Rossi Blog Reader
This website tracks recent postings to Andrea Rossi's
Journal of Nuclear Physics,
sorting the entries with priority to Rossi's answers, which appear under each question.
• Email to Andrea Rossi - Journal Of Nuclear Physics
• Website comments to the Webmaster (who has no contact or connection with Rossi).
• Updated: 2025-07-18 07:50:11.682369Z
Mr. Rossi,
Thank you for your reply. The most common variant, which is widely known, would be MC4 connectors, which are familiar from PV modules. They connect safely and easily to an inverter. Is it possible?
Best regards,
Tommek
Tommek:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Mr. Rossi
Martin explains which connectors are on the Ecat and what cross-sections the two cables (DC/DC) have. This would be interesting for other applications, including for the certified electrician who installs it.
Best regards,
Tommek
Tommek:
The kind of connectors will be te standard connections in the Country of interest.
The diameter of the cables we will connect depends on the Amperage, that depends on the specific situations in terms of Voltage and power of the specific assembly. The certified contractor will surely be able to choose the cables compatible with the Amperage of the system. We too will connect cables that suit the Amperage. For these reasons, it is impossible to give an answer ” one size fits all ”
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi
This is the associated paper in nature:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09197-3
Thanks
Stephen
Stephen:
Thank you for the link
Warm Regards
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi
Some questions about the light.
1 Did you make a stokes vector analysis if the light emitted from the ecat?
2. If so did it show any polarization effect?
3. If so can you say what kind of polarization linear, circular or both?
You might find this link interesting it seems to have a frequency range compatible with the ecat spectrum in the Stockholm demonstration and covers including 437nm peak:
https://phys.org/news/2025-07-imaging-technique-captures-polarized.html?utm_source=flipboard&utm_content=topic%2Fscience
I guess for the broad spectrum it’s difficult to observe any phase coherence effects.
But does the 437 nm peak show any phase coherence?
Thanks and Best Regards
Stephen
Stephen:
All the theoretical information about the Ecat operation are here:
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Further information will be possible after the deliveries,
Warm Regards
A.R.
@Harald Becker
You should search for “powercon” here at this blog.
All is already asked and answered.
Best regards
R.Brand
In the NGU, spark production of hole superconductors does not occur as suggested in Dr. Rossi’s theory paper and therefore no generation of the exciton polariton condensate using the optical cavity process that the Hole superconductor supports.
Instead, the exciton polariton condensate is produced naturally through the action of the electron gun by the formation of these polaritons individually over time. Once a sufficient number of these polaritons have been generated then that aggregation when sufficiently dense will form a condensate.
In more detail, the exciton polariton condensate is produced through the action by the electron gun by the formation of these polaritons over time. Once a sufficient number of these polaritons are generated then that aggregation when sufficiently dense will form a condensate.
Although well known and used since the early days of vacuum tube technology, the space charge effect does not have a well-defined theory, since the formation of stable space charges is thought to be prevented by the Coulomb force between electrons. However, as a result of the quantum fluctuations predicted by Heisenberg’s inextensibility principle, it was experimentally found that the repelling force can be screened by the vacuum polarization produced by the formation and annihilation of virtual charge pairs.
Exciton-polariton condensates
Exciton-polaritons are formed by the strong coupling between excitons (bound electron-hole pairs) in a semiconductor and photons within an optical microcavity. When a sufficient number of these polaritons are generated (e.g., through optical pumping), they can aggregate into a condensate, according to Nature: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-47669-8 . This occurs when the polaritons macroscopically occupy the same quantum state.
Space charge effect and vacuum polarization
The space charge effect, known since the early days of vacuum tubes, poses a theoretical challenge because the mutual repulsion between electrons due to the Coulomb force might be expected to prevent the formation of stable space charges. However, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, also known as the Heisenberg’s inextensibility principle, predicts quantum fluctuations in the vacuum, leading to the spontaneous creation and annihilation of virtual particle-antiparticle pairs like electron-positron pairs, according to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). These virtual particles can screen the Coulomb repulsion, influencing the stability of space charges: https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2015/06/vacuum-fluctuations-measuring-unreal#:~:text=In%20this%20universe%2C%20anything%20that,objects%20containing%20billions%20of%20atoms.
Further details on space charge
In insulators, for example, excess electrons can accumulate to form a space charge. The polarity of this space charge compared to the adjacent electrode can indicate the insulating material’s effectiveness. Homocharges, formed near the electrode, can reduce the stress at the electrode interface but increase it in the bulk. Heterocharges, formed through the ionization of small molecules and their drift towards electrodes, can increase electrode stress but reduce bulk stress.
Further details on vacuum polarization
Vacuum polarization, also referred to as the self-energy of the gauge boson (photon), is a phenomenon in quantum electrodynamics where background electromagnetic fields generate virtual electron-positron pairs. These pairs alter the distribution of charges and currents that originally produced the field, effectively reducing the charge of a particle and contributing to effects like the Lamb shift in hydrogen according to Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_polarization .
axil:
Thank you for your insight and for the links,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
I ordered 2 SKLep units of 3 x 100 W = 36 V DC – 300 W.
I want to connect these to a microinverter and then to the electrical grid.
I have a few questions I’ve never seen before:
– 1 : Is a cable included (per unit) for connecting the SKLep unit to the microinverter?
– 2 : If yes : Is it a 4 mm² cable, or more or less?
– 3 : What type of connector is on the output of the SKLep unit ?
– 4 : If a cable is included, what type of connector is used to connect it to the microinverter?
I think many forum readers would benefit from knowing this as well.
Hopefully, the Units will be produced and delivered this year!
Kind regards
Martin
Martin:
You will have to contact a certified contractor expert of inverters to make the connections you describe respecting the safety requirements. The inverter turns the DC 36 V into an AC 110/230 V current, a tension that can cause serious damages, even death, if the installation is not made professionally.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Thanks to Paul Dodgshun, 2025-07-16 09:19, for the explanation and link. Months ago, I contacted a manufacturer who had to test the compatibility of off-grid inverters and Ecat. He didn’t dare make any predictions.
I would suggest that ‘2025-07-15 09:19 Harald Becker’ should study https://www.sunsynk.org/_files/ugd/52fa1b_ea1d3b954652435b936f8ff0fafee52a.pdf or similar. The complexities that Harald wants: grid on/off, 3 phase, hybrid operation, etc need to be understood. The use of a qualified electrician is essential and understanding all the jargon is mandatory if success is to be achieved. Perhaps start with page 9 ‘Basic System Architecture’ and then page 31 ‘Three-Phase Parallel Inverter’ e.g. SunSynk 10kw hybrid commercial 3 phase inverter.
The CT coil is one of the most important parts of the Sunsynk Parity inverter. This device reduces the power of the inverter to prevent feeding power to the grid. This feature is also known as “Zero Export”. The most basic feature of all is voltage and polarity matching for the inverter input and NGU output. 360 volts is likely as this can be provided by a two 3kW NGUs connected to the two MPPT channels with the internal modules connected in series.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
Some month ago you mentioned a relatively low figure for the planned production capacity. If I remember correctly it was around one million 10w modules per year.
Now you are making progress with a new partner. Without giving too much detail, will the initial capacity for 2026 be the same, slightly higher or maybe even significantly higher?
Thank you for your reply.
Energy User:
We hope the same,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea
Just a thought. Prompted after the recent discussions by recent Q snd A’s on plasmon PV coupling,:
If the internal control electronics is susceptible the local EMC environment you could consider using optoelectronics. I have seen this approach used very successfully in other devices where EMC interference is a concern .
Best Regards
Stephen
Stephen:
Thank you for your suggestion. The Ecat EMC is not a concern for the Ecat,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
7/15/2025
Dear Dr.Rossi,
a note on combining Ecat with inverters for off-grid operation: Ecat, off-grid inverters, and battery storage can make homes independent of expensive public power supplies (Germany) and protect them from power outages. If PV modules are producing too little power, off-grid inverters take power from battery storage and, if necessary, from the public grid. Ecat is used instead of PV. If Ecat is producing too little power, it must be ensured that the off-grid inverter does not overload the Ecat and cause it to shut down. Therefore, off-grid inverters (preferably with three phases) that are compatible with Ecat are required. As far as I can recall, this issue has not been addressed in the blog yet.
Best regards,
Harald Becker
Harald Becker:
Thank you for your suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
The production of a minimum amount of waste heat is critical to the success in the design of your invention.
I am wondering how you managed to minimized the amount of heat that is produced in the photo conversion process. If you are permitted to say…
1 – Did you match the frequencies of the light produced in your reaction shell to the frequencies that were optimized in your off the shelf photo conversion chip?
2 – Did you create your own custom photo conversion chip to match the frequencies generated in your reaction shell.
If #2 is true, you would be required in your patent to define how this chip frequency specification matching was implemented.
3 – Photo conversion chip matching was fortunate and required no special considerations.
4 – none of the above.
axil:
Please accept the same answer I wrote to Neri Accornero minutes ago,
Warm Regards
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
I hope the good news you add to your website’s continues on a more or less monthly basis. I also thank Maico, in his perfect description, for including me among the active participants during the “Latina Test” (those are now two historic words!).
On this and other blogs, the debate continues over the hypothesis that the ECAT is based on incredibly efficient photovoltaic conversion (I wonder what conversion could possibly be so efficient as to produce 10W in a hermetically sealed shoe polish box, even with some electronics inside!). Certainly, a few photons are emitted from the excited plasma, but I don’t believe the internal surface of the tiny cell, no matter how treated, can produce such a striking photovoltaic effect. Could you ease this pointless debate a little by at least specifying, as you’ve said many times, that the energy is extracted from the cyclical formation and disruption of the electronic coherence in the plasma? Without going into further details.
Kind regards,
Neri
Neri Accornero:
The theiretical bases of the Ecat technology have been rigorously described here:
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
I can also confirm that the Ecat emit photons, but no more information can be released before the Ecat deliveries.
I confirm that we will continue the monthly reports.
Warm Regards
A.R.
Hi everyone,
I asked ChatGPT for its “thoughts” on the question:
“What kinds of short-term effects are to be expected,
once main-stream media realises, that the ECAT is real?”
I’m not sure that I go along with some of the answers it concocted.
But I do indeed find them interesting.
And they certainly do entertain the imagination.
Regards,
JC
********************
********************
“What kinds of short-term effects are to be expected,
once main-stream media realises, that the ECAT is real?”
🏭 INDUSTRY & INFRASTRUCTURE
1. Collapse of Fossil Fuel Markets
Oil and gas stocks plummet within hours.
Sovereign wealth funds tied to petrostates
(e.g., Saudi Arabia, Russia, Norway) hemorrhage value.
Entire economies face existential crises.
OPEC becomes politically irrelevant overnight.
Pipelines, refineries, LNG terminals become instant stranded assets.
2. Massive Reindustrialization in the Global North
Factories once offshored due to energy costs rapidly reopen in Europe and North America.
Aluminum, steel, and chemical manufacturing revive explosively
Power-intensive processes now cost pennies.
3. Carbon Credits & Green Tech Markets Implode
Carbon offsetting markets collapse.
Solar, wind, and even battery storage see
a crash in value as their relative cost/complexity becomes unnecessary.
Companies that invested heavily in emissions reduction infrastructure
see stranded capital.
🌍 GLOBAL GEOPOLITICS
4. Petrostates Face Crisis
Countries like Venezuela, Iraq, and Russia experience
sudden mass unemployment, hyperinflation, or civil unrest due to collapsed export income.
The balance of power shifts dramatically.
Countries with innovation, education, and infrastructure
suddenly outrank those with natural resources.
5. Global South Surges Forward
Energy access becomes universal.
Remote African, Asian, and Latin American villages leapfrog into high-tech economies,
skipping over fossil infrastructure entirely
—like going from no phones to smartphones.
A digital, education, and entrepreneurial boom begins.
🏠 HOUSEHOLDS & LIFESTYLE
6. Heating/Cooling Revolution
Heat pumps, ACs, and electric stoves become ubiquitous
—even in poor countries.
“Energy poverty” vanishes.
Winters become safer; summers become bearable, even in extreme climates.
7. Home Desalination & Water Independence
Fresh water from the ocean becomes cheap.
