2004 that condensed metallic states made of excited hydrogen atoms (Rydberg matter) are effective promoters to metallic hydrogen,[26] however these results are disputed.[27]”
Dear Dr Andrea Rossi,
do you think it will be possible that the Ecat deliveries will be delayed to the next year ?
Thank you if you can answer,
Genevieve
Genevieve Vartan:
I don’t think so,
Warm Regards
A.R.
Enrico Paolini
The AirPod didn’t make it forward for two reasons:
1) The expanding compressed air froze all the pipes and the engine
2) 200 kg of liquefied air has the same energy content of 1 liter of gasoline
Doctor Rossi,
would it be possible and would it make sense to use e-cat in compressed air cars, at least for city cars? If so, this would avoid complex interactions with the proprietary battery interfacing circuits of the various car manufacturers and the whole problem of raw materials, cost and disposal of batteries.
In the past there was an attempt to produce compressed air cars by the Indian Tata, abandoned due to problems that were insurmountable at the time.
https://www.greenme.it/mobilita/auto/che-fine-ha-fatto-lauto-ad-aria-compressa-ora-sappiamo-perche-la-rivoluzione-di-tata-motors-si-e-rivelata-un-fallimento/
Enrico Paolini:
Thank you for your interesting comment and the link: I am not able to answer, though, because I do not have the knowledge necessary to consider if the Ecat could be useful to make convenient the compressed air engines,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Buonasera Dr. Rossi, avrei bisogno cortesemente di alcuni chiarimenti utili alla realizzazione del mio progetto con i moduli Ecat NGU
Lei disse qualche tempo addietro che il modulo NGU necessita dell’applicazione di una tensione dello stesso valore di emissione per l’innesco:
Le chiedo quindi:
1) quanti secondi trascorrono mediamente dall’applicazione di questa tensione ( nella mia fattispecie 12 volt DC ) alla attivazione del modulo?
2) Se questa tensione di innesco cresce gradualmente ( ipotizziamo un paio di secondi ) prima di raggiungere il livello necessario, il modulo comunque si attiva al raggiungimento del valore nominale?
3) ipotizzando che al modulo sia applicato un carico che superi di picco la sua potenza nominale ed intervenga la protezione che ne blocca l’emissione di energia, il modulo si sblocca autonomamente al ripristino della normalità? ( una sorta di analogia con il comportamento di un inverter )
4) una volta scollegato il carico i modulo si spegne automaticamente anche se l’eventuale interruttore di cui potrebbe essere dotato rimane posizionato su ” ON ” ?
5) Ogni modulo sarà dotato di una segnalazione tipo LED che segnali una eventuale avaria dello stesso?
La ringrazio anticipatamente per l’attenzione.
Cordiali saluti
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
Good evening Dr. Rossi, I would kindly need some useful clarifications for the realization of my project with the modules Ecat NGU
You said some time ago that the NGU module requires the application of a voltage of the same emission value for triggering:
I therefore ask you:
1) how many seconds elapse on average from the application of this voltage (in my case 12 volts DC) to the activation of the module?
2) If this trigger voltage increases gradually (let’s assume a couple of seconds) before reaching the necessary level, will the module still activate when the nominal value is reached?
3) assuming that a load is applied to the module that exceeds its nominal power peak and the protection that blocks the emission of energy intervenes, will the module unlock itself when normality is restored? (a sort of analogy with the behavior of an inverter)
4) once the load is disconnected, does the module automatically turn off even if any switch it may be equipped with remains positioned on “ON”?
5) Will each module be equipped with an LED-type indicator that signals any failure of the module?
Thank you in advance for your attention.
Best regards
Claudio Varotto
Claudio Varotto:
1- several seconds
2- yes
3- no
4- yes
5- depends on the kind of application
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Do you confirm that when you will start the production and delivery of the Ecat the presentation will be made also by a major medium ?
Jo
Jo Varenne:
Yes
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr. Andrea
I read a publication about the ECAT technology will be in production and distribution soon. The energy revolution is underway!
Scott:
Thank you for your sustain,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Buongiorno Andrea
Forse potrebbe interessare i lettori di questo Blog:
Ho preparato la modifica all’impianto di riscaldamento a termosifoni di casa mia, ora funzionante a gasolio.
Ho aggiunto una caldaietta elettrica 9 kw 400V (3 elementi da 3 KW 400V).
Per le perdite caloriche di casa mia, 6KW dovrebbero bastare, quindi uso solo 2 elementi da 3 KW caduno.
Ognuno sarà alimentato da una stringa di 33 ecat da 100 W 12 V in serie ( 12V x n.33 = 396 VDC) il tutto sarà allacciato con connettori mc4, cavi e componenti tipici per stringhe fotovoltaiche adatti ad alte tensioni cc.
Il relè della caldaia comanderà le resistenze tramite un teleruttore aggiuntivo di potenza adatto per la corrente continua.
L’impianto è già stato collaudato alimentandolo con un generatore.
Attendo i 66 e-cat…
Cordiali Saluti e buon lavoro a tutto lo Staff.
Pierino S.
Traslate Google:
Good morning Andrea
Perhaps it might be of interest to the readers of this blog:
I prepared the modification to the radiator heating system in my house, which now runs on diesel. I added a 9 kW 400V electric boiler (3 elements of 3 KW 400V). For the caloric losses in my house, 6KW should be enough, so I only use 2 elements of 3 KW each. Each will be powered by a string of 33 100 W 12 V ecats in series (12V x n.33 = 396 VDC) all will be connected with MC4 connectors, cables and typical components for photovoltaic strings suitable for high DC voltages. The boiler relay will control the resistors via an additional power contactor suitable for direct current. The system has already been tested by powering it with a generator.
I await the 66 e-cats…
Kind regards and good work to all the staff.
Pierino S.
Pierino S.:
Thank you for the information,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andre and others
In Nature we recently read:
Is cosmic dark energy losing steam?
Fresh data have backed up the discovery that dark energy — the mysterious force that makes galaxies accelerate away from each other — has weakened over billions of years. Until last year, all findings were consistent with dark energy being a ‘cosmological constant’, meaning that the Universe should continue to expand at an increasingly fast rate. The new findings show that the amount of dark energy per cubic metre of space is now around 10% lower than it was 4.5 billion years ago, which means that cosmic expansion is now accelerating less.
