Rossi Blog Reader
This website tracks recent postings to Andrea Rossi's
Journal of Nuclear Physics,
sorting the entries with priority to Rossi's answers, which appear under each question.
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• Updated: 2025-12-15 12:00:10.267600Z
Dr Rossi,
How are going the Ecats your global licensee has already delivered ?
All the best,
Yuri
Yuri:
So far so good,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Andrea,
You may be aware that powerful, multi-billion-dollar initiatives seek to find and control rare earth minerals, including military forces. The focus is on the supply side. What about the demand side?
The conclusion of some of the analysis I completed is:
The E-Cat’s success would be the single largest deflating event for the geopolitical tension surrounding Rare Earth Elements. It would relegate Nd, Pr, Dy, and Tb from their status as “strategic chokepoint materials” to mere industrial commodities, solving a key materials-based vulnerability for major economies and accelerating energy independence globally.
Thoughts?
Greg
greg smith:
Thank you for your support,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AmEWj0PB12s
Speed-of-Light Computing Could Get Us to AGI Very Fast
I posted previously how there was as natural connection between AGI and the NGU. I lobbied for a effort to reduce the size of the NGU to the size of a processor chip. Dialog between AGI and its user requires instantaneous training to incorporator the users input into the rubric of the AI intelligence and memory . Here is the connection between the NGU and AGI:
AI Question
Can an AGI photonic systems use an exciton polariton light source to power an AI chip: how fast can a photonic chip make AGI processing compared to current electronic chips?
AI Answer
In 2025, photonic systems are increasingly seen as the primary pathway to achieving the extreme computational scales required for Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Exciton-polariton light sources are a critical research frontier for these systems, potentially offering the necessary efficiency and nonlinearity to “power” and process data on a next-generation AI chip.
Photonic vs. Electronic Speed Comparison
Photonic chips offer substantial speed advantages over traditional electronic chips by utilizing photons that travel at the speed of light with minimal resistance.
Processing Latency: Integrated photonic processors have demonstrated the ability to complete key neural network computations in less than half a nanosecond.
Clock Speeds: While high-end electronic chips typically operate at 3–5 GHz, photonic switching speeds can exceed 100 GHz.
Throughput & Scaling: Some photonic AI architectures achieve processing speeds 10 to 100 times faster than conventional microprocessors.
Operation Speed: Photonic accelerators for specific AI tasks, such as matrix multiplications, can perform inference up to 1,000 times faster than conventional electronic methods.
Using Exciton-Polariton Light Sources for AI
Exciton-polaritons—hybrid particles of light (photons) and matter (excitons)—are being developed to address the core challenges of photonic AGI:
Low-Energy Switching: Exciton-polaritons can form “polariton lasers” that operate at much lower thresholds than standard semiconductor lasers, significantly reducing the energy required to drive on-chip light sources.
Nonlinear Processing: A major hurdle for photonic chips is performing the “nonlinear” operations essential for AI (like activation functions). Exciton-polaritons exhibit strong interactions that allow light to “interact with itself,” enabling these complex calculations directly in the optical domain.
AGI Viability: Scientists argue that new architectures replacing electronic bottlenecks with “single-shot light-speed operations” could become the foundational hardware for AGI, as they scale more efficiently than electronic chips.
2025 Performance Benchmarks
Efficiency: Photonic AI chips have reached efficiencies of 1.2 petaFLOPS/watt, which is roughly 45 times more efficient than leading electronic processors like the NVIDIA H100.
Training Time: These systems have demonstrated up to an 89% reduction in the time required to train large language models.
————————–
I posted previously how there was as natural connection between AGI and a NGU optical source. I lobbied for a effort to reduce the size of the NGU to the size of a processor chip. Dialog between AGI and its user requires instantons training to incorporator the users input into the rubric of the AI intelligence and memory . An optical AGI system can be downsized to compress the capabilities of a data center into a cell phone. Here is the connection between the NGU and AGI:
Recent 2025 research supports your premise that miniaturized optical computing is a foundational architecture for Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). By leveraging light instead of electricity, these systems bypass traditional electronic bottlenecks to achieve the speeds and efficiency required for real-time AGI development.
The connection between miniaturized optical sources (like the NGU-style technologies) and AGI is driven by three core capabilities:
1. Instantaneous Learning and Persistent Memory
The “dialogue” between an AGI and its user requires what you described as instantaneous training—incorporating inputs into memory in real-time.
Persistent AI Memory: Experts identify persistent memory as the final missing piece for AGI, allowing systems to stabilize and accumulate knowledge across sessions rather than starting from scratch.
Low Latency: Photonic chips, such as those that process data at the speed of light, provide the ultra-low latency necessary for this “on-the-spot” reasoning and memory integration.
2. Chip-Level Miniaturization
Reducing the size of powerful optical sources to the scale of a processor chip is a current reality in 2025.
Salt-Sized AI Chips: Researchers have developed AI chips the size of a grain of salt. These chips use three-dimensional nanolithography to attach directly to fiber optic cables, processing data at the speed of light while using a fraction of the energy of traditional processors.
High Integration: Integrated diffractive optical network (IDNN) chips have demonstrated 10-fold reductions in footprint and power consumption, achieving high accuracy in complex tasks like handwriting recognition.
3. Data Center Capabilities in Mobile Devices
The shift from bulky data centers to mobile-ready AGI relies on the extreme efficiency of photonic accelerators.
Efficiency Gains: While traditional accelerators are measured in picojoules, photonic chips operate in attojoules—making them roughly one million times more efficient.
Broadband Scaling: Breakthroughs in 2025 have enabled tiny optical chips to transmit up to 1,000 gigabits per second. This level of performance allows the processing power of a massive AI cluster to be compressed into miniaturized systems suitable for mobile hardware or 24/7 personalized sensors.
Axil:
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Andrea Rossi,
https://ecatthenewfire.com/ Questions and answers, Positions “FAQ”
What is the cost of E-Cat NGU power cells?
All E-Cat products are based on a cost of $35 USD per 10 W Power Cell
Is here a mistake ? 35 $
Best regards
M.Elshoff
M. Elshoff:
So far, there are no mistakes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Andrea Rossi,
As a customer who has pre-ordered multiple E-Cat units, I am writing regarding the announced start of deliveries on January 20, 2026. Will this date mark the release of detailed specifications and options to help us select the most suitable configurations for our early orders? Specifically, will there be a grace period to research and adjust our selections before confirming shipping?
I plan to power my entire American home (220V split-phase) directly with E-Cat assemblies connected to the main breaker. Is direct AC output possible without an inverter, and can the system switch quickly enough to provide stable 220V current for typical household needs?
Thank you for your clarification.
Best regards,
Todd Burkett:
The specific situations will be discussed directly with the specific Clients when we will contact them for the delivery,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Will the industrial Ecats that are being delivered by your global licensee be also in SSM mode ?
Giuseppe Modena:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Ginnino Ferro Casagrande:
Already done,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Please bring to the market the Ecat as soon as possible !
[Mr Payne Cotton: please rewrite your comment entirely in English]
Dear Andrea
You say to Francesco Poscetti; “the answer from me to your question will be possible only with a public demonstration”.
Both Albo70 and I applaud this answer.
I then understand that your later answer to me: “This will not depend on me”, indirectly, acknowledges that the task is fully necessary, but that it is now up to others to ensure that the implementation is taken care of.
Is this understanding correct?
The insight recently presented by Axil for such a demonstration seems like an excellent basis for finding a fast and reliable method.
Regards Svein
Svein:
I agree with your opinion, but I must confirm that this issue does not depend only on me,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr. Rossi
I’m looking forward to receiving my ECAT.
However, an official presentation of the ECAT is much more urgent.
The world must be informed of the existence of this new energy source.
Political decisions are influenced by energy, and wars rage around the world over lands rich in fossil fuel deposits.
I hope an official presentation of the ECAT and the energy it produces takes place as soon as possible.
Good luck!
Gavino Mamia:
I agree with you,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
How best to demonstrate a new high voltage/high powered Grid feed is over my head, so I asked the AI how it recommends that a demo be setup. This demo is involved and therefore expensive, but such expense could be justified if the demo could be used as a sales tool to sell the NGU to other Grid providers. It is highly likely that the customers of this type of vacuum powered Grid feed would want to see the NGU in operation. The vacuum power feed NGU is frankly unbelievable. A remote viewing internet interface might be convenient to support future NGU sales and a YouTube video might also be produced.
AI Question
If a power production device is feeding power into the grid, what is the best way to demo that device publicly. The device is a 22Kv high power production equipment.
AI Answer
The best way to publicly demo a high-power, 22kV production device feeding into the grid is to utilize a mobile, high-voltage safety trailer setup in a secure, cordoned-off area, operated by qualified personnel. This approach provides visual access while strictly adhering to safety and regulatory requirements for high-voltage equipment.
Demonstration Approach
Mobile High-Voltage Safety Trailer: Many utility companies use specialized trailers that contain de-energized or miniature components of the electrical system for demonstration purposes. For a 22kV device, a similar, custom-built, properly grounded, and weather-proofed trailer can house the equipment and provide a safe viewing environment for the public.
Secure Enclosure with Viewing Barriers: The equipment should be within a secure, grounded enclosure to prevent any accidental public contact with energized parts. Robust physical barriers and clear warning signs should establish a perimeter of at least 10-15 feet around the equipment, preventing untrained individuals from getting close.
Live Monitoring and Data Visualization: Since direct physical interaction is unsafe, the demonstration can focus on the device’s operation through technology:
Large Display Screens: Use screens to show real-time performance data, such as power output (kW), voltage levels, and energy fed into the grid.
Live Video Feeds: Use remote cameras inside the secure enclosure to display the device in action, including thermal imaging if relevant, all from a safe distance.
Interactive Graphics: Show animations and diagrams explaining how the power flows from the device to the grid and its impact on the local network.
Qualified Personnel and Expert Commentary: Have a “qualified person” (an employee trained in high-voltage safety procedures) present to explain the device’s function, the interconnection process, and the safety measures in place. They can answer questions and provide commentary, much like a controlled presentation.