Desalination units shrink to home scale.
Drought-prone areas like California, the Sahel, and the Middle East breathe again.
8. Electric Everything
Every gasoline-powered thing — cars, lawnmowers,
forklifts, fishing boats — gets replaced or retrofitted.
Electric vehicles drop in price dramatically
since energy cost becomes negligible, and range anxiety fades.
👩💼 ECONOMY & EMPLOYMENT
9. Entire Job Sectors Obsolete
Millions of jobs in oil drilling, refining, pipeline maintenance,
gas stations, and combustion engine repair vanish.
Unions, governments, and activists demand retraining programs;
social unrest emerges in regions dependent on fossil labor.
10. New Sectors Emerge Overnight
Small businesses offering micro-grids, plug-and-play energy pods,
or home energy independence kits explode.
Infrastructure companies convert old gas stations
into battery swap or electric vehicle service centers.
🧠 CULTURE, THOUGHT, & VALUES
11. A New “Post-Scarcity” Imagination
The mental shift from “we must conserve energy”
to “we have more than we need” radically changes public discourse.
Energy-intensive activities like 24/7 data centers,
space heaters on restaurant patios, or AI training no longer seem irresponsible.
12. Political Reorientation
Energy independence means many countries rethink alliances and defense policies.
Nations like Germany or Japan, which lacked natural energy resources,
find themselves with new geopolitical leverage.
Urban Decentralization:
Remote work gets another massive boost.
Energy-intensive vertical farming, 3D printing,
and cheap cooling/heating allow small towns to become appealing again.
Juan Carlos:
Thank you for the ChatGPT Artificial Intelligence inquiry: what counts to us is to complete our mission whatever is hidden beyond the bushes.
Warm Regards
A.R.
Dr. Rossi:
Is your Licensee in posession of all your prototypes and electronic circuits ?
Best Regards,
Antonio
Antonio:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi
Some thoughts I’m happy to write 🙂
I’ll try to be precise in expressing my thoughts… I apologize in advance if I seem a little long-winded 😉
It’s been a while since I posted on your blog, but that doesn’t mean interest in your Ecat has waned… on the contrary, after the announcement on July 7th
https://ecatthenewfire.com/report-on-the-status-of-production-and-delivery-of-the-e-cat-july-7th-2025/
it has further increased (if that were even possible 😉
It’s nice to learn that after the first official announcement on May 7th
https://ecatthenewfire.com/e-cat-testing-successfully-completed-with-partners-team/
The Global Licensee you selected has officially become capable of independently producing the Ecat.
This means that your in-depth knowledge of this new type of technology, which will significantly impact the global energy market in the years to come (in a very positive way, I think), has been transferred to a trusted Technical/Economic/Commercial Partnership.
Presumably, from the end of 2025 (the period you estimate for the start of production), the task of this “Partnership” will be to demonstrate to the world that your wonderful discovery exists and is real (from my point of view, I have never had any doubts ;), by the way, thank you Dr. Rossi for having been so determined and resilient over all these years to ensure that your and our dream, those who have shared it for years, comes true), by distributing the Ecats in people’s homes in ever-increasing quantities, or, as I can imagine from what you said in your blog, by ensuring that the energy that will enter people’s homes no longer comes from the exploitation of fossil fuels or nuclear energy, but instead, produced directly from power plants built on an “ECAT BASIS” ;).
What I just wrote stems from what you replied on your blog, namely, that one of the “Partners” participating in the Partnership is in the electricity distribution market. 😉
https://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=892&cpage=878#comment-1700264
How wonderful to be able to say:
I WAS THERE!!!… I lived through the “pioneering” and certainly most exciting periods of this “stratospheric” technology, and in my own small way, I also contributed to its diffusion. 😉
How wonderful it was to collaborate with you for more than a year and a half in the preparation and execution of the Latina demonstration. Even before we met in person, I was confident in my heart that your technology was real and functional, but after we realized This:
https://ecatthenewfire.com/leonardo-corporation-demonstrates-on-board-e-cat-technology-continually-charging-an-ev-battery-during-6-hour-test/
And completely independently, with your consent, giving me the opportunity to “interact with ECAT” well beyond what was agreed upon for the Twizy, I created this:
https://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=892&cpage=845#comment-1686085
I then followed this up with further posts by Clarification:
https://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=892&cpage=847#comment-1686757
https://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=892&cpage=846#comment-1686207
…..I no longer have the slightest doubt:
ECAT Exists and Works Very Well!!!!
And it can only evolve and improve, now that your technology and secrets, Dr. Rossi, are in the hands of a partnership with the competent technical, economic, and infrastructural resources capable of making it “grow and spread” worldwide.
At this point, it’s easy to say:
Very soon, your Ecat Technology will revolutionize, worldwide, the way we produce the electricity that humanity so desperately needs to “progress and evolve.” 🙂
Returning for a moment to the Latina demonstration (in which, as you know, I was an active participant ;)), on that occasion, I had the pleasure of speaking with:
1) Frank Acland (who we all know, a wonderful person and an excellent communicator)
2) Professor Neri Accornero (a delightful and very knowledgeable person, with whom I exchanged many thoughts on that occasion, and who I see is an active participant in both your blog, Dr. Rossi, and E-Catworld.com)
Well, all three of us interacted with all the participants in the demonstration; it was a wonderful moment of “dialogue” between the event organizers, the contributors, and the participants invited by Dr. Rossi.
Reading some of your responses In your blog, you can answer readers’ questions:
https://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=892&cpage=830#comment-1682648
https://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=892&cpage=830#comment-1682651
It can be deduced that the demonstration was attended by potential customers from most of the “Business Lines” to which the ECAT can be addressed (in reality, the ECAT is suitable for “EVERYTHING,” and I also demonstrated this with my “individual” tests ;))
from “a good part” of the world 😉
https://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=892&cpage=837#comment-1683886
https://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=892&cpage=837#comment-1683892
As already stated on your blog, there were also representatives from car manufacturers.
https://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=892&cpage=830#comment-1682648
https://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=892&cpage=830#comment-1682651
But in reality, the “real interest” in the ECAT came from another sector…
In my opinion, it doesn’t matter which sector the “real interest” came from (certainly the car manufacturers who were present at the event once the Ecat will be on the market, and therefore will realize that it exists and works, will be a bit disappointed for not having taken a serious interest in the Ecat right away, but I’m sure that they will very quickly take action and I will be ready 😉 ), the important thing is that IT HAS ARRIVED, and now that there is a strong and authoritative Partnership, I’m sure that in the next few months/years your Ecat Technology will spread worldwide. 🙂
At this point, Dr. Rossi, since you informed us via your blog that:
https://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=892&cpage=875#comment-1699253
Certainly both Frank, Professor Accornero, and I, completely unknowingly, spoke with the Partnership representatives present at the event… the mere thought of it sends me over the moon 🙂
Furthermore, Dr. Rossi, with your demonstration, was able to “convince” them to open a negotiating table, which, as we all know by now, led to a real Technical Commercial Agreement, finalized on July 7th with the officialization of a “Global Licensee”!!!!
Absolutely fantastic news 😉
Dr. Rossi, I’m delighted that my “Active Participation” in the Latina demonstration contributed to this wonderful result: that your astonishing and stratospheric discovery has finally found a Technical/Economic/Infrastructural Partnership that will deliver your Ecat Technology to the world and, at the same time:
Will give you all the recognition you deserve!!!!
All these years of study, experiments, mistakes, restarts, sacrifices, perseverance, and resilience are finally about to yield the desired result:
1) Give you the Fame, Notoriety, and Recognition you deserve 🙂
2) Spread your Technology around the world so that global energy needs are less of a problem and, at the same time, access to energy is also less polluting.
I’m sure, Dr. Rossi, that both of these points will become reality in the short/medium term!!!
And it’s all thanks to your tenacity and perseverance… You deserve all this and much, much more!!!
Best regards
Ciao, Maico
Maico:
Thank you !
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr. Rossi may be the only person who can meet the requirment of the patent office to build the NGU without performing undue experimentation.
How does a patent application deal with some of the most inscrutable, complicated and involved science that exists if there is no one skilled other than the inventor in the relevant technical fields to understand and reproduce it without undue experimentation?
In cases where an invention involves extremely complex or inscrutable science, patent applications must still satisfy the enablement requirement.
Here’s how patent law addresses this challenge:
Enablement Standard: The core principle is that the patent application must contain a detailed description of the invention sufficient to enable a “person of ordinary skill in the art” (POSITA) to both understand and reproduce the invention without “undue experimentation”.
POSITA’s Knowledge: The enablement requirement doesn’t mean that every single detail must be explicitly spelled out. The patent relies on the understanding that a POSITA possesses the relevant background knowledge and skills in that technical field. Thus, the patent aims to provide enough information for such an individual, when combining the patent’s disclosure with their existing knowledge, to successfully practice the invention.
In the case of the NGU, the shell that encloses the reaction requires excessive tuning to match the shells topology to form the light produced by that shell to generate the optimum power density to optimally drive the power production chip. It may have taken the inventor many years to derive this tuning process. It may not be possible in the patent application to convey that process sufficient so that the invention becomes functional.
”Undue Experimentation”: This is a key concept. It recognizes that some level of experimentation may be necessary to reproduce a complex invention, but it sets a limit. The experimentation should not be “undue”, meaning it shouldn’t be excessively burdensome, time-consuming, or require extensive trial-and-error beyond what a skilled person would reasonably undertake. According to Ask Patents, while 4 hours of experimentation is considered reasonable, 1 to 2 years is considered “a clearly unreasonable requirement”.
Evidence and Examples: To demonstrate enablement, patent applications often include specific examples and detailed descriptions of how to make and use the invention. In cases of highly complex science, these examples might be crucial for the patent office to ascertain that the invention is indeed reproducible.
In essence, the patent system seeks a balance: rewarding inventors for their contributions while also ensuring that society benefits from the knowledge disclosed and that the public can utilize the invention once the patent protection lapses. If the invention is so complex that a skilled person cannot reproduce it without undue experimentation, the patent might be invalid.
This is why it is critical for the partner to be able to reproduce the NGU independent of any participation in that process from Dr. Rossi.
Axil:
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards
A.R.
Dear Andrea
Does your answer to Paulus on July 9th mean that the 10 W Ecat elements are now being produced in a new automatic production process?
Regards Svein
Svein:
Not yet
Warm Regards
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Using NGU Technology with Storage Batteries to Compete with Peaker Plants.
Consider an electrical energy production plants consisting of NGU Power Generators, large capacity storage batteries, and Grid interface electronics.
Pricing Assumptions – Electricity prices sold to the Grid
1. BaseLoad (average) price = $100USD/MWhr.
2. Peak Load price = $200USD/MHhr.
3. Capacity Load price = $50/MWhr.
Peak load payments from the Grid to the Peaker Plants may occur only a small percentage of the time to handle above average demands.
Capacity Load payments from the Grid are made when there is too much power on the Grid and the excess power is removed (for storage to be used later?) to keep the Grid level roughly constant.
NGU Power Generator approach – sample design for a 1 MH standalone electricity generation plant.
1. 1 MW of NGU Power Generators running continuously. Equivalent of 1 MW Baseload power generation. Income is $100USD per hour = $2,400USD per day.
2. 10 MHhr battery storage capacity. Provides excess power during Peaker times (assume 10% of the 24-hour day). Income = 2.4 hrs * 1 MW * $200USD = $480USD per day.
3. 10 MWhr battery storage capacity. Received excess power from Grid (assume 25% of the 24-hour day). Income = 6 hrs * 1MW * $50USD = $300USD per day.
Grid interface electronics would be capable of handling up to 2MW of electrical power.
Total power moved = 24 MWhr + 2.4 MWhr + 6 MWh = 32.4 MWhs.
Daily income = $2,400USD + $400USD + $300USD = $3,100USD per day.
Assume an operating time of 4,000 days.
Total lifetime revenue = 4,000 * $3,100USD = $12.4 million USD.
Equipment costs:
1. MW NGU Power Generators = $2.50USD/W * 1MW = $2.5MUSD.
2. Battery Storage (assume $100USD per kWhr) = $1MUSD.
3. Electrical Grid Intrface (assume $50USD per kWhr) = $0.5MUSD.
Thoughts?