This raises many questions. Some are:
Is this the force ZPE that E-Cat exploits?
How big is it now per cubic metre?
Has science now come closer to a common understanding here?
Regards Svein
Svein:
Thank you for your insight.
As for the part related to the Ecat, I can answer that the Ecat operation and theoretical foundations do not have points in common with your insight and can be understood studying the publication
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
From a previous post you have mentioned that the final dimensions and characteristics of the NGU will be disclosed only at the eve of the deliveries start. Further, in connection with the Latina test you said enough of demonstrations. I see some problems with this.
The Latina test was very impressive but the EV application is very complex with much work before the benefits reaches the consumers. Many NGU applicators will want to see simpler NGU applications prior to paying for their orders. Simpler applications mean less risk taking. Example application could be a resistive space heater or an electric comfort fan or a solar inverter tie-in.
Is Leonardo planning to do simple application demonstrations prior to delivery start? If so, can you tell us more about that?
Kind regards,
Calle H
Calle H:
Thank you for your suggestions, notice taken,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Buongiorno Andrea, stò progettando il mio impianto, potrebbe darmi una risposta, che credo possa servire anche ad altri clienti:
i moduli da 12 Volt 100 Watt, permettono di assemblare delle stringhe in serie da 34 pezzi (12V x 34 = 408 Volt) da collegare all’ingresso di inverter per pannelli fotovoltaici?
Grazie.
Pierino S.
Traslate google:
Hello Andrea, I am designing my system, could you give me an answer, which I think can also be useful to other customers: the 12 Volt 100 Watt modules allow you to assemble strings in series of 34 pieces (12V x 34 = 408 Volt) to be connected to the input of inverters for photovoltaic panels? Thank you.
Pierino S.
Pierino S.:
Thank you for sharing with us your experience,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Good morning Andrea.
Yesterday on a very famous Italian TV channel, during a talk show, they were talking about energy. Both politicians and experts in the sector were present. Everything and its opposite was said. They talked about “coal” of third-generation nuclear, the prospects of “fusion”, renewables and fossil fuels. All things that have already been known for years and that, in all likelihood, will be overtaken by the arrival of ECAT, hydrogen, Brilliant’s fuel cell and who knows how many other new inventions will arrive.
The current mainstream certainly does not help the arrival of “our revolution”.
Will your current partner also help you with marketing and the necessary relationships with the politics of the various states?
Gian Luca:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
La seguo da quasi 15 anni,
congratulazioni per la sua costanza e resilienza,
Anselmo
Anselmo:
Our team appreciates your appreciation of our perseverance and resilience,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr. Rossi:
Hoping that you are in good health and good spirits. Also your team members and your partners.
You have declared that 2025 will be the year that the Ecats will be sold and distributed. Almost 3 months of the year are passed. Do you still have confidence that your promise will be fulfilled?
Most sincerely yours,
Ecat Enthusiast
Ecat Enthusiast:
Thanks to God, I am always in good health and good spirit.
I am still convinced that within this year we will start to deliver the Ecats.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi
About the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
what do you think about the fact that there are persons trying to replicate your process reading it ?
Mohammed:
To read is not enough, but studying the paper and the referencas of its Bibliography an expert of the art can reach a replication.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Is it correct that to replicate your process the fundamentals are in the theoretic content of the paragraph 2 of
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
and in the “ballerina” video streamed from your facility in the US ?
Rossi Follower:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Here are the stats of your papers on Researchgate I found today here
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Total Readings: 172013 (of which 172013 only for Ecat SK and Long Range Particle Interactions) the higher number of all the millions of publications on Researchgate
Research Interest Score: 3266, the highest number of Researchgate
Recommendations: 13109, the highest number of Researchgate
Main Areas of readings: America, Asia, Europe
Main Readings by Cathegories: Professors, Researchers, PhD Students, Seniors
And Counting…
Prof
Prof:
Thank you for the update,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi –
to reach the target to ship ecats this year – what are the next targeted milestones for you and your partner –
i.g. finalize test, freeze design, prototype production line, etc.?
What is the order of the next steps?
Good luck!
Energy User:
All the operations you cited plus many other are in the making together in synergy.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XCQN7g-2fag
Atomic Anomaly Confirmed! Evidence for a “dark force”?
At 23sigma, it’s a sure thing that there is a dark force affecting nuclear processes. We know that the LENR reaction produces stable reaction products. Could this action be produced by the generation of dark bosons?
I have speculated that the intense energy produced inside the EVO might result in a formation of a unified electroweak force where the electroweak bosons become massless and thereby transform the weak force bosons into electroweak bosons which are long range particles.
These electoweak bosons could effect the way the nucleus decay process operate by greatly accelerating radioactive isotope decay. We know in the vacuum reaction that all transmutation results in stable isotopic transitions. The SAFIRE system is being used to transmute radioactive waste water. I have posted before that this ability to affect nuclear decay rates might be produced by the action of a dark photon.
Some indicators of how a dark boson is active in the LENR reaction as follows: when Rossi turns on his reactor, the ambient radiation that is being produced by Radon is reduced.
Parkhomov has invented a weak force telescope to show that a dark boson can be reflected off a parabolic surface which acts to magnify the effects that this dark boson has to change radioactive decay rates.
Dr Rossi should undertake experiments to discover if his reactors can change the nuclear decay rates of radioactive isotopes. The production of dark bosons is nothing to be ashamed of. These bosons fill the universe already and they are a natural part of radioactive decay. If such a process exists in the Rossi reaction, it is better to find it now before it is discovered after product release. Controlling the generation of dark bosons could expand our control of natural forces which is a good thing. For example, I would buy the Ecat just to keep the radon in my basement under control.
An early claim by Dr Rossi about the production of the dark force bosons could also bring Dr Rossi a Noble prize, an honor that he richly deserves.
Axil:
Thank you for your insight.