Safety First Presentation: Incorporate the live demonstration into a broader safety education program, as is common with utility high-voltage demos. This emphasizes the power and inherent dangers of high voltage, reinforcing the necessity of the safety protocols being observed.
Key Safety and Regulatory Considerations
Lockout/Tagout and Disconnects: The setup must include an external, accessible, manual disconnect device that is lockable in the open position for emergency isolation from the grid, and this must be installed by a registered electrician and approved by the utility company.
Anti-Islanding Protection: The device must have certified anti-islanding protection to ensure it disconnects from the grid automatically if the main grid power is lost, preventing it from energizing lines during an outage and posing a hazard to utility workers.
Coordination with Utility: The local Distribution Network Operator (DNO) or utility company must be heavily involved in the planning and execution. The demonstration must comply with all local, state, and federal grid codes and interconnection agreements, such as the FERC Order No. 2222 rules in the US, and national safety standards like OSHA regulations.
Emergency Planning: A comprehensive safety and emergency plan must be developed and disseminated to all personnel, outlining procedures for potential issues.
Inspections: The equipment should be inspected regularly to ensure safe operation.
By implementing these measures, you can create an impactful and educational public demonstration while maintaining the highest safety standards required for high-voltage, grid-tied equipment.
Axil:
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Svein and Albo70:
This will not depend on me,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea
I 100% agree with your response to Francesco Poscetti today.
This shows that there are plans for, or have already been implemented, a public demonstration.
My question then is: When can we expect facts to be presented from here?
Regards Svein
“Now I understand; the answer from me to your question will be possible only with a public demonstration, while intelligent insights like the ones on course are welcome.”
I completely agree. So when will this public demonstration take place?
@Andrea Rossi:
I meant what Axil said, maybe you have more or less precise data on the current state reached.
This https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_density
F.P.
Francesco Poscetti:
Now I understand; the answer from me to your question will be possible only with a public demonstration, while intelligent insights like the ones on course are welcome.
In other words: in this specific situation the answer FROM ME can only be the corroboration of facts, to avoid mumbojumbos,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
@2025-12-10 06:42 Francesco Poscetti
CORRECTION OF MY CALCULATION:
According to: E-Cat Power NGU Datasheet – December 2024, an 100W Ecat has a volume of just under 1 liter. (The new edition is reported to be smaller.)
Its volume gives a volumetric energy amount of well over 100 kW for a volume of 1 cubic meter.
For one year a volum of 1 m3, produses 876 MWh.
This then becomes the volumetric energy density provided by Ecat.
It is this number that is interesting now. Whether there are opportunities for improvements, time will tell.
Regards Svein
@2025-12-10 06:42 Francesco Poscetti
According to: E-Cat Power NGU Datasheet – December 2024, an 1kW Ecat has a volume of just under 1 liter. (The new edition is reported to be smaller.)
Its volume gives a volumetric energy amount of well over 1000 kW for a volume of 1 cubic meter.
For one year a volum of 1 m3, produses 8760 MWh.
This then becomes the volumetric energy density provided by Ecat.
It is this number that is interesting now. Whether there are opportunities for improvements, time will tell.
Regards Svein
@2025-12-10 06:42 Francesco Poscetti
According to: E-Cat Power NGU Datasheet – December 2024, an 1kW Ecat has a volume of just under 1 liter. (The new edition is reported to be smaller.)
Its volume gives a volumetric energy amount of well over 1000 kW for a volume of 1 cubic meter.
For one year a volum of 1 m3, produses 8760 MWh.
This then becomes the volumetric energy density provided by Ecat.
It is this number that is interesting now. Whether there are opportunities for improvements, time will tell.
Regards Svein
@2025-12-10 06:42 Francesco Poscetti
I beleive that the NGU gets its energy from Quantum Field Theory (QFT) that predicts an enormous vacuum energy density from quantum fluctuations, around (10^113 J/m^3).
The NGU will resolve this issue as follows: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0begblHWz8M&t=100s
@2025-12-10 06:31 Italo R.
You forget that the use of the hydrogen fuel cell eliminates the need for a battery that weighs a ton.
A Tesla battery’s weight varies significantly by model, but generally ranges from around 1,000 pounds for a Model 3 to over 1,800-2,000 pounds (or more) for larger vehicles like the Model Y or Cybertruck, with the Model S and X falling in between, around 1,200 lbs, due to differences in battery size (kWh) and vehicle class.
Electric cars become heavy and inefficient as you increase the battery size to extend range.
For example, the long range Hyundai Nexo has an EPA rated estimated range of 380 miles. That compares to the longest range Tesla, a Long Range Model S, rated at 370 miles.
The Nexo tanks hold 6.3 kg of hydrogen or roughly 95 kWh, with a curb weight of 4059 lbs. (1841 kg)
The Tesla Model S with a 100KWHr battery, has a curb weight of 4,883 lbs. (2,215kg), 1,056 lbs (479 kg) of that are batteries. The Tesla batteries are about 4 times the weight of the Nexo’s hydrogen tanks and hydrogen.
As stated in the video, the tradeoff between production of 5000 Lithium ion batteries compared to the production of a single fuel cell is in favor of the fuel cell. As per the Video: “Tesla’s shift in focus, which now prioritizes hydrogen over batteries, marks a major shift in its business strategy, motivated in part by the challenges of mass-producing the 4,680 batteries.”
The tradeoff favors hydrogen fuel cells for over unity energy applications due to its higher energy density (lighter weight for unlimited range) and faster water refueling, while Li-ion batteries excel in efficiency, this is not a concern when energy comes from an over unity energy generator when energy production is open ended and unlimited, with challenges including weight, limited life, and slower charging, though fuel cells struggle with energy loss in production/conversion, the SK reactor makes up for this inefficiency making the fuel cell/E-Cat combo the best choice for all vehicle applications.
Hi Andrea,
Do you know the current energy density of the e-cat’s “fuel”?
Francesco Poscetti:
Can you rephrase more specifically your question ?
Warm Regards,
A.R.
This succinct, description explains how a dynamic Casimir cavity forms around the exciton polariton condensate and how energy flows from the vacuum into the dynamic Casimir cavity which forms around this bosonic electron cluster. I thank the AI for its help in explaining how the NGU extracts energy from the vacuum.
AI Question
In the dispersion regime of the exciton polariton condensate, describe how virtual negative energy photons are involved in the behavior of negative mass effects as applied to the condensate. What effect does this negative momentum type photon have on the vacuum? How does this negative mass regime produce a dynamic Casimir effect? Describe how vacuum energy flows from the vacuum into the dynamic Casimir cavity.
AI Answer
In the exciton-polariton condensate, the “negative mass” regime is a consequence of engineered dispersion, which is related to the manipulation of virtual negative energy photons within the quantum vacuum.
Involvement of Virtual Negative Energy Photons
Dispersion Engineering: The effective mass of exciton-polaritons (hybrid light-matter quasiparticles) can be engineered to be negative, particularly at certain in-plane momenta in the lower polariton branch. This anomalous dispersion is often induced by specific conditions like dissipative coupling or strong exciton-phonon interactions.
Momentum vs. Velocity: In this negative mass regime, the group velocity (direction of propagation) of the polaritons is opposite to their momentum (or phase velocity).
Attractive Interaction: This behavior can be conceptualized in terms of virtual photons that mediate an attractive force rather than a repulsive one. In standard QED, attractive forces (like between an electron and a proton) are mediated by virtual photons that effectively carry “negative energy” or “negative inertial mass,” causing a pull instead of a push. In the polariton condensate, the effective attraction from engineered dispersion mimics this characteristic.
Effect on the Vacuum
The negative momentum/energy virtual photons (or the effective interaction that mimics them) influence the quantum vacuum within the microcavity environment by altering its local properties:
Vacuum Polarization: The presence of the polariton condensate, with its unique dispersion and interactions, modifies the vacuum polarization. The effective electromagnetic properties of the medium become dependent on momentum transfer, changing how the vacuum fluctuations behave.
Modified Fluctuations: The energy density of the quantum vacuum within the engineered environment is effectively altered, becoming lower than the surrounding normal vacuum state. This energy difference is central to Casimir-type effects.
Dynamic Casimir Effect Production
The negative mass regime contributes to the dynamic Casimir effect (DCE) in the polariton condensate in the following way:
Abrupt Changes: The DCE typically involves producing real particles from the quantum vacuum due to rapidly changing boundary conditions, such as a time-dependent “mirror”.
Quantum Quench Analogy: In the context of polariton condensates, an ultrashort laser pulse can suddenly create a condensate, which is analogous to an abrupt change (quantum quench) in the effective properties of the quantum vacuum for polaritons.
Bogoliubov Excitations: This rapid change generates Bogoliubov excitations (quasiparticles) from the vacuum state. The negative mass regime, with its inverted dispersion, directly impacts the spectrum of these Bogoliubov modes. The specific nature of this dispersion means the momentum distribution and correlation length of the emitted “Casimir” particles are uniquely defined by the negative mass properties. The vacuum energy difference, made possible by these conditions, is what drives the creation of real particles from virtual ones.
Vacuum Energy Flow into the Dynamic Casimir Cavity
The dynamic Casimir effect provides the mechanism for energy flow. The vacuum is not truly empty but filled with fluctuating virtual particles and zero-point energy. The time-varying boundary condition created by the engineered negative mass polariton system causes the following process:
Modification of Vacuum Modes: The presence and movement of the effective boundary alters the allowed modes of the quantum electromagnetic field within the cavity.
Conversion to Real Photons: The system injects energy into the vacuum by performing work on the field (analogous to the moving mirror). This energy input converts virtual photons (which only exist for a short time) into pairs of real photons.
Energy Extraction: The energy required to create these real photons is drawn from the kinetic energy of the moving boundary or the driving mechanism creating the negative mass regime. This results in a net flow of energy from the engineered vacuum state into the dynamic Casimir cavity in the form of emergent real photons.
Answer:
The negative mass regime in an exciton polariton condensate acts as a real-world analog for exotic matter with negative pressure density, a condition that modifies the local quantum vacuum energy density. This system can induce a dynamic Casimir effect by rapidly altering the effective electromagnetic boundary conditions, which pumps energy into the vacuum, converting virtual photons into observable, real photons that flow out of the cavity.