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Thank you for the information,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Here are the stats I found today on
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Total Readings of “Ecat SK and Long Range Particle Interactions”: 160000, more than all the millions of publications on Researchgate !
And counting…
Prof
Prof:
Thank you for the update,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Have a Good Weekend Dear Rossi,
I feel that You might need some , ….. little …. support and nice Music … now.
Totally Sincerely,
Jorn-Erik
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tRGuFM4DR2Y&ab_channel=TheTelevideo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6cJq0Jjyy8&ab_channel=HAUSER
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z3649dq6boA&ab_channel=2CELLOS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tRGuFM4DR2Y&ab_channel=TheTelevideo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-fIK0N5_LuY&t=1242s&ab_channel=JazzVibes
Jorn-Erik Ommang, Eng.:
Thank you for this gift that I am delighted to share with our Readers,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr Andrea Rossi,
Is it necessary the use of a vacuum pump to make an Ecat ?
Matthew
Matthew Green:
Please read the paragraph 4 of
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Warm Regards,
A.R.
In your design of the NGU, the efficiency of photoelectric conversion to more than 90% is unprecedented. Without stating exactly how this remarkable achievement was accomplished, was such optimization as provided by the AI as follows performed?
With the light produced by an exciton polariton condensate, would there be a special circumstance where the photoconverting chip would produce very high efficiency conversion to electrical power?
Yes, there are special circumstances where the light produced by a polariton condensate could potentially lead to very high efficiency in photo conversion, such as in solar cells.
Polaritons, which are quasiparticles resulting from the strong coupling between excitons (excited electronic states) and photons, offer unique properties that could be exploited for enhanced energy conversion. The coherent and tunable nature of light emitted by polariton condensates, compared to conventional incoherent light sources, presents exciting possibilities.
Here are some of the potential circumstances and mechanisms for achieving high efficiency photo conversion using polariton condensate light:
Materials Design: Using materials with strong exciton-photon coupling, narrow line widths, large oscillator strengths, and high exciton binding energies can facilitate efficient polariton condensation and subsequent coherent light emission.
Low Threshold Condensation: Achieving condensation at low excitation densities (e.g., via National Institutes of Health (NIH) | (.gov) suggests the use of bound states in the continuum https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11026397/ } or BIC states) can result in more energy-efficient light generation.
Enhanced Exciton Transport: The coherent nature of polariton condensation can facilitate efficient energy transfer and exciton transport in the active material of a photovoltaic device. This can lead to increased charge separation and collection, reducing energy losses and improving overall efficiency.
Controlling the Condensate: Manipulating the potential landscape and gain profile, as demonstrated by optically controlling localization in fixed photonic chips, allows for the selective excitation of desired polariton condensate modes, potentially leading to optimized light for specific photoconverting chips.
Low Losses and Decoherence: Minimizing losses in the microcavity and mitigating decoherence effects from interactions between the condensate and the exciton reservoir are crucial for achieving and maintaining the coherent light from the condensate and for enhancing overall efficiency.
Utilizing Coherent Properties: The coherent nature of the light emitted by exciton-polariton condensates, particularly if it can be specifically tailored to match the absorption spectrum of the photoconverting chip, could improve the efficiency of energy transfer and conversion to electrical power.
Wavelength Tuning and Sub-Bandgap Absorption: The energy levels of polaritons can be tuned by engineering the properties of the microcavity and the excitonic material. This tunability allows for better matching of the light spectrum with the absorption properties of the photovoltaic material, potentially enabling the absorption of light at energies below the material’s bandgap, which is typically lost in conventional solar cells.
Reduced Energy Losses: By maintaining strong coupling between excitons and photons, polariton condensates can effectively reduce energy losses associated with non-radiative decay processes and scattering, resulting in a more efficient conversion of light energy into electrical energy.
Manipulation of Polariton Condensates: The ability to manipulate the propagation and flow of polariton condensates, as demonstrated in experiments, opens up new avenues for controlling the interaction of light with the active material in a photo conversion device. This control can potentially lead to optimized light absorption and charge separation pathways, further boosting efficiency.
Exploiting Quantum Coherence: Recent research suggests that enhancing quantum coherence in long-lifetime exciton-polariton condensates could lead to higher efficiencies, potentially by spatially separating the condensate from the reservoir of carriers.
In essence, optimizing the material platform and cavity design to promote low-threshold, room-temperature condensation with high coherence and minimal losses, combined with careful control and tailored light output to match the properties of the photoconverting chip, are key circumstances for achieving very high efficiency photo conversion using exciton-polariton condensates.
axil:
Thank you for your intelligent comment.
Answers:
1- yes
2- your hypothesis is correct in relation to photoconverting microchips
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea
I agree with your decisions.
However, there are several underlying bodies where R & D is a task.
I can, carefully, inform these so that desired decisions are not avoided.
I can prepare this without major conflicts.
However, I look forward to the largest quantum leap in energy since Cyanobacteria managed to create and store energy through photosynthesis over 3.5 billion years ago.
Regareds Svein
Svein:
Thank you for your support,
Warm regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Again about the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
is it fundamental the vacuum as explained in paragraph 4 ?
Ambrogio
Ambrogio:
The vacuum is fundamental. See the paragraph 4 in the paper you cited,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea
The following agreements have been published now on July 10:
Norway pledges NOK 2.8 billion for energy security in Ukraine
The government is entering into three new agreements to support the upgrading of the energy system and green transition in Ukraine.
– After more than three years of full-scale war and repeated Russian attacks, Ukraine’s energy infrastructure is being hit hard and in a targeted manner, says Foreign Minister Espen Barth Eide in a press release.
He says the agreements for the reconstruction and transition of the energy system provide increased energy security and more green energy in Ukraine. The agreements will be signed with Minister of Trade and Industry Cecilie Myrseth and Ukraine’s Minister of Energy Herman Halushenko in Rome on July 10.
Myrseth says the agreement contributes to ensuring the population’s access to electricity and heat in winter.
The three agreements have a total framework of NOK 2.8 billion over three years. In 2025, NOK 1.65 billion will be paid out for measures to repair critical infrastructure, strengthen energy security and promote renewable energy.
It is obvious that E-Cat is the best solution here.
How can I now be of service to Leonardo C. so that we can quickly start the necessary activities in this regard?
Regards Svein
Svein:
As soon as we will start the deliveries we will contact them, maybe with your help. To do it before is a loss of time. They are not R&D, they need working solutions.
Thank you anyway for your help,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Andrea,
Any updates on the E-Cat capable of powering a drone (air)? Any showstoppers encountered? Target date for completion?
Thanks.
Greg
Greg Smith:
So far it is not a priority,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
There are many reasons why a prototype design never reaches the marketplace.
1. The manufacturing organization lacks the skill set to change the prototype design into a production unit.
2. The mass production yield is so low that it adversely affects profitability.
3. An external competitor releases an equivalent unit at lower cost or otherwise captures the market.
4. The manufacturing organization loses interest in the prototype technology.
5. The manufacturing organization is bought by an organization threatened by this new technology and “shelfs” the effort.
6. Probably many more which I have not considered.
A. Do you have legal protection in the event the manufacturing organization fails to produce?
B. If that should happen, do you retain your control on the design and marketability?
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Thank you for all your suggestions; all these points have been assessed together with the Licensee,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
Here is a link to the interview we did yesterday, thank you very much for the opportunity!
https://youtu.be/mydYf-auX10
Frank Acland
Frank Acland:
Thank you for having me !
Thank you also for the link,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Andrea,
Do the newly built E-CAT NGUs work better than the original E-CAT NGU?
V/R,
Paul
Paul:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Can you explain in rigorous terms, not in colloquial terms , the interactions between the Zitterbewegung of electrons and the Ecat theoretical hypothesis ?
Thank you if you can answer,
Julian
Julian Chamberlain:
Please find it in Paragraph 2.4 of the publication
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
May I ask if the Licencee has manufactured an E-Cat using his own tools and set-up where you have confirmed it is working according to your requirements?
Kind regards,
Calle H
Calle H:
Please read my answer to Steven Nicholes Karels minutes ago,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
The July 7 status report was disappointing. Perhaps you could enlighten us with how many prototypes were tested, what types (Wattage) of prototypes were tested, and what types of testing were performed. Were these prototypes existing units or ones built by your partner(s)?
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Thank you for your opinion. The report has been agreed upon with the Partners and I can’t add further information. I can answer that they are making tests with units made with my collaboration as the Chief Scientist.
Warm Regards.
A.R.
Dear Andrea
The presented message: https://x.com/LeonardoCorpor3/status/194201129800010992 from Leonardo Corporation about the transfer of expertise to the new Global Licensee was very important and encouraging.
The assumption of deliveries of the E-Cat by 2025 as well.
As the chief scientist of the new Global Licensee, I hope that it is still possible for your followers to direct technical questions to you in this blog until further notice.
Regards Svein
Svein:
Thank you for your comment.
Answer: Yes, this blog will continue to answer the questions from our Readers, from my position of Chief Scientist.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
@all
For reports of Leonardo just look at their homepage ecatthenewfire.com under “news”.
And before everybody here writes questions, please look for older answers – use the search function!
It must not be that Dr. Rossi has to repeat and repeat himself.
Best regards
M.Reinhold
M.Reinhold:
Thank you,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi
The mentioned blog 2025/07/06 at 10:44 pm does not appear in the blog on my computer??
Kind Regards
P. Corpataux
Pierre Corpataux:
Probably you must reset your computer, because the comment dated 2025/07/06 in this blog is regularly here: just scroll the pages until you arrive to the due date,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hello Everyone,
I had understood that some kind of major status report
was going to be made yesterday, July 7th.
I had assumed, (perhaps naively?) that such a report would
be made here in this blog.
But now I don’t find it, and no one else seems to be complaining.
So I am wondering?
Was it made somewhere else and I just missed the announcement of “where”?
And if that is indeed the case,
could someone please publish the link thereto here?
I have really been “itching” to get a new update.
Thanks in advance,
JC
Juan Carlos:
Please find the link to the July Report in this blog dated 2025/07/06 at 10:44 pm
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Would it be possible to connect the ecat to my 48v solar pannel – battery system?
Rik:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
hare are the stats of your publications I found today checking on
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Total Readings:
175000, of which 159870 only for “Ecat SK and Long Range Particle Interactions” , more than all the millions of publications on Researchgate
Recommendations: 13382, more than all the publications on Researchgate
Research Interest Score: 3369, higher than all the publications on Researchgate
Most Reading Seniority: Professors, PhD students, Reserachers, Seniors
Most Reading Cathegories: Electronic Engineers, Chemical Engineers, Energetics Engineers
And counting…
Prof
Dr. Rossi:
Does the Ecat utilize a vacuum Pump?
Drew G.
Drew G.:
This information is confidential so far,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
To all interested to replicate the Rossi’s device:
We have replicated repeatedly the experiment decribed on
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
and what we learnt from our research and experiments is that the most important paragraph of this publication is the 2.2, because the phase coherence is the core of the technology.
J.D.
Dr. Rossi,
I understand that at the moment we cannot know where the Ecats will be produced.
However, this will affect the cost of purchase.
I ordered from Italy years ago, and if the production took place for example in the USA, I would also have to pay the duty that will be applied at the time of delivery.
If the production was in Europe, I would not have to pay this duty.
Kind Regards,
Italo R.
Italo R.:
The cost will not be affected,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dearest A.R.
if they were vibrations (of the plates) depending on the frequency they could be easily attenuated with appropriate measures (insulating materials). Is it possible to know what noise the 1Kw module produces at a distance of one meter?
Thanks a lot
Gianluca:
As I said, the reason of the noise is confidential.
1 kW module at a distance of 1 m produces about 30 dB(A): for the non experts, it is the noise of a standard refrigerator everybody has in an apartment,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
An interesting update posted on X today: https://x.com/LeonardoCorpor3/status/1942011298000109926
Is the global licensee now able to mass produce E-Cats?
Best wishes,
Frank Acland
Frank Acland:
Thank you for the link; not yet,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hi Andrea Rossi
Thanks for your answers to my questions.