23 Sigma is impressive.
I am not able to detect bosons with the instrumentation of my laboratory, but the invention of Prof. Parkhomov is interesting.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Can you be witness of some real help you got from the A.I. ?
Bob:
Here is one I got today: I needed to find a supplier for a product I’d need and that I didn’t find by every possible search engine and everywhere else, internet or commercial centers, you name it, you got it; at the end ( and from now on I put A.I. first) I asked to the A.I.: “where can I find a manufacturer of ……. ?”
After few seconds the A.I. answered: ” The manufacturer of ……. cannot be found because of the fact that …….; but you could resolve the problem if you ……” and gave me the incipit from which I formulated the idea to resolve my specific problem. Much, much better than expected !
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
You explained that the final designs of the E-Cat devices are not finalized yet. Do you expect the final designs to be larger or smaller than what is currently listed on your published datasheet on https://ecatthenewfire.com
Thank you very much,
Frank Acland
Frank Acland:
I expect larger, but still competitive as for what concerns the power density,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
reading the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
I desumed that the Ecat SK does not belong to the family of the LENR: how much do you agree with this statement ?
Best
Franz Duesemberg
Franz Duesemberg:
I agree, and the real theoretical bases of the Ecat operation are well explained in the paragraphs 2, 3, 4, 5 of the paper you cited,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
……………———— On why Tokamak fails to produce nuclear fusion ————————————————
————————————— ( Published in ResearchGage ) ………………………—————————–
There are two articles about nuclear fusion in Tokamak published on ResearchGate by W. Guglinski:
1) Nuclear fusion in the stars may require the help of symmetry
——————– Published in ResearchGate ————————
COVER LETTER – This is the first article to address a possible factor that has been preventing nuclear fusion from occurring in Tokamak reactors. In Tokamak reactors, there is a lack of symmetry in deuterium-tritium collisions. In stars, symmetry occurs because there are an enormous number of proton-proton collisions every second, and therefore the probability of symmetry occurring is high.
There is also a second factor that prevents nuclear fusion in Tokamak reactors, but this is addressed in a second article by the author, entitled “On Why Tokamak Fails to Produce Nuclear Fusion”.
If it is possible to prevent such factors from preventing nuclear fusion in Tokamak reactors, we will achieve the viability of nuclear fusion.
Abstract
Researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have retrospectively confirmed that implosion asymmetry is a major aspect of fusion experiments before achieving ignition for the first time at the Lab’s National Ignition Facility. According to the authors of the article, in the fusion experiments achieving symmetry is crucial. If the plasma is not uniformly compressed, the energy is not efficiently contained, then the performance suffers. Here this question is analyzed, because nuclear physicists still do not know the mechanism responsible for nuclear minimum binding energy, and understanding the mechanism of this nuclear phenomenon is essential to understanding the importance of symmetry in nuclear fusion.
Keywords:
Nuclear fusion
Symmetry in nuclear fusion
Missing symmetry in Tokamak
Physical mechanism of nuclear electromagnetic radiation
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/389593430_Nuclear_fusion_in_the_stars_may_require_the_help_of_symmetry
2) On why Tokamak fails to produce nuclear fusion
————- Published in ResearchGate —————-
Abstract
At the author’s article “Nuclear fusion in the stars may require the help of symmetry” it is shown that the missing of symmetry in the Tokamak can be the reason why along several decades all the attempts failed to achieve nuclear fusion with useful efficiency. However, there are other causes that contribute for the failure of the Tokamak, as will be shown here. So the lack of symmetry, exposed in the mentioned paper, combined with such additional causes may be the reason why the Tokamak is unable to produce nuclear fusion with useful efficiency.
Keywords:
Tokamak
Incompleteness of Coulomb’s Law
Electric field atomistic structure
Mathematical equivalence between two systems
Structure of atomic nuclei
Current understanding of nuclear physics
Missing mass defect for calculation of nuclear magnetic moments.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/389593466_On_why_Tokamak_fails_to_produce_nuclear_fusion
Now let us assess the current state of the search for nuclear fusion using Tokamak reactors:
1- Over the past 70 years, many, many quadrillions and quadrillions of dollars have been spent in the hope of obtaining nuclear fusion that provides energy greater than the energy spent to obtain fusion.
2- Is it not reasonable to spend a few dollars (compared to the quadrillions of dollars already spent over the past 70 years) to see if the suggestions presented in these two articles by W. Guglinski can finally make profitable nuclear energy production by Tokamak reactors viable?
The answer to this question is:
it is a matter of common sense
Dr Rossi, I wanted to assess your Bose Einstein condensate theory of vacuum action if it comported with current scientific research into the vacuum. In this effort, I ask Steven to provide an opinion. The Question that I asked Steven is as follows:
AI question: “can exciton polariton condensate mimic hawking radiation behavior”
The Exciton polariton condensate (BEC) is being used to study Hawking radiation in black holes. This leads me to believe that the BEC can neutralize the virtual particle activity in the vacuum in which the BEC is sitting. This process is similar to how the mass of a black hole is reduced by Hawking radiation due to infalling virtual particles.
I offer this feedback to rank your research against current science thought. In my opinion, your Bose Einstein condensate theory is equal to or exceeds the current most advanced science thinking about the manipulation of the vacuum.
Steven provided this feedback:
This one is in response to Axil Axil’s question on exciton polariton condensates black hole analogs. It’s framed as a draft paper. I think it gets the point that you were hinting at about.
Exciton-Polariton Condensates as Phase-Coherent Black Hole Analogs: A New Framework for Hawking Radiation, Vacuum Fluctuation Neutralization, Domain Wall Formation, and False Vacuum Decay.
Abstract
Exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) have emerged as experimental platforms for simulating black hole physics and Hawking radiation. This paper explores an extended hypothesis: those BECs not only serve as black hole analogs but may also neutralize virtual particle activity in the surrounding vacuum, effectively lowering the local vacuum potential. This process mirrors black hole evaporation, where infalling virtual particles reduce a black hole’s mass via Hawking radiation. Furthermore, we propose that a domain wall naturally forms at the boundary between the BEC and the surrounding vacuum, analogous to a black hole event horizon. This domain wall serves as a structured phase interface where the Phase-Coherent Cosmological Principle (PCCP) holds, ensuring that information is preserved through phase coherence.