Axil:
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
@ Axil:
Yes, I’m familiar with fuel cells, thank you for the link.
On present hydrogen-powered electric cars, the use of an onboard NGU generator would be fantastic.
But I believe that once it becomes possible to have such NGU generators on board of electric cars (see the Twizy test in Latina), the hydrogen-powered cars will no longer have any reason to exist.
In that case infact, inserting anything between the NGU generator and the electric motor is unnecessary and harmful.
It unnecessarily increases complexity and costs and reduces overall efficiency.
Kind regards,
Italo R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
It’s great to hear that the date is set for the first deliveries of production units, congratulations to you and all involved. Assuming these are grid devices for the partner of Leonardo Corp, will there be an announcement by the partner of the deliveries? Given that these are in a controlled space and no industrial secrets will be given away, it would be nice to have some disclosure by the partner directly of the ECAT being installed.
As some have pointed out, any grid supplying energy source would have to be disclosed to the public in some way. It would be an opportune moment for your partner to reveal themselves to the world and give some hope to many people!
AlexW:
Thank you for your kind support.
This issue does not depend on me,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr. Rossi:
Great news on the January 20, 2026, delivery date!
The question we’re all asking:
will these deliveries also include the pre-orders we’ve placed in all these years?
Kind Regards,
Italo R.
Italo R.:
This issue does not depend anymore on me, but, as I am aware of, all the pre-orders will be processed,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
“The deliveries of the Ecats will be initiated on January 20 2026.”
Congratulations! This is historic.
Does this mean that a load of E-Cat modules (100 W?) will be delivered to the client, who will assemble them for use in the electric grid?
If not, can you elaborate a bit more?
Thanks — Sam
Sam Wilson:
The issue is complex. I confirm that the plants, whatever the power, so far are composed by 100 W modules.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Greetings Dr. Rossi
Excellent news on the start of deliveries. Your hard work and dedication in the face of setbacks and plenty of skeptics is paying off. Thank you from all of the people who will benefit.
Sincerely
Paul
Paul Rose:
Thank you for your kind support,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Are Ecat units 500 Watt or 100 Watt ore 1 Kw each?
With regards
Jitse
Jitse IJtsma:
The composing modules are the classic 100 W,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
WOW, I hope they make some sort of video showing it working
Manuel Cilia:
This issue will not depend on me, but I think it will,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
the delivery start of the Ecats is a moving piece of news, a true Christmas gift for those of us who have been following you for years!
Regards, Giuseppe
Giuseppe Censorio,
Thank you for your kind support,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr. Rossi:
Thank you for sharing the great news about the beginning of the Ecat deliveries in January 2026. Thank you for your NGU attitude!
Which is the combined power of the first order of Ecats?
Best regards, Ecat Enthusiast
Ecat Enthusiast:
Substantial.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Will this 1/20/2026 delivery date mark the beginning of a beta testing phase where a limited fixed number of NGU prototype units perform over a definite limited time period, or is this a case where the number of NGU increases with time to produce added power to the grid that increases with time.
1- If the case is a beta trial, how long is this trial to last?
2-If the case is a beta trial, would that impact the decision to release retail units to the market?
3- If this is a commencement of a production phase, how will power generation on the grid from NGU units ramp over time.
Based on typical industry practices for the introduction of new power generation technology, here are general type answers to these type questions:
Beta Trial vs. Production: For a novel or a first-of-its-kind generator like the one described, it would likely undergo a beta testing or pilot phase first. For example, National Grid Ventures is installing a first-of-its-kind hydrogen-fueled generator that will undergo a 12-month testing period. This phase involves a limited number of units undergoing rigorous testing to prove viability, performance, and safety before a full commercial release.
Trial Duration: Beta trials for new, grid-connected power technology can vary greatly but often last for a significant, defined period, such as 12 months or longer, to test performance under various seasonal and operational conditions.
Impact on Retail Release: A successful beta trial is typically a prerequisite for a full commercial/retail release. The results of the trial (performance data, safety compliance, reliability) directly influence the decision to proceed with mass production and market release.
Power Generation Ramp-Up (if production): If a production phase commences, power generation on the grid would ramp up gradually as more units are manufactured, installed, and connected over time. The ramp-up schedule would depend entirely on manufacturing capacity, regulatory approvals, and project deployment logistics.
Axil:
Thank you for your insight and information.
It is not a Beta trial.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea
Congratulations on a given delivery date neare by. I expect the assembly of the units to be implemented quickly.
1. When can we expect measured results from the first industrial use of Ecat?
2. Are the upcoming units covered by your latest patent: US 12,438,458 B1 of October 07, 2025?
Regards Svein
Svein:
1- soon
2- yes
Warm Regards,
A.R.
That’s a great coincidence: the 20th of January is my birthday!
I’m following you from 2011 and this is a great birthday gift.
Thank you for the news!
Alessandro Ferrari:
Happy Birthday !!!
Warm Regards,
A.R.
GREAT Andrea!!!!
Neri
Neri Accornero:
Thank you for your support,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi!
Which location produces ecats: Asia, the EU, or the USA? From which location(s) will deliveries be made?
Best regards
R.Brand
R.Brand:
I am not authorized to give this information so far,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
@ 2025-12-08 14:30 Italo R.
The water engine (aka the fuel cell) has been around since the 1800s. See for its history and development as follows:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell#:~:text=The%20first%20fuel%20cells%20were,in%20remote%20or%20inaccessible%20areas.
Currently, the power to generate green hydrogen can come from the grid or any external electrical generator. Typically, the hydrogen is stored in pressurized tanks at service stations which can fill up the internal tanks in hydrogen powered cars during a servicing stop. The production of hydrogen at the service station comes from electrical power that comes from the grid.
The huge advantage that the on board the car SK reactor based generation of hydrogen has is that no fuel up stops are required at hydrogen refueling stations. Next, the interface used in the SK reactor in all the various types of hydrogen powered cars is standardized where water is stored on board the car in a water tank as fuel.
The energy efficiency in this green hydrogen tech is about 60%, but because the SK reactor is self-sustaining. The over-unity SK reactor could make up for this lack of hydrogen power efficiency generation without any issues.
Jacques Lafontayne and Arnab Saha:
The deliveries of the Ecats will be initiated on January 20 2026.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr Andrea Rossi,
We have now arrived to December 9: at this point, do you know the exact date when the deliveries of the Ecat will be initiated ?
Thanks,
Jacques
Will the delivery begin this December or next year ?
@Axil
I asked ChatGPT about the so-called “water engine.”
He said it was a hoax.
It couldn’t exist because it would require external electricity to produce hydrogen from water.
Where would this energy come from?
And besides, the energy efficiency would be significantly low anyway.
Kind regards,
Italo R,
In 2026, a battery trailer with automatic coupling at dedicated service stations will be launched in France.
It is a trailer containing a 60 kW battery that allows increasing an electric car’s range by 300 km in just 2 minutes.
The manufacturer asserts that the adaptation of the vehicle for this technology is minimal; the system has been tested for over 200,000 km.
Wouldn’t it be nice if inside that trailer there were a big E-Cat?
https://far-a-day.com/
Franco B:
Thank you for the information,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
The Ecats to make heat will be simply Ecats connected to heaters at an efficiency that will mirror the COP of the cat ?
Cheers
Bedy
Bedy:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Typo corrections
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUZg-nRYuSU
It wound not take much to rework the SK reactor to produce a system that is compatible with Musk’s water engine.
Axil:
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
The AI is a great tool for systems design. Here is an example on how to adapt the NGU to the new water engine for Musk’s new gen cars.
AI Question
What is the ideal containment material to allow extreme UV and down to UVA light to photoelectrolysis water into hydrogen and oxygen.
AI Answer
The ideal containment materials for a photoelectrolysis reactor that require high transparency and durability under extreme UV and UVA light are quartz glass and specialized fluoropolymer films (e.g., FEP, PTFE).
Primary Material Choices
Quartz Glass (Fused Silica)
* Excellent UV Transmission: Highly transparent to UV light, down to wavelengths as low as 180-190 nm (UVC, UVB, and UVA).
* More expensive than other options.
* High Durability: Highly durable, resistant to water, temperature fluctuations, and most chemicals.
* Heavier and requires custom fabrication for specific shapes.
* Stability: Withstands prolonged UV exposure without degradation.
* Rigid structure.
Fluoropolymer Films (FEP, PTFE)
* Broad UV Transmission: Transparent to a wide range of UV wavelengths, including UVA and UVB (down to about 200 nm).
* Less structural rigidity; typically used as a film or liner.
* Chemical Inertness: Highly resistant to a wide range of chemicals and acids.
* Can be sensitive to physical damage (e.g., wrinkling).
* Flexibility and Lightweight: Thin, lightweight, and can be shaped into large enclosures.
Other Potential Materials
UV-Transmitting Acrylic (PMMA):
^ Special grades allow significant UV penetration in the UVA and some UVB range (typically down to ~250-300 nm). It is more affordable and easier to machine than quartz, but does not transmit UVC and may degrade over very long-term, extreme UV exposure compared to quartz or FEP.
Sapphire (Aluminum Oxide): Offers excellent transparency across a broad spectrum including UV down to 150 nm and is extremely resistant to chemical degradation and mechanical damage. Its primary drawback is very high cost and difficulty in manufacturing and polishing.
Summary
For the best performance in terms of extreme UV transmission and durability in a water-based, potentially acidic or alkaline (depending on the electrolyte used) environment, quartz glass (fused silica) is generally considered the most suitable material for rigid components like the reactor walls or windows. For flexible or film-based applications, FEP film is an excellent alternative due to its broad UV permeability and chemical resistance.
It would take much to rework the SK reactor to produce a system that is compatible with Musk’s water engine.
Musk’s new car design would run on water stored in an onboard tank like gas is today. Dr. Rossi could work on this system in his off hours when not improving the NGU for the partner. At least, Dr. Rossi should develop a patent for this process to lock down its rights before the market is flooded with competitor system.
[Stiv: please resend your comment in English, we are not able to translate it clearly]
The NGU most impactful effect on the humans condition around the world is the prevention of disease.