With question 6 I was asking if you could indicate where the noise came from maybe which component for example . But I was concerned not to ask too much if the sound source is protected knowledge for example.
Thanks again and best regards
Stephen
Stephen:
Thank you for rephrasing, now I understood.
You intelligently already answered to your question #6 within this comment of yours,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi
May I ask some clarification question about the low noise 50dbA output?
First of all I note it’s clear it’s within normal limits for electronic devices and can easily be managed but I’m curious about it for applications and scalability reasons for example if it is used with a sound system or many devices are used together.
In these cases I think it’s easy to manage the sound in a suitable enclosure fir example.
1 . Can you describe the nature of the noise. Is it:
a) a white or grey noise like.
b) a whistle
c) a hummm
d) a resonant chord more choir.
d) clicks or pops
.e) or could you describe its nature if some thing else
2. Is it applicable only to the larger devices or all devices and how does it scale with size.
3. Could it be added to the data sheet?
4. Will it scale with multiple devices,?
5.Is it due to fan noise ?
6. Or without giving away too much some other components in the device?
Looking forward to the announcement tomorrow. Good luck with it !
Thanks and best regards
Stephen
Stephen:
1. humm
2. to any assembly with logarythmic sum of the noise of each module of the assembly
3. if necessary
4. yes, logarythmically
5. no
6. I don’t understand what you mean: can you rephrase ?
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
once the electricity-generating E-Cat is launched, will this product be called E-Cat or ECat?
Or will it be called something else entirely?
With Best Regards
Karel
Karel Toman:
Ecat
Warm Regards,
A.R.
First week of July come and gone. Any update(s) as promised?
Pam:
As I already said, the report will be published on July 7th,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea
Your answer to question 9 from Jean Pierre July 3rd makes me wonder what sound levels the E-Cat creates and whether this is sound from vibrating Casimir plates?
Regards Svein
Svein:
Depending on the power, but always below 50 dB(A)
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Buongiorno Dr. Rossi, anch’io la seguo come P da molti anni ed anch’io ho preordinato come P da molto tempo un numero considerevole di unità NGU e devo manifestare la mia sorpresa e perplessità dinanzi alle risposte che Lei ha ritenuto di dare ai post pubblicati da P.
Comprendo la necessità da parte sua di limitare le informazioni che risulterebbero sensibili e compromettenti nel delicatissimo ambito in cui da molti anni opera, ambito reso ancor più complicato con la presenza di un partner commerciale che dovrà gestire la delicatissima fase della presentazione al mercato della sua “creatura” ma devo purtroppo gentilmente significarLe che la richiesta posta da P ha tutte le carte in regola circa il diritto di ottenere le opportune informazioni inerenti alle garanzie sui pagamenti che effettueremo in futuro. Devo anche sottolineare che nel post di P non ho ravvisato alcuna sfumatura offensiva; siamo solo in presenza di una persona, che come me e molti altri dopo aver per molto tempo creduto in Lei e sofferto con Lei vorrebbe essere premiata per i continui atti di fiducia con qualche informazione concreta.
Continuo a ritenere che Lei sia una grande persona, ma la prego di rivedere il suo atteggiamento nei confronti di chi crede ancora in Lei.
Con molta e sincera cordialità.
Claudio Varotto
Good morning Dr. Rossi, I have also been following you as P for many years and I have pre-ordered as P for a long time a considerable number of NGU units and I must express my surprise and perplexity at the responses that you have deemed to give to the posts published by P. I understand the need on your part to limit the information that would be sensitive and compromising in the very delicate field in which you have been operating for many years, a field made even more complicated by the presence of a commercial partner who will have to manage the very delicate phase of presenting your “creation” to the market, but unfortunately I must kindly inform you that the request made by P is fully in order with regard to the right to obtain the appropriate information regarding the guarantees on the payments that we will make in the future. I must also emphasize that I did not detect any offensive undertones in P’s post; we are only in the presence of a person, who, like me and many others, after having believed in you for a long time and suffered with you, would like to be rewarded for the continued acts of trust with some concrete information. I continue to believe that you are a great person, but I ask you to review your attitude towards those who still believe in you. With great and sincere cordiality. Claudio Varotto
Claudio Varotto:
Thank you for your opinion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andera Rossi,
We should by now have a sett brand name for Your amazing E-cat technology. Creating a strong brand identity is an integral aspect of any consumer business
Shall we use one or several of the following:
1.0 E-Cat
2.0 E-Cat The New Fire
3.0 E-Cat Power
4.0 NGU Power Cell
5.0 Each compact NGU Power Cell generates 10 W
6.0 ECAT
7.0 ECAT ZPE
8.0 ECAT ZPE-Generator
9.0 ECAT ZPE Zero-Emission Electronic Energy Generator
10.0 ECAT ZPE Electromagnetic Quantum Vacuum Energy Power Cells
11.0 The NGU
All the Best,
Jorn-Erik
Jorn-Erik Ommang, Eng.:
Thank you for your encouragement,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Thank You again for providing us with this amazing ECAT technology that I know based on my own ZPE R&D is a functional reality.
Some questions:
1.0 We only have the picture of 3 kW ECAT on the table. Do You have some pictures of the ECAT I can use on my web site?
2.0 Will we get some pictures of the ECAT in the report on July 7th?
3.0 How many Pre-orders of 100 Watt and above have You received? Is it:
3.1 1.000+
3.2 5.000+
3.3 10.000+
3.4 or a higer number of Pre-orders
3.5 Have You received Pre-orders for 1MW ECAT
Thank You.
All the Best,
Jorn-Erik
https://www.climatesolutions.tech/
Jorn-Erik Ommang, Eng.:
1- no
2- no
3- n.a.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Happy July 4th !
CEO Dr. Andrea Rossi at Leonardo Corporation, an inventor and scientist with many patents to his name, have for more than 20 years meticulously and persistently performed R&D that now have resulted in the fantastic ECAT series of totally New Green Renewable Energy products that generates electric power directly from Quantum Vacuum Energy.
Chief Scientist Andrea Rossi has now managed what Nikola Tesla experienced was possible:
«Throughout space, there is energy . . . it is a mere question of time when men will succeed in attaching their machinery to the very wheel work of nature.”
– Nikola Tesla
Green Electricity from Nature – The ultimate Climate Solution Technology
All the Best,
Jorn-Erik
https://www.climatesolutions.tech/
Jorn-Erik Ommang, Eng.:
Thank you for your suggestion
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Now it’s the first week of July: will you report about the status of the Ecat situation, as promised ?
Anonymous:
Yes, on July 7th
Warm Regards,
A.R.
To all our Readers who are US citizens:
Happy July 4th !
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Mr Rossi,
I think you misunderstood my previous question.
It’s good that I can cancel my pre-order at any time but my question is about the actual delivery. What I want to know is whether the recipient of my payment will be a well-known company with financial muscle?
Best regards
/P
P:
I understood perfectly your question and its insulting innuendo. This is why I told you that if you do not trust us, you are free to cancel anytime your pre-order without consequences.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
It seems to me that the NGU sales prices listed on the NGU product price list as well as the order of product fulfillment is highly uncertain. In other words, which buyers will take delivery is highly uncertain regardless of their place on the preorder list.
This is based on the assumption that the three manufacturing sites will be placed into service one at a time over an extended period. It would be unwise to build all three factories symaltainiously.
The current state of international commerce is highly uncertain because of the tariff structure that is currently in place.
From a pricing standpoint It would be wise for the partner to fill the orders of buyers from the countries covered tariff wise with the first NGU factory that will go online. Then the orders associated with the second tariff zone would go second, and finally the third.
The NGU buyers that are not covered under that tariff structure are best bypassed until the second and third manufacturing plants go online.
For example, the partner should avoid filling product orders from U.S. buyers until the U.S. manufacturing plant goes online to avoid tariffs on NGU product from other countries either in Europe or in Asia. Then no tariffs would be imposed on the price of the NGU order fulfillment in the U.S..
axil:
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hi, Andrea.
Do you believe that the following 10 points will align with the E-Cat NGU?
WHAT IS AN IDEAL/PERFECT ELECTRICAL GENERATOR?
It should have the following abilities/characteristics;
1) provide power free of monetary charge.
2) be modular to provide power in steps from zero to mega Watts and greater,
for various different applications.
3) occupy as little volume as possible and be easily portable.
4) be able to function in any part of the world and beyond.
5) be cheaper to purchase than any other generator for the same power output.
6) be able to run with or without stops for 10 years at least.
7) should be available to all people who want/need it.
8) must not produce any undesirable byproducts.
9) must be silent while operating.
10) must be easy to use , and safe once multiple modules are correctly linked.
Please feel free to make suggestions for any modifications if you have the time. Your thoughts are always valuable to us who follow your progress.
Looking forward to your upcoming news. Warmest regards. Jean Pierre.
Jean Pierre:
1- no
2- yes
3- depends on the power
4- depends on the situation
5- does not depend only on the Ecat manufacturers, but also on the progress of the competitors
6- It is a projection, we cannot guarantee this
7- yes
8- yes
9- within the limits allowed by the local laws
10- yes
Thank you for your support,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
From a previous statement you have estimated the life of the E-Cat (aka NGU) to be 100,000 hours. One would then believe that one or several E-Cats must have been in continuous operation in a test bed or in some kind of application for a significant time to support the statement of this long life.
May I ask what is the accumulated time of continuous outage free operation of the E-Cats (in test bed or in an application) up to date? What is the longest continuous outage free operation of a single E-Cat?
Thank you if you can answer.
Kind regards,
Calle H
Calle H:
As I said many times here, the 100,000 hours is a theoretical projection, not an experienced guarantee.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Some out-of-the-box thinking about the process of scientific discovery. Interview with Gerard ‘t Hooft.
https://static.scientificamerican.com/dam/m/79a43a619418606e/original/SciAm_0708_2025.pdf
Chris Beall:
Thank you for the link,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
I will release a report about these issues by the next week,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
1. Are you satisfied with the progress toward commercial deployment of the eCat NGU technology?
2. Do you still expect NGU units to be delivered on the long-term orders by the end of this year?
Dear Dr. Rossi,
How do you predict the development of ECat technology in the next 5-10 years? It would be interesting to hear your thoughts.
In what directions will ECat technology develop first of all?
In terms of future research, what problems are you currently working on?
Best regards,
Yury
Yury Evdokimov:
As the chief scientist I will follow the indications of the licensee; I will give suggestions, but the strategy will be decided by them.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
if someone orders ecat ngu now, how long he has to wait until the delivery, after the production has started?
Warm regards
W.Rudolf
W. Rudolf:
I am not able to answer yet,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr. Rossi,
I imagine that the Ecat NGU models in preparation are now standardized in terms of features, except perhaps in minor details.
I think that you, as Chief Scientist, are therefore no longer working for such Ecats but are dedicating yourself to new things or important developments of this technology.
If I may suggest, it would be of considerable importance to realize a practical application of any device powered by a suitable Ecat.
An example that comes to mind, I was thinking of drones.
These devices are increasingly spreading and are used in numerous civil applications thanks to their versatility, ability to access hard-to-reach areas and advanced technologies.
Here are the main uses:
Aerial photography and videography: used to acquire footage at events, films, documentaries, tourism and real estate marketing.
Precision agriculture: monitoring crops, mapping soil, spraying pesticides or fertilizers and analyzing plant health through sensors.
Infrastructure inspections: Inspecting bridges, power lines, wind turbines, solar panels and other hard-to-reach structures.
Logistics and delivery: Delivering packages, medicines or essential goods, especially in remote areas or in emergencies.
Environmental monitoring: Detecting forest fires, monitoring pollution, observing wildlife and monitoring climate change.
Search and rescue: Locating people lost in rough terrain and supporting the response to natural disasters, such as earthquakes or floods.
Mapping and surveying: Creating 3D maps, topographic surveys, geological analysis and monitoring construction sites.
Security and surveillance: Patrolling sensitive areas, monitoring traffic or supervising public or private events.
Healthcare: Transporting medical samples, defibrillators or vaccines to hard-to-reach areas.
Education and research: Used in universities and research centres for scientific studies or technological development.