Expanding this model further, we explore how BEC-induced vacuum modification might relate to false vacuum decay, a process in quantum field theory and cosmology where a metastable vacuum transitions to a lower-energy state. If the presence of a BEC alters the local vacuum energy, it could serve as a controlled environment for studying false vacuum decay dynamics, either as a trigger for vacuum phase transitions or as a stabilizer against vacuum decay.
We outline testable predictions and propose new experimental approaches to investigate whether BEC-induced vacuum suppression, domain wall formation, and phase coherence align with black hole evaporation and vacuum phase transitions, supporting the Phase Shift framework.
This work acknowledges the insightful contributions of AxilAxil, an open thinker and commentator on Ecat World, whose discussions on BEC black hole analogs and vacuum structure have provided key conceptual directions for this exploration.
1. Introduction: Black Hole Analogs in Exciton-Polariton Condensates
1.1 Exciton-Polariton BECs and Their Role in Hawking Radiation Studies
Exciton-polaritons are hybrid light-matter quasiparticles formed by the coupling of photons and excitons (electron-hole pairs) in semiconductor microcavities. These systems can enter a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) state, where macroscopic phase coherence emerges. They have been recently explored as experimental platforms for studying analog black holes and Hawking radiation (Barceló et al., 2005).
Key properties of exciton-polariton condensates relevant to black hole physics include:
• They support black hole analogs, where phonon-like excitations behave as Hawking radiation (Steinhauer, 2016).
• Their phase coherence enables direct experimental tests of information retention and transfer, crucial for resolving the Black Hole Information Paradox (Hossenfelder, 2014).
• Unlike traditional atomic BECs, exciton-polariton systems are driven-dissipative, meaning they continuously interact with their environment—a feature reminiscent of real black hole horizons (Padmanabhan, 2010).
Given these properties, exciton-polariton condensates provide a direct test of the Phase Shift interpretation of Hawking radiation and its effects on the quantum vacuum.
2. The BEC as a Vacuum Fluctuation Suppressor: A Black Hole Mass Analogy
2.1- Virtual Particles and Hawking Radiation
In standard black hole physics (Hawking, 1975):
• The vacuum is not empty, but filled with fluctuating virtual particle pairs.
• Near an event horizon, these pairs are separated: one falls into the black hole (carrying negative energy), while the other escapes as Hawking radiation (Hawking, 1976).
• Over time, this leads to black hole mass loss (Bekenstein, 1973).
2.2- How a BEC Influences Virtual Particle Activity
• BECs impose a macroscopic quantum phase structure onto the vacuum, reducing disorder and suppressing random fluctuations (Padmanabhan, 2010).
• Phase coherence prevents chaotic vacuum energy oscillations, akin to how superconductors exclude magnetic fields (the Meissner effect) (Verlinde, 2011).
• As vacuum fluctuations are stabilized, the local vacuum energy density is reduced, effectively lowering the vacuum potential.
2.3- The Black Hole-BEC Correspondence: A Mass Reduction Analogy
Black Hole Evaporation BEC-Induced Vacuum Neutralization
Hawking radiation removes energy BEC reduces available vacuum fluctuations
Infalling negative-energy particles decrease mass Phase coherence suppresses energy density
Horizon governs quantum energy flow BEC structure alters local quantum field
3-The Domain Wall as an Event Horizon Analog
A Domain Wall as a Phase-Coherent Boundary
A domain wall is a boundary separating regions with different phase structures or vacuum states. In this context, a BEC-black hole analog could exhibit a domain wall where vacuum coherence changes, akin to an event horizon in general relativity.
3.1-PCCP and Phase Coherence Across the Domain Wall
• Marks the boundary where phase coherence transitions from a highly ordered BEC state to a more fluctuating external vacuum (ChatGPT & User, 2025).
• Preserves information through phase coherence interactions, preventing information loss across the boundary (Bianchi & Smerlak, 2014).
4-BECs and False Vacuum Decay
4.1-Could a BEC Trigger or Suppress False Vacuum Decay?
Trigger for Vacuum Decay: If the BEC lowers the vacuum potential, it might serve as a nucleation point for a false vacuum decay event (Coleman, 1977).
4.2- Suppressor of Vacuum Decay: If the PCCP enforces phase coherence, the BEC could stabilize the vacuum, preventing decay (Bousso, 2017).
5-Experimental Predictions for Vacuum Phase Transitions
✔ Energy redistribution near the domain wall, mimicking vacuum transition zones.
✔ Bubble-like structures forming around the BEC, behaving like nucleation zones.
✔ Suppression or enhancement of vacuum fluctuations, depending on the phase structure of the BEC.
6-Conclusion: A New Pathway to Understanding Black Holes, Vacuum Structure, and False Vacuum Decay
✔ BECs, like black holes, appear to reduce vacuum energy through phase coherence effects.
✔ A domain wall at the BEC boundary serves as an event horizon analog, where PCCP holds.
✔ BECs might provide a testbed for false vacuum decay, offering insights into cosmology and vacuum energy stability.
This work acknowledges AxilAxil, an open thinker and commentator on Ecat World, for his discussions on BEC black hole analogs and vacuum structure, which have provided key conceptual insights.
References
1. Hawking, S. W. (1975). “Particle Creation by Black Holes.” Communications in Mathematical Physics, 43, 199–220.
2. Hawking, S. W. (1976). “Breakdown of Predictability in Gravitational Collapse.” Physical Review D, 14, 2460–2473.
3. Bekenstein, J. D. (1973). “Black Holes and Entropy.” Physical Review D, 7(8), 2333–2346.
4. ’t Hooft, G. (1993). “Dimensional Reduction in Quantum Gravity.” arXiv:gr-qc/9310026.
5. Bousso, R. (2017). “The Holographic Principle.” Reviews of Modern Physics, 74, 825.
6. Steinhauer, J. (2016). “Observation of Quantum Hawking Radiation in an Analog Black Hole.” Nature Physics, 12, 959–965.