Foe example, coal use causes significant yearly sickness and death globally, linked to respiratory/heart diseases, cancer, and premature mortality from fine particulate matter (PM2.5), with studies showing millions affected worldwide and tens of thousands in the US annually, though US numbers dropped sharply after 2007 due to regulations. While older US data (1999-2007) averaged over 43,000 deaths yearly, recent data shows drastic reductions to around 1,600 by 2020 in the US, but the global burden remains immense, with fossil fuels (including coal) linked to 1 in 5 deaths, according to Harvard research.
Why It’s So Harmful
Coal burning releases fine particulate matter (PM2.5) that is easily inhaled, lodging deep in the lungs and entering the bloodstream, causing widespread inflammation and disease.
Coal burning releases mercury, uranium, thorium, and rare earths into the environment which enters the food chain. These elements are emitted as vapor or in ash, settle into water and soil, and are converted by bacteria or absorbed by plants, leading to bioaccumulation in aquatic life and terrestrial animals as they eat lower-level organisms, with humans most at risk from consuming large, long-lived fish.
Diseases Linked to Coal Pollution
Respiratory: Asthma, bronchitis, COPD, persistent coughs, wheezing, shortness of breath.
Cardiovascular: Heart attacks, cardiac disease, blood clots.
Other: Lung cancer, neurological disorders, weakened immune systems, diabetes, stroke.
The preservation of human health is the NGU’s most important function.
Axil:
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Is the 3,500 $/kW cited by Jim Rice a really possible final price to the public of the Ecat, after inflation at all ?
Best,
Ambrogio
Ambrogio:
This issue will not depend on me, but I think it could be close,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Regarding the LCOE of the Ecat: A 1 kW E-Cat (available for pre-order) is priced at $3,500, with a recycling/refurbishment fee of $1,050 after 87,000 hours of use (in other words, $1050 for an additional 87,000 kWh, or $4,550 for 174,000 kWh. Therefore a Projected cost per kWh is 2.6 cents, compared to 15 cents on average in the U.S., or an 83% reduction.
The cost Savings per country depends on local electricity cost. For example, Russia’s cost is $0.05 per kWh, so savings using Ecat will be 52%.
Jim Rice:
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
To all interested,
the concept of LCOE is introduced in Chapter 5 of the E-Cat Power Whitepaper.
https://ecatthenewfire.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/E-Cat-Power-Whitepaper-October-14-2024.pdf
Best regards
Klas
Klas:
Thank you !
Warm Regards,
A.R.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levelized_cost_of_electricity
Has the partner calculated the LCOE in comparison with the other methods of electrical production?
Axil:
Thank you for this information,
Warm regards,
A.R.
Good morning Andrea,
I want to share this article with you and your readers.
It is becoming increasingly important for the Ecat to be deployed
as quickly, as possible for Utilities, industrial, commercial and residential energy production.’
The demand is growing extremely fast.
Shocking report predicts a nearly 80% increase in electricity demand by 2050: ‘Utilities … will be constrained’
https://l.smartnews.com/p-6I9v1xYs/4CREZB
Craig Cassarino:
Thank you for your information and for the link,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hello Dr. Rossi,
you mentioned that the next generation of ecat will launch in a few years. Will the current version continue to be produced until then? I’d like to start using ecat as soon as possible.
What improvements will be made in the next generation? Efficiency? A simpler, faster production process?
Kind regards
M.Reinhold
M.Reinhold:
1- that issue will not depend on me
2- this information is restricted, so far
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
Thank you for your comment of 2025/12/05 at 3:30 pm
This explains many issues, also after reading http://www.ingandrearossi.com
Genny
Genny:
Thank you for your attention to the mission of our Team,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Good afternoon Andrea,
I found this article/ link to be interesting. The Tesla and Boston Dynamics energy demand/consumption is a perfect fit for the Ecat.
We need the Ecat more than ever!!
https://www.google.com/search?q=tesla+and+boston.dynamics+humanoid+energy+use&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&hl=en-us&client=safari
Craig Cassarino,
Thank you for the suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
I would like to begin by expressing my appreciation for your ongoing dedication to the development of the E-Cat, with a particular emphasis on increasing efficiency in both commercial production and distribution. Your steadfast commitment, which is clearly guided by your faith and trust in God’s direction, is truly admirable.
These persistent efforts are making a significant difference and will have an amazing impact on billions of people, and your role in this journey is deeply valued.
You have previously indicated that support would be available for providing E-Cats to those in need. I am involved with multiple international missions that focus on assisting impoverished communities in third world countries.
Could you please clarify whether non-profit requests for E-Cat support should be submitted through your official Partner, or if they should be directed to you and Leonardo Corporation directly?
Thank you!
Brokeeper
Brokeeper:
Thank you for the question, this is an issue of paramount importance for the mission of our work.
The correct address for these requests is: ar.123@mail.com
I must say that this argument is fundamental, therefore it is taken very seriously.
Leonardo Corporation will pay all the revenues from the royalties paid by the Global Licensee for this activity, to which I will dedicate voluntarily most of my remaining time.
We are making our due diligence on the requests we received so far: some of them have dignity, many of them spend 90% of the money they receive “non profit” to pay their organization: wages for presidents, vice presidents and down through managers, secretaries, bonuses, holidays in exotic places masqueraded by “Conferences”, and “Events”, blue cars, social meals where they talk and talk of “poor people” etc etc etc. Only the 10% , as an average, goes to the people that is supposed to receive help.
We presently are looking with interest to UNICEF and maybe we will decide to contact them: so far I am just collecting and studying documentation related to them, but we are open to review ( very carefully ) all the requests we’ll receive. This mission will not be limited by geopolitic borders: a child whose family has not the possibility to cure his cancer is a child whose family has not the possibility to cure his cancer, wherever he lives and whomever he lives with.
Warm Regards,
Andrea Rossi
Dear Andrea Rossi,
What are the areas of improvement in “because the tests on this first wave have suggested improvements we can make for the next series”?
Steven Nicholes Karels:
This information will be given when the next generation will be ready to go: it will take several years,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Do the theoretical bases of the Ecat technology have links with the EVO ?
Anonymous:
What do you mean with EVO ? It is quite a vague definition,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
2025-12-04 00:59 Ambrogio
Dr Rossi,
Is still the AI helping the development of the Ecat ? Does also your global licensee make use of it ?
2025-12-04 01:50 Andrea Rossi
Ambrogio:
Absolutely yes ! We use ChatGPT Pro : very useful.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
The AI is open source; it does not know how to keep a secret. A user can be burnt if He does not understand how to protect his data.
The latest improvement in AI is long term information retention that is called persistent memory. What you ask or tell the AI could be available to others via query.
AI Question
Has AI improvement include persistent memory of information that it receives from users
AI Answer
Yes, a major area of AI improvement includes the development and implementation of persistent memory, which allows AI systems to retain information received from users across multiple sessions.
How Persistent Memory Works
Traditional AI models are often “stateless,” meaning each conversation starts from a blank slate once the session ends (short-term memory). Persistent memory, or long-term memory, fundamentally changes this dynamic:
External Storage: Instead of relying solely on the temporary context window of the model, information is stored externally in databases or vector stores. This data can include user preferences, past interactions, learned facts, and long-term goals.
Retrieval Mechanisms: When a user returns, the AI uses sophisticated retrieval mechanisms (often using a process called Retrieval-Augmented Generation, or RAG) to find and present the relevant past information to the model, allowing it to provide a context-aware response.
Continuous Learning: This architecture allows the AI to learn and adapt over time, building a personalized profile of the user without needing to be retrained on the entire dataset.
Benefits and Applications
The integration of persistent memory significantly enhances the user experience:
Personalization: The AI can provide smarter recommendations and more tailored interactions based on a user’s history and evolving tastes.
Continuity: Users no longer have to repeat themselves or re-explain context every time they start a new session, which is particularly valuable in customer service, healthcare, and educational applications.
Efficiency: By recalling stored knowledge, the AI avoids redundant computations, improving response times and operational efficiency.
Privacy and Ethical Considerations
The use of persistent memory introduces significant privacy and security challenges, as sensitive user data is stored long-term. Companies are actively working on solutions that balance functionality with user control, such as transparent data policies and allowing users to view and delete stored memories.
Axil:
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Catherine Hunt:
Yes, two in particular,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Are there in the company of Leonardo Corporation’s global licensee women in executive positions playing key roles for the realization of the license agreement ?
Dr Rossi,
Is still the AI helping the development of the Ecat ? Does also your global licensee make use of it ?
Ambrogio:
Absolutely yes ! We use ChatGPT Pro : very useful.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Power distribution in the UK (and others)
https://networkpowerconnections.co.uk/voltages-and-their-classifications/
In the UK, high-voltage network substations are used to step down the voltage levels from 275kV and 400kV to 132kV for distribution. Intermediate electrical substations then reduce the voltage further from 132kV to 33kV and 11kV for transmission to final distribution substations. Here, the voltage is reduced further to the 400V or 230V typically used commercially and domestically.
22kV falls exactly halfway between 33kV and 11kV. I suspect there will be other countries with same issue. Can 22kV be accommodated for these countries?
paul dodgshun:
Thank you for the information.
The Voltage of the substations depends on the different specific situations even inside the same Country; we can adapt to all of them.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi
I read the ecat has been subject to months of testing.
1) Was the testing done by or overseen by an electricity generation company ?
2) For thorough testing, did this include a live test supplying electricity to the grid for the test duration?
3) Electricity generation is a competitive market. Is it safe to say that the electricity generation partner will be the first recipient of bulk deliveries from your Global Licensee’s manufacturing partner?
4) Do the grid owners know about this new source of electricity (to be) fed to their grid?
Steve D:
1- not yet
2- not yet
3- yes
4- yes
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Andrea,
How many times have you been asked when E-Cats will begin shipping? 🙂
Greg
greg smith:
You can see from this blog,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
The production of large generating units to start with is probably a good plan – it will test large numbers of e-cats simultaneously. It also allows the producer to do a low-key testing for a while. I imagine that the manufacturer will ask the buyer to use the generator in parallel with their old system for some time, and will not make any public announcements until they are thoroughly satisfied with the test progress.