Battery Life on Drones:
Drone battery life varies based on model, size, weight, payload, and operating conditions. Here’s an overview:
Consumer drones (e.g., DJI Mavic, Phantom): Typically, battery life ranges from 20 to 40 minutes. For example, the DJI Mavic 3 Pro offers about 43 minutes of flight time in optimal conditions.
Professional/industrial drones: These can reach 30-60 minutes of flight time, depending on payload and features (e.g., heavy sensors or high-resolution cameras). Some inspection drones reach 50-55 minutes.
Long-range or specialized drones: With advanced batteries or hybrid systems (e.g., combined combustion engines), they can fly for 1-2 hours or more. Examples include delivery or extensive mapping drones.
Experimental or military drones: Some prototypes with fuel cells or solar power can exceed 4-8 hours, but are rare in civilian applications.
Factors that affect flight time:
Weight of payload: Sensors, cameras, or packages reduce flight time.
Environmental conditions: Wind, temperature, and humidity affect power consumption.
Flight style: Aggressive or high-speed flights use more battery power than steady or slow flights.
Battery technology: Most drones use LiPo (lithium polymer) batteries, but high-density lithium batteries or fuel cells are emerging for extended flight time.
Note: Manufacturer-declared flight time is often based on ideal conditions (no wind, minimal payload, stable flight). In real-world use, it may decrease by 10-20%. For applications that require longer flight times, automatic charging stations or drones with quick-swap batteries are used.
In conclusion: if one of these drones were equipped with a suitable Ecat, it would become a very notable commercial application for you.
Kind regards,
Italo R.
Italo R.:
Thank you for the link; answer: yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
Since the current global licensee has come on board, have new certifications been approved by a certifying agency?
Many thanks,
Frank Acland
Frank Acland:
The Ecat has already been certified by Leonardo Corporation.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
You said, The design of the casing will be more sophisticated, made by professionals.
Will this redesign have to new certificate for the ECAT NGU?
Best Regards,
Jaroslaw Bem
Jaroslaw Bem:
The design of the body does not affect the certification if it is made within its prescriptions,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Is the paragraph 2.2 still consistent with your idea of theoretical bases of the Ecat ?
I mean the par. 2.2 of
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Dear Mr Rossi,
I have been following your successes and failures since 2011 and have had my periods of doubt but the last year has been really positive. I placed my first order in 2012 and now I am looking forward to some kind of positive report regarding a first batch of mass-produced e-cat. Some of us private individuals who have placed orders will have to pay quite large sums before delivery which can feel a bit uncertain. Will the company we are going to pay be a well-known company with financial weight?
Best regards
/P
P:
The pre-orders are not binding: all the persons that made pre-orders are free to cancel them anytime without money changing pockets, for any reason they might have.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hi,Andrea. Glad to hear that things are fitting into place in your life with a new partner.
In the past a very large kW pre order target had to be met before any deliveries could start.
Since this situation appears to have become irrelevant because of the abilities of your partner, would you please tell us what percentage of that previous huge target pre order was actually achieved by January 2025? There is now no need to withhold this information,I feel.
Thanks in anticipation. All the best for these coming months and all the years to follow. Jean Pierre.
Jean Pierre:
The pre-orders will be dealt with by the Licensee.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
paul dodgshun:Thank you for your support,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
In the record of the UK Parliament:
https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/122626/pdf/
Written evidence submitted by Paul Dodgshun (GRI0001)
My current price for grid electricity is 30p/kwh. The running cost of the SKLep is zero but the capital cost is £2000 per kw. Depreciation over the predicted lifetime of 100,000 hours is 2 p/kwh.
Therefore, SKLep electricity costs 15 times less than grid electricity or 5 times less than mains gas when used for heating.
At these prices all other generation or capital expenditure on the grid will be massively
uncompetitive. It should be kept in mind that expenditure that further increases the cost of grid
electricity will accelerate the rate at which consumers abandon the grid and generate all their own
electricity.
Detail regarding SKLeps can be read at the URL:
http://ecatthenewfire.com
Dr. Rossi:
In your July progress report, I think it would be useful if the partner could verify the current Manufacturing Readiness Level (MRL) of the E-cat. I’ve been waiting 14 years to receive a production unit. Eagerly awaiting your report.
Drew G.
Drew G.,
Thank you for your suggestion.
The MRL contains issues presently confidential,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
Do you still plan to give an E-Cat progress report in the first week of July?
Best wishes,
Frank Acland
Frank Acland:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
To Italo R.
Your idea about drones is good. The problem is that E-Cat has a high weight in relation to instantaneous performance.
I have discussed with AI and received the following answer which shows that drones are possible.
📦 Power and weight budget
Part Estimated weight Power (W)
ZPE generator 250 g 100 W
Frame w/graphene 60 –80 g 0 W
ESC + FC 15–25 g 2–5 W
Motors + propellers 100 g 60–80 W
Camera/sensor 20–40 g 5–10 W
Total ~450–500 g 90–95 W
→ Good margin under 100 W and ~500 g total weight.
Regars Svein
Dr. Rossi,
in light of your knowledge of the progress of the work in the new plant, do you think that the delivery date scheduled for the end of the year can still be confirmed?
Best regards,
Italo R.
Italo R.:
Thank you for your suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
can you explain the electrons Zitterbewegung model ?
Ambrogio:
Please read the paragraph 1, page 3 on
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
and the related references 9, 16.
This passage is fundamental to understand what we think to be the theoretical bases of the Ecat technology,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Readers:
Please go to
http://www.rossilivecat.com
to find comments published in other posts of this blog,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
To Juan Carlos, Giuseppe Censorio and others with similar thoughts.
Pre-ordering enough E-Cat to cover your own needs is a good start to environmentally friendly investments that also provide excellent financial returns.
Regards Svein
Dear Andrea,
I would like to express solidarity and empathy with Juan Carlos’s comment.
Thanks, Giuseppe
Giuseppe Censorio:
I understand,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
I’ve been following LENR researchers and you since 1989; I suggest to install the Ecat in an EV with autonomous driving and make it drive around a track non stop for months,
Best Regards,
Neil Lizotte
Neil Lizotte:
Thank you for your suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
long ago and far away, I became a big Google fan.
I showed everyone I knew how they could use Google
to ask all kinds of questions and get answers back very quickly.
I was proud of what I had discovered, and happy to share what I knew.
But at the time, it never occurred to me to invest in Google by buying their stock.
Today, I very much regret not having had that idea.
For the last 8 years I have been following you.
I put in my pre-order for “my” Ecats when that was first made possible.
I have been telling everyone else I know (and care about) about the Ecat.
I show them the Youtube videos and explain the demonstrations.
I send them the link to this blog.
And recently, I thought about the idea of investing in Ecat technology.
Is that a naive question?
I can imagine, that I am not the only one, who is thinking this way.
Does that possibilty exist today?
Or is it being planned for some future date?
Just to be clear, I am not some million-dollar hedge-fund guy.
Just a normal sort of person with a few thousand dollars.
Can you steer me (and others thinking about this) one way or another?
I feel sure that your Ecat is going to change the world.
I would love to be a part of making that happen.
Thanks in advance,
Juan Carlos
Juan Carlos:
Thank you for your kind support.
Probably our global Licensee will eventually generate a spin-off that will go public; until then we are not authorized to collect public investments.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
I suggest a test should be conducted with Solar Inverter manufacturer(s) to test NGU Power Generator compatibility with inverters using the NGU Power Generator to input power into the solar panel inverter inputs. Specifically, the test should address the NGU Power Generator operation when the inverter input is programmed for solar MPPT operation.
If problems occur, the solution may be a software change in the inverters to optionally disable MPPT or a hardware adjustment of the NGU Power Generator output.
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Thank you for your suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
https://www.meter.com/resources/data-center-redundancy
Data center redundancy: N+1, 2N, and backup solutions guide
The “N+1” availability strategy, commonly used in critical systems like data centers, ensures high reliability by adding a single redundant component to the number needed for normal operation (N). This means that if any one component fails, the redundant component can immediately take over, preventing downtime.
Here’s a breakdown:
N: Represents the number of components required for a system to operate normally.
+1: Represents the single, redundant component that acts as a backup.
Example:
If a cooling system needs 3 units (N=3) to maintain optimal temperature, an N+1 configuration would include 4 units (3 for normal operation + 1 backup).
Benefits of N+1:
Increased Reliability: Prevents downtime due to single component failures.
Reduced Risk: Minimizes the chance of service interruptions.
Cost-Effective: Generally more affordable than fully redundant (2N) systems.
Limitations:
Vulnerable to multiple failures:
.
If two or more components fail simultaneously, the system may experience downtime.
Not suitable for mission-critical systems:
.
Systems requiring absolute zero downtime may need a more robust redundancy strategy like 2N.
The N + 1 availability strategy is compatible with the NGU multicore systems. If it is not currently implemented, it should be considered with automatic switchover as a future availability upgrade.
axil:
Thank you for the information and the link,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
to replicate the experiment described in
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
I understand that basic for the replication are the paragraphs 5,6; can you give further suggestions ?
Best,
Corinne Coyoud
Corinne Coyoud:
I suggest you to read carefully also the paragraph 4 and all the references you can find in the paragraphs 4, 5, 6, 7, because every reference contains the information specifically useful for the part of the text wherein is put the number of the reference,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
how would you define the electronic circuitry inside the Ecat:
a- simple
b- complex
c- very complex
d- extremely complex
JPR
Jean Paul Renoir:
d
Warm Regards,
A.R.
I can’t wait to get my hands on the e-cat. To be able to shout to everyone, enough oil! We don’t need it anymore! No more wars for oil and also for many raw materials.
Paolo Rampazzo:
Thank you for your support,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
A presentation to NASA to provide development resources for a interstellar missions to another earth like world for colonization.
This innovative development, combining the Reactionless Propulsion Drive (RPD) by BrLP with the NGU vacuum power system, presents a revolutionary approach to space travel. The RPD, demonstrating capabilities to generate substantial reactionless lift (over 100 lbs) based on fundamental physics principles (free electron, photon, and absolute space), enables trans-medium, omnidirectional craft with significant payload capacity. Its unique feature is the capability to provide unconstrained mobility. This, paired with the NGU power solution, which extracts power from the vacuum without needing fuel and generates no waste or heat, makes it uniquely suited for interstellar travel. The NGU’s advantage is its ability to provide continuous and virtually unlimited power extracted from the vacuum, freeing spacecraft from the limitations of carrying massive amounts of fuel, a major challenge in interstellar missions. This offers significant advantages over conventional propulsion systems, which are limited by fuel mass and require complex refueling strategies.
The Reactionless Propulsion Drive (RPD) by BrLP, coupled with the NGU vacuum power system, presents a paradigm shift in space travel, offering unprecedented capabilities for NASA. The RPD, based on fundamental physics (free electron, photon, and absolute space), produces over 100 lbs of reactionless lift in experiments. This enables trans-medium, omnidirectional craft with substantial lift capacity and unconstrained mobility.
The NGU system is uniquely suited for interstellar travel because it extracts electrical power from the vacuum, eliminating the need for fuel, waste, or heat generation. At a tolerable acceleration of 2g, the journey to Kepler-452b, roughly 1,400 light-years away, requires relativistic calculations:
Distance to Kepler-452b: 1,400 light-years.
Acceleration: 2g (2 * 9.8 m/s²).
Relativistic Travel Calculation: To find the proper time (time experienced by the traveler), the formulas for relativistic constant acceleration must be used.
Coordinate distance (\(x\)) as a function of proper time (\(\tau \)) and constant proper acceleration (\(a\)): \(x=(c^{2}/a)*cosh(a\tau /c)\).
Time elapsed on Earth (\(t\)) as a function of proper time (\(\tau \)) and constant proper acceleration (\(a\)): \(t=(c/a)*sinh(a\tau /c)\). For a one-way trip, the journey involves acceleration for the first half of the distance and deceleration for the second half.
The coordinate distance formula can be used to find the proper time. The distance to Kepler-452b is \(1,400light-years = 1,400*9.461*10^{15}meters\).
The proper time \(\tau \) can be found such that \(x=1,400light-years\) is reached when the ship has accelerated for half the distance. Using the distance formula with \(a=2g\): \(1,400*9.461*10^{15} =(c^{2}/(2*9.8))*cosh((2*9.8)\tau /c)\). Solving for \(\tau \) and then calculating \(t\) (time on Earth) using the time formula would give the travel time.