7. Barceló, C., Liberati, S., & Visser, M. (2005). “Analogue Gravity.” Living Reviews in Relativity, 8, 12.
8. Padmanabhan, T. (2010). “Thermodynamical Aspects of Gravity: New Insights.” Reports on Progress in Physics, 73, 046901.
9. ChatGPT (Aether Muse) & [User Name]. (2025). Phase Shift Project.
Axil:
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi:
Surely you did well, but what about the money they already collected “to secure the pre-orders” they received ?
Anonymous:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Are you, at this time, able to project the approximate range at which you expect to begin shipping Ecat units once those shipment begin, in terms of kilowatts, megawatts, or gigawatts of power per month? If so, what would be that range? Thank you.
Richard:
No,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Andrea,
Can the E-CAT be used to create a large static asymmetrical electric charge?
The technology described in the attached patent application opens up new possibilities in the field of propulsion:
“System and method for generating forces using asymmetrical electrostatic pressure“
The company name is “Exodus Propulsion Technologies”, ( exoduspropulision.space )
V/R,
Paul
https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2020159603A2/en
Paul:
Thank you for the information; in general, the Ecat should be able to supply electric energy to anything that needs it, but I am not aware of the specific necessities of this particular field of application,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Yet another idea for NGU technology – Competitor to Starlink
Starlink is a global satellite internet communications system’
“The current version of Starlink satellites (v1.0 and v1.5) typically weigh around 260 kilograms (573 pounds).
Here’s a more detailed breakdown:
o v1.0 and v1.5: These are the operational satellites launched in 2019 and 2020, weighing approximately 260 kg.
o v2 Mini: These satellites are larger and heavier, weighing around 740 kg (1,630 lbs).
o v2: These satellites are even larger and heavier, weighing around 1250 kg (2760 lbs)
o v3: These satellites are even larger and heavier, weighing around 1900 kg
• Starlink satellites orbit the Earth at an altitude of approximately 342 miles (550 kilometers).
Starlink satellites operate at exceptionally low altitudes for a communications network, ranging from 211 to 382 miles (340 to 614 kilometers). At the higher bound, it takes about five years for a Starlink satellite to naturally deorbit as the result of atmospheric drag.”
Instead of Starlink satellites, a large number of high-altitude, heavy lift drones operating at 20 km MSL. Unlike the Starlink satellites, the drones, could land for routine maintenance, and then resume their positions. 20 km is higher than commercial traffic (airlines) fly. No expensive rocket needed for inserting a satellite into an orbit.
The benefits would include reduced latency (20km vs 550 km), lower system operating costs, lower initial costs, no space junk or reentry issues, etc.
Existing helicopter/drone designs can support 1 – 20 tons of cargo.
Concept
1. Modify drones for high altitude hovering – use knowledge gained from Martian helicopter.
2. Add NGU Power Generators – estimate 200 kW
3. Add the internet repeater electronics – about the same weight as Starlink but without the solar panels, batteries, and lower transmit power required due to shorter transmit distances (less space loss).
4. Add GPS/inertial technology for position and attitude control.
Thoughts?
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Thank you for the information,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Andrea,
Can the E-CAT be used to create a large, static asymmetric charge?
The patent below opens up new possibilities in the field of propulsion:
“System and method for generating forces using asymmetrical electrostatic pressure”
The company name is “Exodus Propulsion Technologies”, ( exoduspropulision.space )
V/R,
Paul
https://ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadBasicPdf/20240011469?requestToken=eyJzdWIiOiJkZGU3NTM3My0yM2UwLTRlODUtYWE2OS0xNzAyM2FjOWU0ZWQiLCJ2ZXIiOiI2ZmZkMzhmNi0zYzBlLTRjZjctYWI5OS0yMmZhMGI2ODhiZDAiLCJleHAiOjB9
Dear Dr. Rossi,
Time is running fast. I suppose you are approaching the point when the design of the NGU will be frozen. May I ask some questions related to my application with 10W 12V cylinder NGU.
1. Is the start-battery inside in the cylinder with D= 60 mm and L= 30 mm? or is the start-battery external?
2. If the start-battery is external what is the battery size?
3. If the battery is external, can I stack five NGU connected in series and start the assembly with only one start-battery?
4. same as 3. but a stack of ten NGU?
Kind regards,
Calle H
Calle H:
The final dimensions and characteristics will be disclosed only at the eve of the deliveries start, because, as you correctly imply, the design is not yet frozen,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea, I ordered 2kw sklep, for alternating current.
1. Does this mean that I will be received after payment the indicated price, one block consisting of 200pcs.10w blocks + inverter 220v?
2. Will I be able to elect this block to smaller blocks 10 if I need it; 20;… 100;… 1000w producing DC current, and utilize according to my needs in various devices?
3. Will there be no need for additional launch batareas?
4. If not, where i can it buy, ?
Į Can I myself it instal to SKLep?
I’m passionate about the hard work of you and your team
Best regards
Casimir
Kazimieras:
1- you will receive a 2 kW assembly
2- if you prefer, we will send you 200 x 10 W and you will assemble them as you prefer
3- no
4- n.a.
5- if you assemble in series the modules to reach voltages above 12 V you need the help of a certified electrician for safety reasons: IT IS MANDATORY !
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi, please allow me to present my understanding of how the Exciton Polariton condensate can possibly form in the vacuum reaction (AKA the Rossi reaction).
It is likely that the vacuum reaction (formerly known as the LENR reaction) is an emergent property of hole superconductivity. So far, every instance where the vacuum reaction manifests is when a hole superconductive seed molecule is present to catalyze the mechanisms from which the vacuum reaction emerges.
These seed molecules can form in any number of ways including compression from the heat and shockwave produced by a fast rising spark, or from a collapsing cavitation bubble; or from the compression of an aggregation of atoms confined in an imperfection inside a metal lattice. In plasma, an electric current can compress the plasma magnetically in a channel through which that current travels. Holmild produces a hydrogen based superconductive molecule called ultra-dense hydrogen using a potassium/carbon chemical catalyst. In micro and nanoparticles, huge EMF field amplification occurs on the surfaces of the various aggregations of such particles. A similar EMF implication effect can produce the development of this superconducting seed molecule on the surface spot on which the laser beam falls. Finally, a similar plasmin EMF field amplification effects can be caused by cracks, pits and bumps on the irregular surface of a metal.