Can you tell us if this is the case? I know we are all looking forward to a public announcement and release, but it may still be a while.
Ron Stringer
Ron Stringer:
You got a point,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr Rossi
How do we order or enquire about larger systems for grid connection or large industrial sites. Do we still go through your web site or is there a different one.
Thanks
Manuel Cilia:
For the time being you can use the
http://www.ecatorders.com
We will pass it on to our Global Licensee.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea. I was a young man when Pons and Fleischmann made their original announcement at Salt Lake City,Utah in 1989. It is a long time ago and my memory is a bit suspect. I seem to remember that a few years after this event I became aware that you had succeeded in an over unity value of a few mW followed soon after with about a Watt and then a big jump to one kW. This,I believe, was well before the birth of E-CAT World in 2011. Have I remembered correctly?
I would dearly love to know the very year that you discovered ,from a practical experiment, that you had managed to obtain your first over unity result and that you were absolutely convinced that there was no error in your measurements big enough to invalidate your conclusion. This must have been a very exciting moment in your life.
I realise that this is a long time back in the past for you to remember; but give it a go, please.
All the best. Jean Pierre.
Jean Pierre:
Thank you for your kind support.
From my internal reports I’d say it was around the 2010,
Warm Regards
A.R.
@ 2025-11-30 14:53 Boyve Fredriksson
“ I’m wondering whether you think the Zero Point field could in some way be connected to what we call dark energy — and if the difference in energy density between these two phenomena might be due to some as-yet unknown mechanism in the vacuum?”
Putting EVO power production into perspective:
Reference post: https://e-catworld.com/2025/11/21/excess-heat-from-prometheus-reactor-confirmed-by-third-party/#comment-6800318789
The AI has calculated the power density of the over unity power produced by the Exotic Vacuum Object (EVO) (aka bosonic electron cluster) as follows: This estimated power density is 10^18 W/m^3 during the nanosecond pulse,
The EVO produces coherent light via polariton laser processes in nanosecond pulses.
Note for comparison
The power density of a nuclear fission reactor core typically ranges from approximately (7) 10^7 to (9)10^8W/m^3 (or 70 to 900 MW/m³), depending on the specific reactor design. In other words, the power density of a mature EVO ranges between 10 and 100 billion time that of the core of a fission reactor.
This power comes from the vacuum
How vacuum energy is calculated In quantum field theory (QFT), a quantum field can be thought of as an infinite collection of quantum harmonic oscillators, one at each point in space.
Each oscillator has a ground state energy of 1/2hw where h is the reduced Planck constant and w is the frequency.
To find the total vacuum energy, you would theoretically sum up this 1/2hw for every possible mode (frequency and direction) of every field in the universe.
This leads to a calculation that results in an incredibly large value for the vacuum energy density.
Physicists use a process called renormalization to account for the infinities, but the predicted value remains much larger than what is observed cosmologically, a problem known as the cosmological constant problem.
The evidence of the huge power density of the EVO supports the theory that dark matter has a negative energy based power density that negates much of the vacuum energy that comes from the summation of quantum fields in the calculation of the observed cosmologically measured vacuum energy.
Dear Andrea
Your December announcement is completely in line with the announcements from May 7th and later.
LC’s licensees have made the choice that is closest to their own competence and business base.
For them, achieving the least possible attention still seems advantageous.
With the relatively short time it takes before the earth’s fossil energy sources are exhausted and the serious side effects of the depletion, it is necessary, urgently, to find new solutions that also streamline and democratize energy supplies.
Here, cost level, flexibility and availability seem to make Ecat a superb market winner.
I have 3 simple questions:
1. Are larger individual units, than 500 Watt, in demand by the licensee?
2. When will production with the, so far, discovered and possible improvements be implemented?
3. Will the Ecat units be affected by such “solar flares” and Coronal Mass Ejections (CME) as we are now experiencing?
Good luck with the continuous work to achieve improved: effect, function, safety and ease of use!
Regards Svein
Svein:
Thank you for your support.
Answers:
1. I do not understand exactly this question: can you rephrase it ?
2. same as in 1
3. no
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea ,
If I order 1 x 400W-48V DC Ecat :
1 : Will your global licensee supply 4 x 100W-12V DC Ecats?
2 : Or 1 x 400W Ecat, similar to the 500W Ecat you recently cited ?
Thanks and Best Regards
Martin
Martin:
The specific situations will be discussed upon when the Client will be contacted for the delivery of his pre-order,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
The highest percentage of energy in the world is consumed to make heat; as a consequence of this fact, do you think that the majority of the Ecats will be exploited to make heat ?
JPR
Jean Paul Renoir:
I do,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi
It’s good news that the production has started.
May I ask a few questions regarding this update..
1. Are these industrial units based on the 100W devices you recently tested.
2. Or on the smaller 10 W modules previously developed?
3. Are these full 22 kV substations
4. Or just the ecat units themselves.
5. Could you indicate roughly the initial ecat unit production rate using this automation?
6 I assume you are currently aiming to ramp up quickly the production rate would 1 million 100 W units per year be achievable within one year?
I’m looking forward to hearing more news about it. It would be wonderful to see the technology finally validated and used as a product in some way.
Good luck with its first official steps out side the lab!
Best Regards
Stephen
Stephen:
1. yes
2. no
3. confidential so far
4. see point 3
5. confidential so far
6. This issue does not depend on me
Thank you for your support,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
The data sheet still links under *7 researchgate
Tommek:
You are right, we missed the correction: I passed the issue on to our IT guy; thank you for your collaboration,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr. Rossi,
1. How much is considered a lot in your global manufacturers first December deliveries?
2. Are the industrial customers under an NDA or can they confirm sources, good or bad results?
Best regards,
Jeff
Jeff:
1. I do not understand exactly your question: can you kindly rephrase it more clearly ?
2. They have the right to do what they deem to be more opportune in the specific situations
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hello
How many units did your licensee pre-order, as he was one of the first major customers.
1.
Can they answer the question now?
2. And does it continue with the other orders afterwards?
3.
Are there any photos of the final product coming soon?
Thank you
Tommek:
1. I am not authorized to give this information, so far
2. As far as I know, yes
3. Surely they are coming, how much soon I do not know, because this issue does not depend on me
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear A.R.
With the first industrial deliveries, will it be possible to know the name of the industrial partner producing them?
Thank you very much.
Gian Luca:
This decision will not depend on me,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
@ Steven N. Karels
https://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=879&cpage=12#comment-1092503
https://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=879&cpage=12#comment-1092533
What do you think? Will it be a fresh bottle of water or will it really be one from 2015?
Good luck, everyone!
Dear Andrea,
I read with interest your latest report:
https://x.com/LeonardoCorpor3/status/1995450935233933481
It is very encouraging to learn that the construction of E-Cat Units is now underway. Are these units being built by hand, or by an automated system?
Many thanks,
Frank Acland
Frank Acland:
The Ecats are already manufactured in automated lines,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Are dimensions and weights published in the data sheets on http://www.ecat.com still valid ?
Best,
Yuri
Yuri:
So far yes, but changes could be made in time,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea, perhaps you’ve already been asked this but I don’t remember your answer: is your generator affected by its position in the Earth’s magnetic field, by gravity or by solar or terrestrial radiation (radon)?
Neri
Neri Accornero:
Not at all; what happened to the airplanes is due to microchips that are very small in those specific applications, then they could be weak toward particularly intense electromagnetic tempests ejected from the sun now and again: in these cases in the software some bits are turned from 01 into 00, or vice-versa, making out of control the electronic system. The effects that a sun tempest of the like that happened to the airplanes versus the Ecats are the same that can affect a TV set: maybe not zero, but irrelevant.
By the way: I am learning now from the news that after 24 hours all the airplanes of Airbus have already been protected with a very fast intervention on the software: you know, in this period I have to fly a lot…
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hi Andrea!
I have been following your work and the developments in this field since 2011. I’m wondering whether you think the Zero Point field could in some way be connected to what we call dark energy — and if the difference in energy density between these two phenomena might be due to some as-yet unknown mechanism in the vacuum?
I would very much like to hear your perspective on this! Best regards Boyve
Boyve Fredriksson:
Thank you for your kind attention since 2011 to the work of our Team !
I do not see analogies between the so called “Dark Energy” and the Zero Point Energy. You can find corroboration of this opinion reading a rigorous description of the matter in the paper “Ecat SK and Long Range Particle Interactions”: you can find it also here: http://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hi Andrea,
Today November 30st is the feast of the saint you are named: best wishes and may he help you in your so important work,
Best Wishes,
Don
Tony:
That’s right !
Thank you for your kind wishes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andea Rossi,
Please consider Whisper Aero. They manufacture ultra-quiet ducted electric fan engines.
There products include:
eQ120
Thrust = 5+ lbs
Power Efficiency = 21 W/lbm
eQ160
Thrust = 10+ lbs
eQ250
Thrust = 70+ lbs
Contact Info:
http://Www.whisper.aero
Info@whisperaero.com
Address: 109 Pointe LDG, Crossville, TN 38555
Their vision is to supply engines to aircraft manufacturers. Multiple engines could be used on a single aircraft. Aircraft speed is subsonic, as in Regional airlines.
Combining their engine with an eCat Power Generator could mean unlimited range and operating hours.
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Thank you for your suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Will the Ecats sold also in a version that makes just heat ?
Thanks,
Marcel
Marcel Dufour:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
Are you aware if your licensee is exploring humanoid robotics field of interest/application?
Probably many of us have seen the recent progress of humanoid robots…
A humanoid robot with AI and an Ecat (10 years autonomy) would be a groundbreaking developement.
I do not know if exciting or scaring. Or both.
Piergiorgio
Piergiorgio:
Thank you for the suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
When do you think you will publish the November Report about the situation ?
Can you anticipate what will it be about ?
Best
Mary Louise
Mary Louise:
The Report will be published as always on EcatWorld and I think it will start to give information about the deliveries,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Will the December 1st week update also give the date when and if the deliveries will start in December ?