Due to time dilation, the time experienced by the travelers would be significantly less than the time elapsed on Earth. A journey to a star several hundred light-years away at 1g acceleration could take a few decades of ship time, while thousands or millions of years could pass on Earth.
Advantages of the NGU Power Solution:
Fuel-less Power: The NGU system extracts electrical power from the vacuum, removing the need for heavy fuel tanks, a significant limitation for deep space missions. The spacecraft can operate indefinitely as long as it’s in the vacuum of space.
Reduced Launch Weight and Costs: Launch weight and costs of space missions are significantly reduced.
Extended Mission Durations: Missions can be extended, enabling long-duration interstellar travel.
Reduced Environmental Impact: The NGU system generates no waste or heat, contributing to more sustainable space exploration.
The RPD and NGU system offer a future for interstellar travel. With continuous acceleration and a limitless power source, the development of these technologies could make human exploration of distant star systems, like Kepler-452b, a reality within a reasonable timeframe, despite the distances involved and relativistic effects. The NGU provides sustainable and unlimited power, enabling missions of unprecedented scale and duration.
The time it takes to reach half the distance to Kepler-452b at 2g is approximately 13 years (ship time).
The total travel time, including deceleration, is approximately 18.3 years (ship time).
https://brilliantlightpower.com/reactionless-propulsion/
axil:
Thank you for the information,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Don’t see much activity on social, but how close is this tech to coming to fruition ?
Dave Tozer
Dave Tozer:
We hope to start the deliveries within 2025,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
An introduction to the Microgrid Interconnect Device (MID).
“The MID is a device or system that allows for the safe and seamless connection of a microgrid to the main power grid. It ensures that the microgrid can operate in both grid-connected and islanded modes while maintaining the safety and reliability of the electrical system.”
Since the MID is installed, in a residential application, between the electrical Grid, and the Main electrical Panel, it should be only installed by certified professions.
However, once installed, it can be configured by trained personnel to add hybrid inverters and load shedding circuits. The MID has programmable software to handle one or more hybrid inverters (including attached battery storage systems). it may have smart ports to energize power demanding applications like EV chargers, electric water heaters, and air conditions and to control the total demand on the inverters.
For example, in an NGU-powered inverter, where the NGU-provided power is constant but limited, load shedding could be used so as to not exceed the capacity of the NGU Power generators. Likewise, where there was an excess of available power, the excess could be sent back to the electrical Grid.
Thoughts?
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Thank you for the information,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Physics: Researchers find evidence of strange fifth force – Futurezone https://share.google/VwdSEbudl7kQOdnh2
Perhaps also interesting?
Does the Ecat perhaps utilize this 5th force or interact with it…
Tommek:
Thank you for the information.
The “fifth force” purported in the link has nothing to do with the theoretical background of the Ecat.
The theoretical bases of the Ecat technology are definitely written in the publication
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Any eventual update is reported in it.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
Regarding product delivery (when the time comes)
1. When you start delivering the E-Cat units, will those who have placed the pre-orders have priority over the rest of the world?
2. Will the priority date of when the pre-orders were placed be honored?
3. Will those who placed pre-orders have the opportunity to change their pre-orders (e.g. order more units, or fewer units) when the time comes to make payment?
4. Once you start delivery, will you continue to receive pre-orders?
Thank you very much,
Frank Acland
Frank Acland:
1- the deliveries will respect the dates priority
2- yes
3 and 4- the sales are managed by the Licensee
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea
Regarding design, I expect the devices to be adapted for use in normal fuse boxes as far as this is possible.
Svein
Svein:
Thank you for your suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
@Klas:
Interesting links; it appears the publication
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
is spreading interest on the possibility to exploit the ZPE
Dear Andrea,
It seems that interest in Nikola Tesla’s Liberty Engine (harvesting ZPE?) has been growing lately.
Here are some interesting links on the subject:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s2ksbKfVA40
https://www.youtube.com/@thelibertyengineproject7966
https://www.youtube.com/@TheForgeEmpire
Best regards
Klas
Klas:
Thank you for the links,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Will the body of the Ecat remain the same as shown in http://www.ect.com or will it be redesigned ?
Donna:
The design will be more sophisticated, made by professionals,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Among the references in the Bibliography of the publication
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
I noticed the reference #13 and it seems to me that it inspired your experimental set. Am I wrong ?
Best,
Henry
Henry:
You are not wrong; actually, every single reference has a precise reason to be in the Bibliography in correspondence of where they are noted,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea
On May 7, we received confirmation that your partners had successfully completed tests.
That there could be important news as early as the beginning of July is impressive.
We are all looking forward to what this announcement entails.
Regards Svein
Svein:
Thank you for your attention,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Is everything proceeding along your original scheduling ?
Best,
Jorge
Jorge:
Yes, so far,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
I commented on Sabine’s latest video on vacuum energy as follows:
Exciton-polariton condensates are non-equilibrium systems: Unlike traditional Bose-Einstein condensates, exciton-polariton condensates are driven-dissipative systems, meaning they are continuously pumped with energy and simultaneously lose energy.
The “negative energy branch” or “ghost branch”: Research suggests that the non-equilibrium nature of these condensates can suppress the visibility of the Bogoliubov dispersion in a negative energy branch. This is sometimes referred to as the “ghost branch”.
Significance of the “negative energy branch”: The existence and properties of this negative energy branch are important for understanding the quantum depletion of the condensate and deviations from equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensation behavior.
Scattering channel to the ghost branch: Although suppressed, a scattering channel to this “ghost branch” can still be present.
Exciton-polariton condensates can exhibit dispersion where the group velocity is opposite to the direction of their momentum. This phenomenon is associated with an inverted dispersion relation and effectively, a negative effective mass for the polaritons.
Negative Effective Mass: In certain systems, the dispersion relation can be such that the energy decreases with increasing momentum in a particular range. This corresponds to a negative effective mass, and consequently, the group velocity is directed opposite to the momentum.
This “ghost branch” reduces the vacuum energy potential in the space that the BEC resides in which produces a true vacuum state that is less energetic than that of the ambient false vacuum.
This true vacuum is nucleated with a domain wall into which the false vacuum transfers energy into. The bubble of true vacuum increases over time until it becomes unstable. Upon instability, the true vacuum bubble terminates in a bosenova from which high energy electrons are extracted to form an electric current.
A device that produces electric current derived from the vacuum using this methodology will be commercially available before the end of this year.
Sabine Hossenfelder does not accept the concept of negative energy. She expresses her opinion in a comment associated with this article under her nick name Bee;
https://pubs.aip.org/physicstoday/online/5097/Don-t-dismiss-negative-mass
She has rejected my understanding of the existence negative energy in posts that we have discussed.
Furthermore, the existence of negative energy is contentious within the science community.
It is negative energy that makes possible the extraction of energy from the vacuum. Sabine does not accept that a region in the vacuum can be reformed into a lower state of energy than the ambient vacuum. It is this difference in energy levels that is called a true vacuum from which energy can be extracted,
I now ask the AI to factcheck my statements about Sabine:
Your description of Sabine Hossenfelder’s stance on negative energy and vacuum energy extraction seems accurate based on various sources.
Here’s a breakdown of the key points:
Sabine Hossenfelder’s View: She expresses skepticism towards the concept of negative energy in the context of it leading to an unstable vacuum and the possibility of extracting free energy from it.
The Casimir Effect: This is a real phenomenon that does predict negative energies, but its implications for extracting usable energy are debated. Hossenfelder acknowledges the Casimir effect but questions the interpretations surrounding it as a source of free energy.
Vacuum Energy and “True Vacuum”: Your understanding aligns with the idea that extracting energy from the vacuum would require a state with lower energy than the ambient vacuum, sometimes referred to as a “true vacuum”.
Contention in the Science Community: The existence of negative energy and the possibility of extracting energy from the vacuum are indeed controversial topics in physics. While some theoretical possibilities exist, they face significant hurdles and have yet to be reliably demonstrated.
In summary: You’ve correctly identified that Sabine Hossenfelder is skeptical of the concept of negative energy leading to extractable energy from the vacuum, and this view is generally shared within the scientific community regarding “free energy” from the vacuum.
————————————–
Referencing the posts from axil in this blog: http://rossilivecat.com/ to understand the negative energy mechanisms that I am referring to. In my last post to Dr. Rossi, I make the case for the existence of negative energy as the essential mechanism from which energy can be extracted from the vacuum, and how this negative energy is formed based on recent experimental findings in how the vacuum is manipulated to produce that region of reduced energy.
This issue of the existence of negative energy and its critical role in the extraction of energy from the vacuum should be a major point in Dr. Rossi’s theory paper but he only makes tangential references to how this vacuum energy extraction process is accomplished.
Dr Rossi’s statement “concept of reverse difference of entropy that is the core of our rationale.” should include that the nature of the exciton polariton condensate which produces this difference in entropy also generates the negative energy waveforms that creates the true vacuum state (aka Casimir zone) from which energy can be extracted.
AI analysis as follows:
Based on your query, which cites discussions on the Journal of Nuclear Physics blog ( http://rossilivecat.com ), you’re raising an interesting point about the role of negative energy, particularly in the context of vacuum energy extraction and its potential connection to Dr. Rossi’s work on the E-Cat.
Key Points from Your Query:
You suggest that negative energy is essential for extracting energy from the vacuum.
You propose that exciton-polariton condensates, which are part of Dr. Rossi’s theory (“reverse difference of entropy”), play a role in generating the negative energy waveforms needed to create a region of reduced energy (or “true vacuum state,” also called a “Casimir zone”) from which energy can be extracted.
You believe that this concept of negative energy and vacuum energy extraction should be more prominently featured in Dr. Rossi’s theoretical framework.
Relevant Information from Search Results:
Negative Energy in Quantum Physics: Quantum physics permits the existence of negative energy under specific conditions, according to SciTechDaily: https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-vacuum-negative-energy-repulsive-gravity/ . It’s a concept that involves having less energy than empty space, but creating it is theoretically challenging.
Exciton-Polaritons: These quasiparticles can exhibit negative effective mass under certain engineered conditions in microcavities. This negative mass signifies that the energy of the condensate decreases with increasing momentum, leading to energy flow in the opposite direction of momentum.
Casimir Effect: This effect demonstrates that the energy density between conductors can be negative or positive, and it’s associated with a negative pressure (attraction) between plates. Some speculate that the Casimir effect could potentially be used to extract energy from the vacuum.
Vacuum Energy Extraction: While studies explore methods to extract energy from the quantum vacuum (e.g., via the Casimir effect), it is generally believed to be extremely difficult or impossible. This is because the quantum vacuum is considered the lowest possible energy state.
Connecting to Dr. Rossi’s Theory:
Based on the limited information from the search results, it appears there’s a theoretical link being explored in the discussion you cited between exciton-polariton condensates, negative energy concepts, and the Casimir effect. If Rossi’s “reverse difference of entropy” involves exciton-polariton behavior with negative effective mass, it could theoretically lead to localized regions of reduced energy within the vacuum, consistent with the idea of a “Casimir zone”.
In summary, your points regarding the potential role of negative energy in vacuum energy extraction, linked to the properties of exciton-polariton condensates and the Casimir effect, are aligned with some theoretical explorations in the field. However, it’s important to note that extracting usable energy from the quantum vacuum is still highly speculative and faces significant theoretical and practical challenges.
Disclaimer: It’s important to critically evaluate claims regarding energy extraction from the vacuum and to refer to peer-reviewed scientific literature for authoritative information on these complex topics.
I recently came across this video by the phisicist Sabine Hossenfelder, whom I actually hold in high regard, who is once again repeating what we already know:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YZnjDR-GglE
Best Regards
Michael
Michael Geipel:
Thank you for the link. Interesting and decent the video produced by Prof. Sabine Hossenfelder; her approach is intelligent, albeit quite distant from the approach of the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
and the concept of reverse difference of entropy that is the core of our rationale.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
One central tenet of your theory is that the vacuum can be changed by the appropriate application of EMF waveforms. In your theory paper, the Aharonov-Bohm effect is a method whereby the vacuum can be affectedly modified to achieve results. A new experiment has recently been shown to produce modification of the vacuum leading toward producing an effect that shows how the vacuum can be engineered to form cluster formation. “vacuum four way mixing” as shown here
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=soYNy4KL7ls&t=3s
adds credence to the process by which a negative energy waveform can interact with the vacuum to change its nature.
The Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect indeed showcases how electromagnetic potentials can influence a charged particle’s phase shift, even in regions free of electric or magnetic fields. This concept suggests that the vacuum itself possesses structure and can be modified by the presence of electromagnetic potentials. Gauge theory applied to electrodynamics demonstrates that the AB effect can be interpreted as energy inherent in the vacuum, capable of being extracted.
The idea of vacuum modification via EMF waveforms is further supported by the concept of vacuum fluctuations. These fluctuations, as shown in studies of electron diffraction by vacuum fluctuations, can lead to decoherence and self-interference, analogous to the Aharonov-Bohm effect. This suggests that vacuum fluctuations themselves, influenced by materials or potentials, can affect the behavior of particles.
The YouTube video about “vacuum four-way mixing” potentially describes experiments or theories that explore the interaction of negative energy waveforms that are produced by the exciton-polariton condensate with the vacuum to alter its state. This would align with the idea that the vacuum is not merely empty space, but a dynamic entity susceptible to manipulation by specific energetic interventions.
This new experiment has indeed demonstrated the formation of clusters by engineering the vacuum through EMF waveforms, and would provide compelling evidence for the theory of vacuum engineering. Such experiments would represent a major advancement in understanding and potentially harnessing the properties of the vacuum.
In summary, the Aharonov-Bohm effect and related concepts like vacuum fluctuations provide a theoretical framework for understanding how the vacuum can be influenced by electromagnetic potentials. Experiments demonstrating the engineering of vacuum properties, such as the formation of clusters using EMF waveforms, would strongly support this framework and suggest the potential for further breakthroughs in vacuum energy utilization and manipulation.
axil:
Thank you for your analysis of
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
and for the link,
Warm Regards
A.R.
Dear Andrea, excuse the boldness of this question. There has been a lot of talk about LENR and currently it has not yet been irrefutably ascertained that it is possible. ZERO POINT ENERGY, as much as the Casimir effect can be considered real with its “verification” in 1997 by Steven Lamoreaux, is not considered reality by everyone, (what guarantee was there that the vacuum in the experiment was really empty? and that the temperature was really very close to absolute zero? and that the surface of the sphere and the plate were actually “smooth” at atomic level?).
So for the ECAT, which certainly works (I was at the Latina Test, for the others in the blog) why talk about ZPE when in its cell there is certainly neither absolute vacuum nor temperature close to zero but there is a nice cloud of electrons, a mini plasma, at a temperature not even too high, of which you can modulate the electronic coherence and extract a notable quantity of overunity electrical energy? Why not talk more “simply” about energy extraction from the plasma? Which at least is well known and understood by many.
ECAT: an incredible plasma electric power generator. (no hydrogen fusion please!)
Hi Andrea give us some good news.
Neri Accornero:
Thank you for your insight and for your continuous support. I don’t think it is important in this moment a theoretical discussion; the theoretical bases of the Ecat have been rigorously reported in the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
The focus now is: manufacturing and delivering the products.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr Andrea Rossi,
Can we expect that the next report will bear important news ?
Jan:
I hope so,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr Andrea Rossi,
We are contiuing to replicate and improve our replication of the experiment described in paragraphs 5,6,7 of
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Ambrogio:
Thank you for your update,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
When will you publish here the next monthly report about the progress toward the Ecat deliveries initiation after the report made in May ?
Best,
JPR
Jean Paul Renoir:
We will report important progress within the first week of July,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Is the standard SKLep unit a DC input/DC output only, with additional components available for AC input and/or AC Output? Such as AC to DC wall adapters or power supplies and a DC to AC inverter separate from the standard SKLep unit?
Steven N. Karels:
Yes, as an optional,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Will the 2kW Power generator have the option at the time of ordering of having a DC Voltage output of 240 VDC?
Dr Rossi,
About your answer to Ambrogio: will the pre-orders arrived so far maintain the same price ?
Michel:
Yes; the Licensee will contact all the persons that sent us the signed pre-order forms to turn the pre-orders into regular orders and proceed as written in the signed pre-order forms,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi
Will it be possible to lower the prices of the Ecat in a short term ?
Ambrogio:
In a short term I do not think it will be possible; anyway, this issue does not depend on Leonardo Corporation anymore.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
to:Rodney Nicholson
My understanding is that the E-Cat can produce heat without need for expensive inverters. Steam produces tremendous torque without need for massive batteries. Dr Rossi has mentioned how complicated to coordinate electric auto software with E-Cat electricity.
I agree that E-Cat electric should be more efficient than steam but since no electric EV companies have come forward then E-Cat steam power might be a viable option, maybe more viable for ships and military tanks.
Iggy
Dr Rossi,
Do you think that the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
is still the best way to replicate the experiment of the paragraphs 5,6,7, or you think it could be updated ?
Ron:
There is nothing to update, the paper you cited is surely the best base to replicate,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
To Svein:
That fantasy story was created by Grok’s AI with a prompt from me.
I like science fiction, and I’m a fan of the Ecat saga, so I wanted to create a little SF story.
However, I also asked Grok what he thought about it, and here’s his answer:
——————–
Some researchers speculate that manipulating the ZPE could have implications for spacetime, since the energy of the quantum vacuum is related to the structure of the space-time fabric according to general relativity.
In particular:
Curvature of spacetime: The energy density of the vacuum contributes to the curvature of spacetime, as suggested by the cosmological constant in general relativity.
However, the cosmological constant problem shows a discrepancy of 120 orders of magnitude between theoretical predictions of the ZPE and experimental observations, indicating that our understanding of how the ZPE interacts with spacetime is incomplete.
Speculative Effects: Some theoretical studies, such as those related to “spacetime engineering” or NASA’s “quantum vacuum plasma thruster” (Q-thruster) concept, hypothesize that manipulating vacuum fluctuations could generate effects such as propellant-free propulsion or local alterations of spacetime. However, these experiments (e.g. those of Eagleworks Laboratories) have produced controversial results, with thrust measurements in the micronewton range, often attributed to experimental errors rather than real phenomena.
Potential Risks: Large-scale speculation suggests that manipulating the ZPE could have unpredictable consequences, such as instabilities in the fabric of spacetime or anomalous gravitational effects.
However, these ideas remain highly speculative and lack experimental support.
——————–
Kind Regards,
Italo R.
Italo R.:
Yes, so far,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
It is approximately 5 months before your delivery of NGU Power Generators. When will you finalize the published specifications?
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Approximately hen the deliveries will begin,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hi Andrea,
Please comment on my speculation on E-Cat’s disruptive way forward:
1. Stage One (2025) – Introduction. Over and over, brilliant and cynical physicists and business people say: “If E-Cat works, let’s see it as a product.” When the first E-Cats are delivered and announced, like when ChatGPT broke through 20+ years of AI speculation, three reactions will occur: a. publicly traded companies in legacy energy industries will take a stock-price hit, b. all companies that mention LENR or zero-point energy will receive investment attention. c. The efforts to undermine E-Cat’s success will escalate. E-Cat will create a villain’s dilemma – fighting E-Cat will put them at a disadvantage when competitors gain an advantage with E-Cat; hopefully, many will relent and decide to embrace E-Cat. Legacy energy industries use a lot of energy in their operations; E-Cat will allow them to lower their costs.
2. Stage Two (2026-2030) E-Cat availability as a modular energy device scales up and severely impacts the legacy energy providers. At least four other zero-point companies will deliver their first units, including Clean Planet, in 2026. Zero-point energy devices will quickly become commoditized. There’s a divide between the plug-and-play consumer devices and the commercial devices. E-Cat will be available in retail places like Walmart by 2030. ChatGPT speculated that three $2B automated E=Cat factories could produce enough E-Cats that, in total, could produce enough energy to replace the planet’s entire peak energy usage (19 terawatts – 4 tW of 19 tW is electricity) in 94 weeks; this hypothetical scenario assumes no supply chain or deployment issues. If ChatGPT is wrong by 5X, it happens in 10 years. Humanity spends $10T per year on energy. Like ChatGPT, E-Cat should become the trusted, largest standard modular energy device provider. Companies that have high energy expenses will be required to adopt E-Cat as rapidly as possible to remain competitive. Energy projects will be cancelled. Investments will be written off. In terms of watts, energy usage will increase dramatically due to the low cost. Air pollution will decrease significantly.
3. Stage 3 (2026-2035) – Vertical Uses and indirect impacts. Transportation (plane, trains, automobiles, ships), drones, appliances (A/C, refrigerators), laptops, cell phones, robots, space ships. An example of an indirect impact: 50% of carbon fiber’s cost is energy; carbon fiber will become more affordable. E-Cat will address IA’s giant energy demand.
4. Stage 4 (2030 on) – Sci-fi world. Hovercrafts, desalination, pulling clean water from humidity, Who know what people will implement with low-cost energy?
E-Cat’s revenues will be crazy. Commoditization will lower margins long-term. There will be a land grab for securing license agreements, which will be very profitable. What is the E-Cat-generated energy cost? For example, if natural gas is $50 a megawatt-hour, is E-Cat $5 a megawatt-hour?
Thanks.
Greg
Greg Smith:
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Egregio Dott. Rossi
In attesa di ulteriori aggiornamenti che illustrino i passaggi più significativi del processo di consolidamento che Lei e il Suo partner state portando avanti per la commercializzazione del prodotto, vorrei sottoporLe una domanda che reputo particolarmente critica e che continua a tormentarmi.
Condividerà, credo, l’idea che l’invenzione possa avere un impatto rilevante sul settore energetico globale, con conseguenze di vasta portata anche in ambito occupazionale. È fondamentale che Lei e tutte le parti coinvolte siate pienamente consapevoli di tali implicazioni.
Lei ha dimostrato più volte che, grazie alla determinazione e – perché no – alla fiducia in Dio, è riuscito a far evolvere il prodotto fino all’attuale stato dell’arte (ero presente anch’io, come spettatore, al Polo di Pordenone nel 2012), il tutto senza apparenti interferenze politiche o intimidazioni, almeno per quanto è dato sapere alla community che La segue da circa tredici anni.
Tuttavia, alla luce dei recenti sviluppi negli Stati Uniti (come l’intervento della Guardia Nazionale a Los Angeles), delle tensioni in aree strategiche per il controllo delle materie prime (in Ucraina, ma non solo), e dell’intensificarsi delle restrizioni agli scambi commerciali intercontinentali (Cina) – in uno scenario dominato da entità che appaiono sempre più indomabili – come intende affrontare le possibili reazioni delle parti lese che potrebbero cercare di ostacolarLa di fronte a un imminente cambio di paradigma?
L’analisi dell’evoluzione dei fatti suggerisce che, per quanto lavoro instancabile e fiducia in Dio restino fondamentali, potrebbero non bastare da soli a fronteggiare l’opposizione sistemica che un’invenzione tanto rivoluzionaria rischia di generare.
Cordialità/RA
Dear Dott. Rossi,
while waiting for further updates outlining the most significant steps in the consolidation process that you and your partner are carrying out toward the product’s commercialization, I would like to ask you a question that I find particularly critical and that continues to trouble me.
I believe you will agree that the invention could have a major impact on the global energy sector, with far-reaching consequences — including on employment. It is essential that you and all stakeholders involved are fully aware of these implications.
You have repeatedly shown that, thanks to your determination and — why not — your trust in God, you have managed to evolve the product to its current state-of-the-art form (I was also present, as a spectator, at the Pordenone Polo in 2012), all without any apparent political interference or intimidation, at least as far as known to the community that has followed you for around thirteen years.
However, in light of recent developments in the United States (such as the deployment of the National Guard in Los Angeles), tensions in strategically important areas for raw material control (Ukraine, among others), and the increasing restrictions on intercontinental trade (China) — all within a scenario dominated by seemingly untouchable entities — how do you plan to deal with potential reactions from injured parties who might attempt to obstruct you in the face of an imminent paradigm shift?