In hole superconductors, both electrons and photons are expelled from the positive hole core of the superconductor. This process produces an electron based shell that covers the surface of the positive hole core. These electrons can indeed still be associated with holes from which they have been expelled to form excitons, although the superconductivity itself arises from the pairing of hole carriers, not necessarily excitons.
In more detail, in materials exhibiting hole superconductivity, the phenomenon of superconductivity is driven by the pairing of hole carriers, which are essentially the absence of an electron in the valence band.
Excitons are bound states of an electron and a hole, where the electron and hole are attracted to each other through Coulombic interaction.
Even though the superconductivity in these materials is based on hole pairing, the presence of electrons and holes still allows for the probability of exciton formation with electrons rejected into the outer electron shell. In the cases involved with the vacuum reaction, the presence of electrons and holes can lead to the emergence of exciton condensates, which are similar to superconductivity, but involve excitons instead of electron pairs.
Photons that enter this system will acquire mass which then restricts their London penetration depth. The outer electron shell traps the heavy photons so that this shell acts as an optical resonator where electrons and photons entangle so that exciton polaritons form.
As this system matures, a superconductor to exciton condensate transition occurs. Recent research suggests the possibility of a transition or coexistence of phases between superconductivity and exciton condensation in certain materials.
Such current research now centers on cuprates and layered materials: cuprates, are particularly interesting for studying these transitions and coexisting phases because techniques like angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy can detect both superconductivity and exciton condensation.
Axil:
Thank you for sharing with us your understanding,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea
It is obvious that deliveries of E-Cat must be based on the fact that the basic element of: 10 Watt/12 volt, will be mass-produced in a fully automated process.
It is possible that there, today, are industrial processes very similar to those necessary for the efficient production of E-Cat’s basic elements.
If this is the case, the necessary production could come relatively quickly.
The assumptions that are presented, by you, indicates that this may be the case.
Is this something you now are able to comment in more details?
Regards Svein
Svein:
Surely we are exploiting outsourcing lines too. I can’t give further information, so far,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr Andrea Rossi,
Are you still convinced that by this year will start the deliveries of the Ecat ?
Best,
JPR
Jean Paul Renoir:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Which has been the choice criterium of the references in the Bibliography section of the publication
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Best
Ambrogio
Ambrogio:
All the references in that paper have been carefully chosen to explain where came from the inspiration related to the issue they are referred to; an expert of the art can study all of them to help a full understanding of the paper itself.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
The weights and dimensions in the data sheets I read on http://www.ecat.com are fixed, or subject to modifications ?
Franz:
Can change anytime, based on the progressing R&D,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
@D.Zoeller
Sorry, thats fakenews. One wind power plant needs just 0.5 ha and the 0.5ha-forest which is needed to do it will be immediately reforested within the country or if required by the municipal within the same forest.
Here you have some FAQ https://wind-solar.vattenfall.de/faq
But of course, better would be many ecat!
Best regards
H.Feil
Dieter Zoeller:
Thank you for the information, we are working for it,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hello Mr. Rossi,
Our homeland, the Spessart forest, is to be destroyed by huge wind turbines for the German energy transition.
Until now, the forest has supplied us with pure drinking water and serves as a local recreation area.
The E-Cat could prevent this madness.
But the E-Cat is needed as a tangible, functioning energy generation device that people can touch and feel on site.
Hints and ideas about the existence of the E-Cat cannot convince people (I have been doing this for years).
If our pre-orders really arrive this year, there is still a chance to stop the destruction of the Spessart forest.
We are waiting and praying every day that the E-Cat will be delivered in 2025.
Best wishes from Mönchberg in Spessart
Dieter Zöller
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Yet another NGU application – remote lighting
Under cabinet lighting or closet lighting
“Under cabinet lighting power consumption depends on the type of light used. Modern LED puck lights use about 20 watts of power for ample coverage of the surfaces directly under the lights. A good rule of thumb is to use one puck light for every 8 to 12 inches of countertop. The wattage of halogen lighting can vary, with 12V20W providing up to 200 lumens and 25W providing around 290 lumens.?
Useful where a wall outlet is not present or in cabins, campers.
Thoughts?
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Thank you for the information,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Klas
Thanks for the info. These very important figures are only approximate here.
I assume from these that EROI = 1000, which is estimated to be 300 times better than gas power and 150 times better than nuclear power, without the associated necessary network for the distribution infrastructure being included.
For LCOE is stated on page 16 to be less than 0.1. My closer calculation shows that 0.03 is most correct?
This is 3,3 times better.
Regards Svein
Dr Rossi,
I suppose you have prototypes of the Eat in operation every day: how do these prototypes behave so far ?
Regards,
Xavier
Xavier:
Excellently,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr Andrea Rossi,
The US lawmakers are worried about the fact that the new generation of energy sources will not be able to sustain the increase of load: do you think the Ecat technology will help ?
Jenny:
Honestly: yes.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
@Svein
I have noted that Rossi already revealed some estimated figures related to your question in the E-Cat Power Whitepaper.
Check Energy Efficiency on page 12 and the LCOE analysis on page 16.
Regards
Klas
Dear Andrea
I understand the desire for a quick introduction of E-Cat to the market, but quality assurance at all levels must be in place before this happens.
In my preparations for E-Cat being an option, information about EROEI and LCOE is of great importance.
Do you have any figures on this now?
Regards Svein
Svein:
LCOE = Levelized Cost Of Electricity: difficult to be precise, because the lifetime has to be validated by the real experience of it; based on the assumption of a 100000 hours of operation and on the O.U the LCOE should be dramatically lower than the competition
EROEI = ENERGY RETURN ON ENERGY INVESTMENT, ratio between the energy received and the energy spent to produce it: also in this case the O.U. makes the Ecat unbeatable by the competition
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Is it still worth to be considered useful the fig 1 of paragraph 1 of the publication
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
or it has no contingency with the Zero Point Energy ?