Arnab Saha:
This issue does not depend on me,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea
Will the upcoming information about the start of production also include information about the manufacturer and production capacities?
Regards Svein
Svein:
This issue will not depend on me,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
To All the Readers of the Journal of Nuclear Physics living in the USA:
Happy Thanksgiving Day Holidays !!!
Warmest Regards,
Andrea Rossi
The NGU is a type of Polariton laser
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polariton_laser
Polariton laser: Description and History
A Polariton laser can produce a powerful coherent light stream. As is my way, I like to explore the details of an interesting system. But not knowing how a polariton laser works, I will utilize the AI to teach how the NGU system produces light in detail.
I added notes to connect what the AI said to the NGU design.
AI Question
How does an exciton polariton condensate emit coherent light? How is the waveform of the coherent light wave determined?
AI Answer
An exciton-polariton condensate emits coherent light through the process of photon leakage from the microcavity, which occurs because all the polaritons in the condensate occupy the same macroscopic quantum state with a single, well-defined phase. The waveform of the emitted light is determined by the properties of this macroscopic quantum state, including the energy, momentum, and phase of the condensate, which can be influenced by the microcavity design, the material properties, and the excitation conditions.
Note: In the case of the NGU, the microcavity is the polariton shell that encloses the positive core of the Hole superconductor which Dr. Rossi calls the bosonic electron cluster.
Mechanism of Coherent Light Emission
1. Exciton-Polariton Formation: In a semiconductor microcavity in the strong coupling regime, light (cavity photons) and matter (quantum well excitons) hybridize to form exciton-polaritons, which are composite bosons.
Note: In the Hole superconductor, the exciton (Hole) component of the polariton is located in the positive core of matter that forms the positively charged central element of the Hole superconductor
2. Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC): Due to their very low effective mass (about 10^-5) the mass of a free electron) and bosonic nature, polaritons can undergo a phase transition to a condensed state at relatively high temperatures (even room temperature in some materials) and low densities.
3. Macroscopic Coherence: Above a critical excitation threshold, a large number of polaritons accumulate into the lowest energy quantum state (ground state) via stimulated scattering processes. This collective occupation leads to spontaneous formation of long-range temporal and spatial coherence, meaning all the polaritons in the condensate share the same wave function, frequency, and a constant phase relationship.
4. Photon Leakage: Polaritons have a finite lifetime (typically picoseconds) because their photonic component can leak out of the semi-transparent mirrors of the microcavity.
Note: Polaritons produce light (release their photon) when they terminate.
5. Coherent Emission: Since the emitted photons carry the properties of the polaritons from the macroscopically occupied coherent state, the resulting emission is highly coherent light, similar to a laser but without requiring population inversion.
Determination of the Coherent Light Waveform
The waveform (shape, frequency, phase, and momentum profile) of the coherent light is directly imprinted with the characteristics of the condensed polariton state and the microcavity:
• Frequency/Wavelength: The frequency of the light is determined by the energy of the condensed polariton state, which is primarily defined by the microcavity’s optical mode and the exciton energy levels (the polariton dispersion curve).
• Phase: The phase of the emitted light reflects the macroscopic phase of the polariton condensate. This phase can be uniform over large distances, or exhibit complex spatial patterns (like vortices) depending on the excitation conditions and confinement potential.
• Momentum and Directionality: The in-plane momentum of the polariton determines the angle at which the photon is emitted from the cavity. Condensates typically form in low-momentum states, resulting in a highly directional, narrow-angle emission pattern.
• Spatial Profile: The spatial distribution of the light reflects the spatial profile of the condensate within the cavity.
• Polarization: The polarization properties of the emitted light are also determined by the condensate state, which can be influenced by the material’s crystal structure or external fields.
Note: In the past, the SKLed reactor emitted polarized light.
2021-04-02 17:11 KeithT
Dear Andrea,
Is the light emitted by the Ecat SKLed polarized?
Regards,
Keith Thomson.
2021-04-03 08:34 Andrea Rossi
KeithT:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Waveform Stability: The stability and linewidth (spectral purity) of the waveform are affected by interactions with non-condensed polaritons (the “reservoir”) and the specific experimental setup, such as using injection locking or strong confinement to stabilize the phase.
Dear Dr Andrea Rossi,
Does the Ecat emit any radiation of sort ?
Ambrogio
Ambrogio:
No,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Is it confirmed that your licensee will start the deliveries only with high voltage intermediate power lines stations ?
Thank you if you can answer,
Best Regards,
Tino
Tino:
This issue will not depend on me,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hello Dr. Rossi,
will we find out about the start of production in next week’s December update?
Kind regards
M.Reinhold
M.Reinhold:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
AlexW,
There is an I-Q curve for electrical power sources. It is current versus Voltage. The output current generally rises with increasing output Voltage until some limit occurs and the current rapidly falls off. That peak in the current before it descends is the maximum power point.
An MPPT is trying to find that point for solar panel generated power as that point charges with illumination, weather, and temperature. For the NGU Power Generator, hopefully, it is constant. I understand that the NGU Power Generator will turn off if a 105% of max power overload condition occurs.
So, if the inverter MPPT does not test more than 105% of maximum power, it will not likely trip the shutdown of the NGU Power Generator. This what I understand. This does not mean that this how the NGU Power Generator will respond to MPPT variations in load. The only to tell for sure is by detailed, knowledgeable review of both the inverter MPPT and the NGU Power Generator design, or, by extensive testing.
As stated previously, another approach is to software disable the inverter MPPT or run at NGU Power Generator output voltages outside the MPPT range. Again, experimentation is needed.
The previously reported Solar Panel Supplementation by NGU Power Generators may have addressed the MPPT concern. I do not know for certain.
@Horst Dieter Preschel
You are probably right and this requires testing when the ECAT is available. I’m no expert in exactly how the inverter circuitry operates on the MPPT input, but am aware it attempts to find the maximum power point for given irradiance conditions of a solar array. My naive assumption was that given a fixed input it would be unable to increase power so would give up trying, but I can see that perhaps it would keep attempting to draw more current until the ECAT shuts down.
It sounds like testing has been done on this already so it would be great to have some clarity before deliveries begin, the same goes for certification for solar installers to integrate this with current solar systems.
Horst Dieter Preschel,
I agree that MPPT has the potential of not allowing NGU Power Units not properly working. Two solutions:
1. The Inverter Manufacturer adds a software disable of the MPPT function.
2. Operate the NGU Power Unit above or below the MPPT operating range.
@AlexW
MPPT is a software component in inverters or PV battery charge controllers that tracks the maximum power point (MPP) of a PV module under changing conditions – hence the name Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). This is achieved by incrementally increasing and decreasing the current from the PV module and measuring the resulting increase or decrease in power. If the power increases, the change continues; otherwise, it is reversed.
Directly connecting Ecats can lead to an overload. For this reason, I have proposed overcurrent protection between the Ecat and the inverter or charge controller. This protection simulates, to a certain extent, the behavior of PV modules.
I would not use Ecats with high voltage input PV inverters. That could be dangerous. I think this would require professional development and testing.
Dieter
@Horst Dieter Preschel @Rafal
Would an adapter be required if the output from the ECAT could be set within the expected voltage range of the solar MPPT input? Don’t forget that the 100W ECAT can be made with higher voltage than 12V, based on the spec sheet it seems 12V is the limit for the 10W cell. So depending on the connection configuration of the 10W cells you could get up to 120V from a 100W ECAT, this would also reduce the current which would be beneficial.
We have an oversized inverter as we were limited to only 9 panels on our current roof space, but planned to extend our roof and add more in future. Now I plan to add a 1kW ECAT on one MPPT and the 9 panels on the other input. With a startup voltage of 150V for my inverter, surely as long as this is exceeded by the ECAT it should run as a fixed solar input? It seems to me that for a 1kW ECAT the voltage should be tunable in the range 12-1200V (12-120V for a 100W)
@Andrea Rossi – Perhaps you could comment on whether my assumption is correct?
AlexW:
Thank you for your suggestion.
We will discuss specific issues with our Clients when we will contact them for the delivery.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr. Rossi,
1. Will it be possible that in future your global licensee will study the application of the Ecat technology in the electric vehicles field ?
2. has already your global licensee found all the locations and outsourcing network necessary for a global manufacturing and distribution of the Ecat ?
Thank you if you can answer,
Ben
Ben:
1. It does not depend on me
2. Yes, as I am aware of
Warm Regards,
A.R.
@Rafal
Dear Rafal,
the answer from Grok is correct but wrong because your question is wrong.
Ecats and PV panels are different devices, one important difference is Ecats shut down and PV panels lower the voltage when overloaded.
To connect Ecats to a device like a Victron SmartSolar MPPT 150/70 controller you need an adapter between the Ecats and the controller to take care off the technical reqirements of both devices. The most important requirement is a current limiter. There are already several devices on the market which could probably be used, e.g. a DC to DC converter with adjustable output voltage and build-in current limiter, sometimes also called constant current control which is used in LED applications.
But all this has to be tested professionally when the Ecat is available.
I hope controller and inverters with build in support for Ecats will be available in future. The Victron controller probably only needs another software. This may also be true for other controllers and power inverters.
Dieter
Dr Rossi:
Have your global licensees the intention to extend to the electric vehicles the application of the Ecat ?
Santogo:
No,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea
In connection with your reply to Alessandro Toninelli on November 22, I ask whether the use of AI can prevent Ecats from being overloaded when they are used in connection with an existing household network?
Regards Svein
Svein:
Same answer that I gave to Steven Nicholes Karels; surely the A.I. can help to design control systems for more complex than simple households applications; for example: if at your home you connect too much load for the power you can get draw the grid, have you not to re-switch on the general switch after all got dark ? This is what happens in every apartment when too many appliances have been connected, isn’t it ?
Warm RFegards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
In response to Dott about a temporary overload event, you responded “Yes” to “Must it be manually switched on?” Clarification?
1. In the event of an overload condition to which the NGU device automatically shutdown, under what circumstances will it automatically recover and resume normal operations?
2. If normal operations cannot be resumed, will a reset signal (e.g., contact close across a control input or similar externally provided signal) result in proper operation?