The unfolding of current events suggests that, while tireless work and trust in God remain essential, they alone may not be enough to withstand the systemic opposition that such a revolutionary invention is likely to provoke.
Best regards/RA
RA:
These issues will be confronted by the Partners. It is not part of my job, that is now exclusively technological.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
Have you already noted the Swedish one-man company Sagacitas, now referring to E-Cat and ZPE?
https://sagacitas.se
Any comment on their interpretation of the “7-point theoretical hypothesis”?
Best regards
Klas
Klas:
Thank you for the information,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
I hope you’ll allow me to humbly share a gentle concern. You write so beautifully and rightly about trusting in God, and how working tirelessly remains your guiding plan.
Yet I wonder: might weariness or the passing years eventually slow that work? I could be mistaken, but I sense you’ve stepped back from managing commercial production and distribution. I truly hope those who promised to handle this stay faithful to their commitment.
About trusting God: If we follow the news—though it often steers our thoughts—it sometimes feels as if God has handed the task to a careless or deceptive helper. So much injustice fills our world, standing almost opposite to the harmony we see in nature’s laws and life’s creative, healing power—the very proof of God’s existence you so wisely highlight.
I pray this is just a passing season, though I fear it may stretch beyond our lifetime. Oddly, today’s energy scarcity feels more like a gift than a curse. Imagine if armed drones could fly endlessly—we’d surely regret that “progress.”
Truthfully, humanity ought to celebrate zero-point energy discovery like a sacred gift. Cultivating it should become our shared mission, much like nature rewards those who adapt—not the strongest, but those who harmonize with life’s changing rhythms.
All the best,
Koen
Koen Vandewalle:
Thank you for your opinion and suggestions,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hello DR Rossi
Some incredible tennis in the single
Men’s final at the French Open.
https://youtu.be/CHstul_HVQI?si=6O50iDzCjyi_bnUH&utm_source=MTQxZ
Regards
Sam
Sam:
Thank you for the link, it will surely be of interest for all our tennis fans Readers,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea, I follow your extraordinary work since the beginning of this adventure. I’m grateful for your effort and I’m sure soon all humanity will be grateful to you as well. I think this will lead to a new kind of industrial revolution and the world next decade will be a very different better place to live. My question is: in case economical and financial trusts will try to stop this achievement do you have a plan B to let the world access to your incredible device to exploit free unlimited energy?
Zoltan:
Thank you for your support; the plan B is: work, work, work, trust in God, and completely ignore bullies.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
I read that you are using the A.I. some time since now: can you express your opinion about it after your experience so far ?
George:
The Artificial Intelligence is presently one of the most important tools I am using in my R&D work: it makes me save a lot of time when I have to study issues I do not know and whose understanding is important to resolve new problems. When I do not know an issue and I need to learn it to improve my work, I save an average of 90% of my time to learn it using the A.I.: this is a fact.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
With the advent of AI, it has become an imperative to introduce the NGU technology into the world without delay or restriction.
I asked the AI as follows:
Create a model that reflects the complex and uncertain factors involved in estimating approximately how long will the AI age will last before the world will run out of energy to support AI or the world will become uninhabitable due to Co2 greenhouse effects. Confirm that the AI age has a termination point, then factor in the NGU vacuum energy extraction system which is zero polluting and fuel free.
AI Answer
⚠️ Confirming a Termination Point
Without an infinite clean energy supply or climate reversal mechanism, the AI age has a theoretical termination point:
Scenario 1: Energy Deficit — AEC surpasses GEP (minus non-AI essential energy), leading to system collapse.
Scenario 2: Environmental Collapse — CO₂ emissions (especially from energy production) breach ECC.
Thus, yes, the AI age has a termination point, unless new technology (like NGU) significantly alters the energy landscape.
—————————————————-
📊 Base Model (Before NGU)
We’ll model the AI age lifespan under pre-NGU conditions.
Let’s define:
AEC(t)=A0⋅erat (exponential growth, due to AI scaling)
GEP(t)=G0⋅ergt (slower exponential growth)
CO2(t)=CO20+∫0tEfossil(t)⋅ϵCO2dt
Where:
A0 is current AI energy use (in exajoules),
ra is AI energy growth rate (e.g., 20%/yr),
rg is global energy production growth rate (e.g., 2%/yr),
ϵCO2 is CO₂ emitted per unit of fossil energy,
ECClimit≈500ppm CO₂ atmospheric concentration.
—————————————————-
📈 AI Age Termination Time Without NGU (t₁)
We define:
t1: Year when either AEC(t)>GEP(t)−Eessential(t) or CO2(t)>ECClimit
We solve for t1, typically numerically. For instance, using current estimates:
A0≈1.5 EJ (estimate for AI energy use in 2023),
G0≈620 EJ,
ra=0.2, rg=0.02,
We can simulate and find t1≈2040–2050 (depending on climate sensitivity and AI growth).
—————————————————-
🌀 Enter NGU Vacuum Energy System
If NGU starts being deployed at year YNGU, and meets a growing share ηNGU(t), we adjust:
GEP(t)=G0⋅ergt+GNGU(t)
GNGU(t)=ηNGU⋅Dtotal(t)
Where Dtotal(t) is global demand. If NGU replaces fossil fuel:
Fossil-related Efossil(t)→0
CO₂ emissions decline toward negative growth (cooling).
—————————————————-
🔄 Revised Termination Point (t₂) with NGU
Under successful NGU deployment:
GEP(t)≫AEC(t)
CO2(t)→stabilize or drop
→ AI age is no longer energy-limited or climate-limited.
—————————————————-
🧠 Conclusion
Condition …………………………………..Termination?……..Approximate Year
No NGU (status quo continues)………. ✅ Yes…………~2040–2050
NGU active, early + efficient……………..❌ No………….AI age continues indefinitely
NGU delayed or partial adoption………⚠️ Possible…~2050–2100 depending on delays
When the time comes, we are eager to discuss a 50-megawatt E-Cat configuration for a data center. We are working on three large data centers right now. A couple of years ago, Andrea calmly suggested it would take 5 x 1MW E-Cats for 5 megawatts of output. It takes about two years to permit and build a data center. Using natural gas to turn turbines is the current preferred method.
https://www.texastribune.org/2025/06/05/texas-data-centers-gas-power-plants-ai/
Greg
greg smith:
When ready, our licensee’s commercial branch will contact you to better understand,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dearest Andrea,
dealing with components resistance,
I’m curious if you also explored such matters.
For example what would happen during E-cat operation,
if one of the following events happen:
A) E-cat fall down (e.g. 1m height)
B) Hammer test on E-cat
C) Vibration test to simulate the mounting on a vehicle
D) High temperature environment (e.g. 168h@100ºC)
Warm Regards
Gianluca
GD:
See the data sheet on http://www.ecat.com for the temperature.
The other issues will be tested only for specicic custom applications.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
To Iggy Dalrymple:
I would have thought that using an Ecat to produce heat to power a steam-powered vehicle would be very much more complicated, AND EXPENSIVE TO PRODUCE, than simply applying power from the Ecat to an electric motor in the wheels. In competition with a cheaper electric-powered version I would expect the steam engine version to sell few vehicles, and its producer to go broke. Am I missing something?
Rodney.
I’m thinking that E-Cat might be the missing key to a successful steam powered car.
Iggy
Iggy Dalrymple:
Thank you for your opinion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea, in this video documentary, the great physic Nassim Aramein talks about you at minute 49. All this video explain Zero point Energy and equation. And he says you are the one.
For me is exciting.
Warm regards from Italy.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RovZmeI1-Zw
domenico canino:
Thank you for your support,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea
Transforming electricity will always entail a loss. When you need 110 V or 240V AC, it will therefore be economical to connect the E-Cat elements in series so that they supply the full voltage to the inverters.
Such inverters are not widely used. It therefore seems necessary that future licensees look more closely at the available options and are happy to cooperate in finding good suppliers.
To achieve 240 V, at least 20 E-Cat’s are needed in series.
Then 200 W, will be the smallest variant.
To achieve 1 kW, 5 such series must be connected in parallel. This must also be followed furter.
For inverters that are to be used in systems without a grid connection, the inverter should be equipped so that it can disconnect the least relevant loads when the load approaches the maximum.
Possibly a battery should also be included in the system to prevent unwanted disconnections of the E-Cat from occurring.
For systems that are to work together with a network, there should be a regulation that disconnects the E-Cat when the price of the grid power is lower than the cost of using the E-Cat.
For both conditions, it would be desirable for the inverter to be able to disconnect parts of the feeding E-Cat when the energy requirements are lower than the installed power.
This is to increase the lifespan of the connected devices.
It is possible that all of these conditions can be met in a specially designed inverter.
There are also other conditions that may be important. Further suggestions are welcome.
Svein
Svein:
Thank you for your suggestions,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
1) Does the reactor generate light? (as has been discussed before)
2) Is the availability of “light” or other spectrum wavelengths important for cluster formation?
3) Is the electron cluster composed of polaritons (photon + electron)?
4) Is reactor light generated as a consequence of a polariton termination (restoration of electron incoherence), at least in part?
5) Is reactor light generated due a pulse triggering cycle as with a xenon tube in flash or strobe applications regardless of the cluster?
Thank You
Steve D:
As I already said, I cannot add to these issues more information than what is described in
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
The reason for my question on the NGU Power Generator was for compatibility with the EG4 FlexBoss21 Hybrid Inverter. I understand that the 1kW and 2 kW versions of the NGU Power generator can have an output voltage of 120 VDC.
The EG4 FlexBoss21 Hybrid Inverter has DC Input Voltage range of 100 – 600 VDC. Its PV startup voltage is 100 VDC, and an MPPT Operating Voltage range of 120 to 440 VDC. Its maximum usable input current is either 26 Amps or 15 Amps, depending on which input is used.
It is potentially desirable to have the NGU Power generator(s) output a Voltage that is within the DC Input Voltage range but outside of the MPPT Operating Voltage range – so the inverter does not try to maximize the output of the NGU Power Generator(s). Four NGU Power Generators, wired serially, would meet this range. So would five NGU Power generators, but they would operate at the extreme input Voltage range of the Inverter.
Steven Nicholes Karels:
As I said, the Clients are free to choose the inverters they deem opportune for their specific situations, so long as they make the connections done by certified experts of the matter,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Here are the stats of the publication
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Total Readings: 159000, more than all the millions of publications on Researchgate,
and counting…
Prof
Prof:
Thank you for the update,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi:
Congratulations for how you dealt withthe issues of the last days,
All the best,
Cheers
Juseph
Juseph:
Please go to paragraph 5, 6, 7 of the paper you cited,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea
Transforming electricity will always entail a loss. When you need 110 V or 240V AC, it will therefore be economical to connect the E-Cat elements in series so that they supply the full voltage to the inverters.
Such inverters are not widely used. It therefore seems necessary that future licensees look more closely at the available options and are happy to cooperate in finding good suppliers.
To achieve 240 V, at least 20 E-Cat’s are needed in series.
Then 200 W, will be the smallest variant.
To achieve 1 kW, 5 such series must be connected in parallel. This must also be followed furter.
For inverters that are to be used in systems without a grid connection, the inverter should be equipped so that it can disconnect the least relevant loads when the load approaches the maximum.
Possibly a battery should also be included in the system to prevent unwanted disconnections of the E-Cat from occurring.
For systems that are to work together with a network, there should be a regulation that disconnects the E-Cat when the price of the grid power is lower than the cost of using the E-Cat.
For both conditions, it would be desirable for the inverter to be able to disconnect parts of the feeding E-Cat when the energy requirements are lower than the installed power.
This is to increase the lifespan of the connected devices.
It is possible that all of these conditions can be met in a specially designed inverter.
There are also other conditions that may be important. Further suggestions are welcome.
Svein
Dear Andrea
I refer to the input from S.N. Karels regarding DC/AC inverters.
Has any decision been made about what voltage level the DC side should have?
Has a position been taken on whether the partners should produce the necessary inverters themselves or get these from subcontractors?
Kind regards: Svein
Svein:
Please see the datasheets on
http://www.ecat.com
The Customers will be able to choose the inverters they prefer; the licensee will offer them as optionals,
Warm Regards,
A.R.