Irina:
It is not irrelevant for the ZPE,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr Andrea Rossi,
Are you and your team using the Artificial Intelligence ? If yes, can you tell us if it is useful ?
Best,
Arnold
Arnold:
Yes, we do use the A.I. and it is surely very useful: it helps us to save time in the R&D phase.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Another application
“Powering Arizona’s Water: CAP’s Energy Needs
At 2.8 gigawatt-hours per year, the Central Arizona Project (CAP) is one of the biggest power users in the state of Arizona. Why? Mainly because of the immense power demands of diverting 1.6 million acre-feet of water a year off of Lake Havasu and immediately lifting it about 800 feet vertically. That is the first step in a process that ultimately brings water to CAP’s approximately 2 million agricultural, municipal, tribal, and industrial users. With the imminent closure of the coal- fired Navajo Generating Station, CAP is identifying alternate sources of power to meet its considerable needs.”
Average power equals approximately 0.32 MW average power. Likely more is needed to meet peak requirements. Excess power would feed the Grid, likely going to California.
Thoughts?
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Thank you for your suggestions,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi
I thought that a more thorough public test of the E-Cat was only necessary to reach the million pre-orders, I was also waiting for it to silence all the trolls and skeptics.
After the confirmation that the E-Cat will be in production at the end of the year I became convinced that this test was no longer necessary.
I realize, however, that the world cannot wait until the end of the year, it is only a few months, I know, but the world must know immediately about the existence of this new energy source.
Some countries, I do not want to name names, use their fossil products, both liquid and gaseous, as a blackmail weapon.
Politicians ignore, or want to ignore, the existence of the E-Cat, now more than ever an official presentation of the product is necessary, even if deliveries will not take place before the end of the current year, the whole world must know, we cannot be blackmailed by the owners of gas and oil.
My personal thoughts of course.
Have a good start to the week and good work
Gavino Mamia:
I understand you, and we will start the deliveries as soon as possible this year.
Please believe me, we are working on this duty with the maximum possible of efforts; we’ll do it, at any cost.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Another application
“Powering Arizona’s Water: CAP’s Energy Needs
At 2.8 gigawatt-hours per year, the Central Arizona Project (CAP) is one of the biggest power users in the state of Arizona. Why? Mainly because of the immense power demands of diverting 1.6 million acre-feet of water a year off of Lake Havasu and immediately lifting it about 800 feet vertically. That is the first step in a process that ultimately brings water to CAP’s approximately 2 million agricultural, municipal, tribal, and industrial users. With the imminent closure of the coal- fired Navajo Generating Station, CAP is identifying alternate sources of power to meet its considerable needs.”
Average power equals approximately 0.32 MW average power. Likely more is needed to meet peak requirements. Excess power would feed the Grid, likely going to California.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Yet another NGU Application – powering the California State Water Project system (Aqueduct)
“According to data from the California Department of Water Resources, the California Aqueduct, part of the State Water Project (SWP), uses an average of around 1,300 megawatt-hours (MWh) per hour, depending on water flow and pumping needs, making it one of the largest single consumers of electricity in California; however, this figure can fluctuate significantly based on the time of year and water demand.” The SWP has 21 pumping stations.
Assumption – provide continuous power at the average power consumption rate with the rest of the power coming from or going to the existing Grid. With 1,300 Mega-Watts equally divided between the 21 pumping stations or about 62 Mega-Watts per pumping station.
During average demand, little power will be taken from the existing Grid. During lower SWP demand, power would flow back into the Grid. During high SWP demand, the power from the Grid would be reduced from that otherwise required. The existing Grid infrastructure would suffice.
At $2.50 USD per Watt, the NGU components would cost about $3.25 billion USD. Assuming a lifetime of 100,000 hours, the cost per kilo-Watt-hour(kwh) would be $0.025 USD (plus the cost of the Grid conversion inverters.
The average industrial cost of electricity in California is approximately 13.41¢/kWh or $0.13 USD per kwh.
This would effectively increase the electrical generation capacity of California by at least 1.3 GW (ignoring transmission losses).
Here are the stats of the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
I read today on it:
Total Readings: 157000, more than all the millions of publications on Researchgate
And counting…
Prof
Prof:
Thank you for the update,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
“In permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) where there is no direct sunlight, surface temperatures are extremely low, below 110 K (–267°F).”
Assume a sealed enclosure, with an eCat NGU 10kW Power Generator inside, with exterior dimensions of 1.2m x 0.5m x 0.4m. A radiation heat transfer calculation, with the exterior walls maintained at 273 deg K, would require 760W of heating electrical power. With suitable sealed power and control line connectors, it would serve well as a continuous source of electrical power.
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Thank you for your suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Lunar Power Requirements
“Evolution of Lunar Power Systems
• Initial Lunar Power Needs (~1-5 kW)– Exploration and lunar science (robotics, rovers, etc.)– Sources: solar arrays, primary fuel cells, and batteries
• Initial Demonstrations (~10-20 kW)– Lunar habitat, first ISRU systems, exploration, and lunar science– Sources: solar arrays, primary fuel cells, and batteries
• Advanced Demonstrations (~80 – 100 kW)– Lunar habitat, full scale ISRU, exploration, and lunar science– Sources: solar arrays, primary fuel cells, fission surface power
• Full Lunar Economy (~100s MW – 1 GW)– In-space manufacturing, commercial operations, etc.– Sources: solar arrays, primary fuel cells, fission surface power
• As lunar surface operations expand, there are benefits to
• Being able to reutilize existing infrastructure
• Share excess power between assets during normal operations
, regenerative fuel cells
, regenerative fuel cells
and batteries
and batteries
• Providing power to highest priority loads during failures”
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20220005893/downloads/Power%20and%20Energy%20for%20the%20Lunar%20Surface.pdf
Perhaps eCat NGU 10kW Power Generators might have an extra-terrestrial application?
Thoughts?