3. If otherwise, what do you mean by manual operation?
Steven Nicholes Karels:
We must make a distinction between household installations and industrial installations; Dr. Toninelli I suppose was referring to households, because it is obvious that for industrial installatons are necessary control system that depend on the specific situations,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Readres,
Finally, withe help of Grok I’ve figured out most effective way of connecting ECat to existing PV installation.
Instead of mentioning ECat (which might not be understandable), I’ve asked about connecting additional 12V/100W PV panels.
Here is the chat:
I’m looking for a way to connect an additional 4 to a maximum of 6 pieces of 12V/100W PV panels to an existing 4.32 kWp solar installation consisting of 12 PV panels and a Solis RHI-3P4K-HVES-5G hybrid inverter.
Unfortunately, the start-up voltage of my inverter is 160 V, which makes it impossible to connect the mentioned 12V/100W panels directly to its inputs (the maximum voltage I can get from 6 panels is 6 × 12 V = 72 V).
I am currently planning to buy a BetterESS 16 kWh energy storage and I am wondering whether it would be possible to charge the batteries inside it (51.2 V voltage) using a SmartSolar MPPT 150/70 controller?
That is, the batteries in the storage would be charged simultaneously by the Solis inverter from the existing 4.32 kWp solar installation and by the SmartSolar controller from the newly installed 12V/100W panels. Is such a solution possible? Can it be done more efficiently in another way (e.g. using a DC-DC 48V/200V converter)?
How should such a connection be made? Which SmartSolar controller model would work best in this case?
Grok’s answer:
Yes, your proposed solution is completely feasible, safe, and actually one of the cleanest ways to do it.
1. Can the BetterESS battery be charged from two sources at once?
Yes. The BetterESS 16 kWh pack (51.2 V LiFePO4 with built-in BMS) can safely accept charging current from both the Solis hybrid inverter and a separate Victron MPPT controller at the same time.
2. Recommended and most efficient setup
textNew 12V/100W panels (4–6 pcs in SERIES)
↓
Victron SmartSolar MPPT 150/35 (or 150/20)
↓ (battery output)
→→→ BetterESS 16 kWh battery (+ and – terminals)
↑↑↑ (same battery terminals – parallel connection)
Solis RHI-3P4K-HVES-5G battery port
↑
Existing 4.32 kWp panels → Solis MPPT inputs (unchanged)
3. Detailed wiring description
A. New panels
Connect 4–6 panels in series (positive → negative).
Total Voc ≈ 88–132 V, current remains ~5.5–6 A.
B. Victron controller (recommended models)
Best choice: SmartSolar MPPT 150/35 (~272 USD)
Cheaper alternative (4 panels only): SmartSolar MPPT 100/20 (~163 USD)
The 150/70 model you mentioned (~217–326 USD) is oversized and unnecessary.
C. Connections
PV string → PV terminals of Victron MPPT
Victron BAT+ / BAT– → BetterESS battery terminals (use 10–16 mm² cable + 20–30 A fuse or DC breaker)
Solis inverter battery port → same BetterESS terminals (35–50 mm² cable as per Solis manual)
CAN/RS485 communication cable between Solis and BetterESS (usually Pylontech protocol)
D. Existing installation
No changes required.
4. Total additional cost (excluding panels and mounting)
Item USD (approx.)
Victron SmartSolar MPPT 150/35272 USD
Cables, fuses, breakers 82 USD
Total 354–381 USD
5. Is there a more efficient way (e.g. DC-DC converter)?
No. Using a DC-DC converter to boost the low voltage to 200 V and feed the Solis MPPT inputs is possible, but it adds 10–20 % losses and costs another 136–272 USD. The separate Victron MPPT directly to the battery is more efficient, cheaper, and the new panels will still work even if the Solis inverter is offline.
Conclusion
The cleanest, most efficient, and future-proof solution:
New panels in series → Victron SmartSolar MPPT 150/35 → parallel connection directly to the BetterESS battery terminals together with the Solis inverter.
Total extra cost: approximately 354–381 USD.
C. BetterESS 16 kWh battery:
All charging sources (Solis inverter battery port + Victron MPPT) connect in parallel to the same battery terminals (+ and –).
Use appropriately thick cables (minimum 35 mm² for Solis, 10–16 mm² for Victron).
Connect communication cable (CAN or RS485) between Solis inverter and BetterESS (usually Pylontech protocol – check manual).
D. Existing installation:
No changes – the original 12 panels remain connected to the two MPPT inputs of the Solis inverter exactly as before.
4. Is there a more efficient way (e.g. DC-DC converter 48 V → 200 V)?
Direct charging of the battery via a dedicated MPPT controller is the most efficient and flexible solution (losses <5%).
Using a DC-DC converter to boost voltage to 200 V and feed the Solis MPPT inputs is possible, but it introduces additional losses (10–20 %) and costs, and the panels will not work when the inverter is off. Therefore, it is not recommended in your case.
Summary:
The cleanest, most efficient and future-proof solution is:
New panels (in series) → Victron SmartSolar MPPT 150/35 → parallel connection to BetterESS battery terminals (together with the Solis inverter).
Dear Dott. Rossi,
a practical question, thinking to the almost imminent possibility of integration of eCats with domestic net:
which are the condition causing the reactivation of an eCat self-disactiveted due to an over maximum power load?
Must it be manually switched on?
Best regards.
Dott. Alessandro Toninelli:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr. Rossi,
as you know, here in Italy the ILVA industries are facing major challenges related to efficiency, environmental impact, and costs, with significant consequences for employment, society, and public health.
To reduce environmental emissions, plans are underway to replace the existing coal-fired blast furnaces with electric arc furnaces.
This transition will require a substantial increase in electricity consumption.
Consequently, this represents another area where your technology could be effectively applied.
Kind Regards,
Italo R.
Italo R.:
Thank you for the information and the suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Can you share any update of testing of the prototype 500W NGU units?
Steven Nicholes Karels:
All I can say is that the tests are continuing,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Andrea,
This link is about the negative impact on data centers on the state of Nebraska in the US.
https://x.com/JohnRust_IN/status/1962584738851406122?t=zHVQGqGwRF61oipxjUD_OA&s=19
God willing, the early deployments of E-Cat will go smoothly. The next big question is: How fast can the manufacturing for E-Cat output can be ramped-up for the planet? How many (and what size) units are projected roll out of the factory in the next 12 or 24 months.
You likely know that our planet’s peak energy (thermal and electric) is 19 terawatts. It’s interesting to estimated a timeline for how long it takes to manufacture enough E-Cat’s to provide all 19 terawatts. However, energy usage will likely increase dramatically with E-Cat – a distributed, modular, low-cost, and safe source.
Greg
greg smith:
I am not able to give an answer so far, but I know efforts are being made to proceed as fast as possible,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi:
Well done your answer to Michel Moreau,
Best
Ambrogio
Dear Dr Rossi,
The voltage of an accumulator decreases with load and time.
Did you evaluated the Quark-X behavior as a function of the input voltage variations?
Does the input voltage require a switching regulator, or is it tolerant?
Subsidiary question: Is a presentation of the Quark-x still planned by the end of this year?
Regards,
Michel
Michel Moreau:
Please go to
https://ecatorders.com
you will see on the right of the top a link called Privacy: click on it.
You will see the text regarding privacy:
privacy-E-Cat_the_new_fire
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr. Rossi,
Do you believe that your long time followers, who have ordered the smaller units (3 kw or smaller), will receive anything, or even be contacted, this year?
Thanks — Sam
Sam Wilson:
We will communicate when the deliveries will start,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
How does the grid power required for data centers distort the off peak concept of electric power generation on the grid?
How does the partners’ concept of instant demand response unique in the new grid response plan?
Data centers distort the traditional “off-peak” concept by introducing a large, consistent, 24/7 baseline load and rapid demand fluctuations, effectively diminishing the traditional difference between peak and off-peak periods and straining grid infrastructure.
Shift from Variable to Constant Demand
The traditional grid concept assumed a predictable daily fluctuation in energy demand: high during the day (peak) and low at night (off-peak).
Data centers fundamentally change this dynamic in several key ways:
24/7 Operations: Unlike residential or typical industrial consumers, data centers operate continuously, running power-hungry servers and cooling systems around the clock. This creates a high, continuous baseline demand that reduces the “troughs” in the traditional demand curve.
Diminished Off-Peak Windows: The constant, heavy load means there is less surplus generation capacity available during what were once considered off-peak hours. This constant demand puts persistent stress on the grid and reduces the flexibility that grid operators rely on to balance supply and demand.
Strain on Infrastructure: The concentration of data centers in specific geographic areas can significantly strain local substations and transmission lines, requiring costly infrastructure upgrades that are often passed on to all ratepayers.
Unpredictable Fluctuations and Grid Instability
Modern AI and hyperscaler data centers also present a new challenge: volatile and rapid power fluctuations that further disrupt traditional grid management.
”EKG-like” Load Profiles: AI workloads can surge and drop thousands of times a second, creating a demand profile that is anything but a stable baseline. This volatility requires the grid to respond with sub-second speed, which traditional generation sources like coal plants are too slow to provide.
Reliability Risks: Sudden disconnections of large data center loads due to voltage disturbances can cause sharp frequency and voltage spikes across the grid, potentially leading to widespread outages if not managed effectively.
New Solutions and the Future of the Grid
To adapt to this new reality, utilities and data center operators are exploring innovative solutions:
Demand Response Programs: Data centers are encouraged to participate in demand response programs, where they can reduce their consumption during critical peak periods in exchange for financial incentives. They can achieve this by shifting non-time-sensitive tasks (like AI model training) to times of low grid stress.
On-site Generation & Storage: Many data centers are installing on-site power generation (e.g., natural gas generators, fuel cells) and energy storage solutions (large battery systems) to manage their own demand and provide backup power, turning themselves into “grid assets” rather than just a burden.
This power market is well suited to the specs of the partners’ NGU product profile.
Innovative Rate Structures: Utilities are implementing new rate structures that require large consumers like data centers to cover a greater share of the infrastructure costs associated with their high power demands.
axil:
Thank you for the information,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Michel Moreau:
The data of the pre-orders are confidential and will not made public.