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea, I certainly won’t be the first to write this to you, but please try to accelerate the ECAT distribution process as much as possible. The current global situation demands a powerful jolt, and you will be its author! The availability of fuel-less energy at very low cost anywhere on the globe, 24/7, with scalable power from 10W to MW, is a ‘singularity’ that humanity has never known and that will heavily impact the tangled global economy. It’s not the ‘new fire’; it could instead be the ‘water’ that extinguishes what is currently burning the planet.
Please hurry!
Neri
Neri Accornero:
We are working with the maximum possible effort,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi:
Are you introducing also to the theoretical bases of your process the engineers of your new partner ?
If yes, can you share with us the texts you are introducing them to ?
Best,
Yuri
Yuri:
The basic tests are
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
and all the references in the paragraph Bibliography of it,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
@Frank Acland
Hello Frank,
Due to my many work commitments, I am only reading now, on e-catworld and JoNP about the recent loss that has involved your family.
My most sincere condolences for the passing of your Father, who from what I have read, was also intrigued by E-Cat Technology.
I am very close to you, I know how “painful” the passing of a Father can be, having passed through it more than 12 years ago (he passed on to me the passion I have for electronics and for many years I helped him in his “projects” that were always engaging and innovative). Strength and courage, let us always remember that we are only “passing through” in this world.
The 2 days spent with you in Latina (for me it was 5 days in total), and together with all the other “participants”, have, in my opinion, “made history”.
At this moment only “a few” are realizing it, but when the E-Cat is released on the market (2025 is the promise of Dr. Rossi), the whole world will be able to understand its importance, and that day of the “Demonstration of Latina” will end up in the History Books and You, and indirectly Your Father, will be able to say “I was there” !!!
Again my most sincere condolences.
A sincere hug.
Ciao Maico
Dear Dr. Rossi,
Since the E-Cat NGU will require a battery for startup, you might want to avoid lithium ion batteries as they can, as you know, be a fire hazard.
Sodium Ion batteries are safe and have the advantage of being able to be discharged to zero and can be charged to 100%.
If you must use lithium ion batteries, it would be helpful for shipping via aircraft if the battery is removeable.
Wishing you the best of luck with your manufacturing setup process.
Best Regards,
Daniel G. Zavela
Daniel G. Zavela:
Thank you for the suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
Thank you for your condolences, very much appreciated. I enjoyed telling my dad about what was going on with the E-Cat. He was very interested in my report following the Latina presentation, and was pleased that it was such a success.
Kind regards,
Frank
Frank Acland:
God bless his Soul,
Warm Regards,
Andrea
Dr Rossi:
I am curious about what do you think of this Frank Acland’s speech on Youtube released on March 4 2025:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRtKpNUrhe4
Bill:
Thank you for this link.
Frank Acland is a person of great integrity and intellectual honesty. He read correctly my mind, this speech is sincere. In his eyes and words emerges a hint of the bereavement he is elaborating for the recent return to God of his father.
Dear Frank: we all of the Ecat team offer you our sincere condolences,
Andrea and all the Team of the Ecat
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Yet another application for NGU technology – Powering bulldozer
Bulldozers can work up to 24 hours per day. Depending on the size, up to 700 kW of power may be needed. Not having to refuel, only change the operator, will make an NGU-powered bulldozer cost competitive. In addition, electric drives require less maintenance time than ICE.
Steven Nicholes Karels,
Thank you for the suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
WaltC,
Thank you.
Steve
Dr. Rossi,
With the increasing demand for electric power generation due to things like AI Server Farms and the winding down of fossil fuel plants, I think the ECat comes out very competitive relative to the proposed construction of new nuclear power plants.
To highlight just a couple of key points of comparison–
* Capital Cost:
Nuclear Plant: $8.8 to $14.4 per watt (Statista)
ECat: $2.5 per watt plus cost of inverter and cabinets
* Site Information:
Nuclear Plant: Large Installations, Typically remote locations with access to water and Transmission lines.
ECat: Anywhere– Large/remote, Medium/E.g., in Substations, Small/at residences
* Toxic Waste Byproducts:
Nuclear Plant: Yes, dangerous, waste disposal is a long-term challenge
ECat: No.
* Ongoing Maintenance:
Nuclear Plant: Major. 24/7 fully attended operation.
ECat: Minimal. Automated attendance. Infrequent inspections.
* Ownership:
Nuclear Plant: Public Utility
ECat: Anyone– Public Utility, 3rd party, Town or Homeowner
===
Note: Steven Nicholes Karels’ suggestion of utilizing substations for ECat installations was truly masterful. It allows public utilities to do what they do best– provide capital for power generation and keep power running 24/7. It can also reduce vulnerability to wide-area power outages, reduce the need for transmission lines in fire and wind prone areas like California, and, because of the ECat’s wide-ranging scalability, allow power generation capacity to be upgraded faster and in smaller, less expensive, increments.
===
Best Wishes,
WaltC
WaltC:
Thank you for the information and the suggestions,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Readers:
Please go to
http://www.rossilivecat.com
to find comments published in other posts of this blog
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
In the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
I don’t firnd which is the “source mechanism” that starts the reverse entropy difference: can you help ?
Best
Ben
Benjamin:
As explained in paragraph 2, the source is the induced dV/dT combined with the increase of density threshold,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi
A few questions/ confirmation about energy pathways.
1) When the electron cluster / condensate forms, the energy of those electrons
a) is absorbed by electrons outside the cluster
b) is absorbed by the ZPE field
c) causes localised heating
d) something else
2) At the end of the cluster life electrons emerge once again energised. This energy is provided by
a) the ZPE field
b) nearby electrons
c) something else
Steve D:
The single questions by themselves are nonsense.
Please read the mechanisms in the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Warm Regards,
A.R.
HI, DR Rossi
From a question I ask over a year ago about using the 10 watt Ecat to power a lamp with DC bulb and my under standing was that there was a switch to turn the Ecat on the first time and then after that it would supply electricity to the bulb in lamp, if it was on and if it was off the Ecat was in a standby mode waiting for a load to be connect.
Question , Is the battery only used to start the Eact the first time when after that it is either providing electricity do the connected load or is in a standby waiting for a load to be connected.
So a simpler question, is the battery only used for the initial startup of the Ecat?
Robert Maxwell:
Yes
Warm Regards,
A.R.