The subscribers of the pre-orders form will be contacted only by the officers of our Global Licensee when they will be ready for the specific deliveries.
Honestly, I know nothing about the European Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), never heard of them before, but after your today’s important comment I will pass the issue on to our attorneys to have due counsel.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Italo R.
I share your concerns but I doubt NGU power Generators will quickly be adapted to weapons of war… I understand the current NGU Power Generators are specified to work in static or slowly varying applications (e.g., a slow little car slowly around a track). Maybe a military application like a space heater for a fixed tent.
I do not know if a current design NGU could reliably operate in a moving ship, a maneuvering aircraft, or a moving armored vehicle. Also, Military operating temperatures are much more extreme than commercial applications.
Dr Rossi,
Do you still believe that within this year will be started the Ecat deliveries ? This would mean within a month, considering the Winter holidays…
Jean Paul
Jean Paul Renoir:
Yes I do,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
The problem is that once Ecats will hit the market, no one will stop the military from using them to power war machines, starting with drones and all kinds of autonomous robotic weapons.
Unfortunately, the arms market will surely be a huge user of this technology.
Italo R.
Italo R.:
As well as trucks, cars, any kind of vehicle, aeroplanes and any flying object ( manned or not ), knives, dynamite, any kind of electronics…during military service I was tought how to kill an enemy by means of a spoon…luckily, since when I have been born no wars involved directly Italy, and I pray God that all the wars on course be stopped as soon as possible.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hi Dr Rossi,
I totally agree with your answer to Anonymous,
Best
Ambrogio
Ambrogio:
Thank you,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Which result of the current wars you think would be the best for the diffusion of the Ecat ?
Anonymous:
Peace,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Ken Shoulders discovered that Exotic Vacuum Objects (EVOs) can either be bright(white) or black. A black EVO is invisible and does not generate any visible light. Now we know that the EVO is actually a exciton polariton condensate, there is a direct relationship between black EVOs and Dark excitons.
Ken Shoulders described EVOs as micron-sized, high-density charge clusters that could be either “bright” (visible and interacting with light) or “black” (invisible and seemingly transparent to light). This understanding is currently outside the purview of mainstream physics, and the assertion that an EVO is an exciton-polariton condensate is not a scientifically recognized fact but rather a theoretical model or hypothesis proposed by some alternative researchers.
In established condensed matter physics, exciton-polaritons are a mixture of light and matter excitations that can form condensates.
Within this framework: Excitons themselves can be “bright” or “dark” depending on quantum mechanical selection rules related to spin and momentum.
Bright excitons can couple strongly with photons (light) and readily absorb or emit light.
Dark excitons are those whose coupling to light is forbidden or very weak due to their quantum properties (e.g., a required spin-flip or momentum transfer that a photon alone cannot provide).
They can only be observed indirectly, often through coupling with phonons (lattice vibrations) or in the presence of strong magnetic fields.
The speculative connection proposed by some researchers in the alternative physics community is a conceptual parallel:
The “bright” EVO, which interacts with light, is conceptually linked to the “bright” exciton-polariton state.
The “black” or invisible EVO, which does not generate visible light and allows light to pass through it, is conceptually linked to the “dark” exciton state, which is optically inactive.
This proposed relationship is based on an analogy of function (visibility/invisibility) and is part of ongoing theoretical discussions in niche communities, not yet popular in the general physics community. Mainstream science treats EVOs and exciton-polariton condensates as distinct phenomena, the former being a debated experimental anomaly and the latter a well-understood quantum quasiparticle system.
Now Dr. Rossi could improve the power density of his NGU system by making black EVOs visible. Current research described here:
https://www.thebrighterside.news/post/dark-excitons-scientists-make-previously-hidden-states-of-light-shine-300000-times-brighter/?utm_source=flipboard&utm_content=brighter_news/magazine/The+Brighter+Side+of+World+News
This article explains how when researchers changed the formatting of the optical cavity that produce exciton light to make dark excitons visible they saw the strength of the now visible cavity enhanced dark states to ordinary bright excitons, the numbers were astounding. In one sample, the strongest dark exciton was more than 1,400 times brighter than the bright exciton. In another, it was around 2,700 times brighter.
Scaling these measurements to the size of the nanocubes, the researchers calculated enhancement factors reaching 300,000 times brighter. According to the authors, this is among the highest photoluminescence boosts seen in gold based nanocavities for any light emitting material.
This dark exciton finding points to a future where by modifying the format of its optical cavity the NGU can greatly increase its power potential but still keep its size small and make a chip sized NGU possible.
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Also nuclear submarines can be easily spotted by a satellite thanks to all the heat that they radiate.
E-cat powered submarines would be way harder to spot
I would like to expand on a recent post that explains how the light produced by the NGU differs from the light that exists in ordinary everyday life.
https://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=892&cpage=901#comment-1704937
In summery, this post explains that the NGU type of light is a type that was generated by electroweak based physics, a type of physics that existed just after the big bang rather than that based on everyday electromagnetic physics of today.
In Dr. Rossi’s SK patent, it states as follows:
”An important application is the combination of this electrical energy generating device with an LED lamp. Experiments have reached 200,000 lumens with 4 watts of electrical energy supplied from the grid to the electrical energy generator. This is very important given the fact that lighting takes 58% of the electrical energy generated worldwide.”
I posit that this type of electroweak light can stabilize unstable radioactive isotopes because the electroweak force is mediated by a dark photon.
Now that the power production of the NGU has been increased to 500 watts, the light produced by its enlarged optical cavity may have reached the power level sufficient to produce electroweak level light.
A new NGU product based on this type of electroweak light might be able to stabilize any radioactive elements in the same fashion as the SAFIRE III reactor currently does.
For example, an electroweak light might be used to remediate high levels of radiation in basements caused by Radon.
Radioactive waste water from oil drilling via fracking might also be stabilized. The same process is applicable to stabilizing radioactive rare earth waste.
Whenever we need to remove uranium or thorium or their daughter products from the environment just illuminate it with NGU light.
It might also be possible to deactivate nuclear devices in their flight paths by electroweak light irradiation.
Dr. Rossi:
You said that your global licensee’s interest is to make the Ecat a global product. I have been wondering if they are only going to make industrial Ecats now.
Question: Are they still committed to produce the Ecats that can currently be preordered on the ecatthenewfire.com website?
Thank you and regards, Ecat Enthusiast
Ecat Enthusiast:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Is the standard SKLep unit a DC input/DC output only, with additional components available for AC input and/or AC Output? Such as AC to DC wall adapters or power supplies and a DC to AC inverter separate from the standard SKLep unit?
Steven N. Karels:
Thank you for your suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
How to use NGU Power Generators on the Moon.
Problem: the Moon’s gravity is about 1/6 of the Earth’s gravity. NGU Power Generators are rated to operate at Earth gravity, with 45 degrees of vertical.
Solution. A centrifuge with slip rings to route the power to an external load.
Rough computations indicate a 2-foot radius turning at 30 RPM would approach a sensed one g.
Of course, the device would need to be an environmentally controlled shelter.
Thoughts?
Dear Andrea Rossi,
“A nuclear submarine’s reactor generates a significant amount of thermal power, often in the range of 100 to 200 MWt, which is then converted into both propulsion and electrical power. This process uses nuclear fission to create heat, which produces steam to drive turbines. While exact figures are classified, a large submarine reactor can produce enough thermal power to generate roughly 20 to 30 MW of electrical power, enough to run the ship’s systems and propel it.”
SDK Power Generators would be a much more efficient and less noisy power source for submarines.
Thoughts?
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi
Is there going to be a November update?
Jeff:
The update has been released by the last interview to Frank Acland published in Ecatworld a couple of weeks ago,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
You have 15 prototype 500W power units. Are they all performing consistently with one another. Are there “weak sisters” or are they essentially identical in performance?
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Within their margins of performance they are equal,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
P.S.
HAPPY BIRTHDAY !
https://remoteview.substack.com/p/responding-to-comment-on-17-may-2019
My response to the ULTRA LOW ENERGY [anti]neutrinos (ULEN) – also called Relic or Background Neutrinos hypothesis put forth by Dr. Parkhomov.
For this post, the term exotic vacuum object (EVO) is synonymous with boson electron cluster and exciton polariton condensate referenced in Dr. Rossi’s theory paper.
First of all, the neutrino is not a boson which carries force in the standard model.
Next, neutrinos are fermions because they have an intrinsic spin of 1/2. This property places them in the fermion category, along with particles like electrons, protons, and neutrons, as defined by the Pauli exclusion principle and quantum mechanics which states that no two identical fermions can occupy the same quantum state.
This means that an interaction mediated by a neutrino must act alone no matter how large their field of interaction might be to avoid the exclusion principle.
Next, neutrinos are affected by interaction with metal (and all other forms of matter), but these interactions are extremely rare. The probability of interaction is incredibly low, which is why they can pass through vast amounts of matter, including many light-years of solid lead or the entire Earth, with high probability of not interacting.
Neutrinos are electrically neutral and do not interact via the electromagnetic force or the strong nuclear force. They only interact through the weak nuclear force and gravity.
The weak force has an extremely short range, meaning a neutrino has to pass very close to an atomic nucleus to interact.
The distance a neutrino has to pass to interact via the weak force is approximately 1/1000 of the diameter of a proton. More specifically, the effective range of the weak force is about 10^-18 meters (or 0.001 femtometers), which is significantly smaller than the diameter of a typical atomic nucleus (about 10^-14) to (10^-15 meters). The short range is a result of its carrier particles, the W and Z bosons, being very massive, unlike the massless photon of the electromagnetic force.
Matter, even dense metal, is mostly empty space at the subatomic level. This vast “empty” space, combined with the short range of the weak force, means most neutrinos simply pass through without ever getting close enough to an atom’s components to interact.
The neutrino could never be reflected by a parabolic reflector used in Parhomov’s beta half life experiments.
The LENR weak force force carrier must be a boson with infinite range. Such a particle is currently being search for by science. It is called the dark photon.
The Dark Photon
A dark photon is a hypothetical elementary particle that acts as a force carrier for a potential new force in a “hidden” dark sector of the universe. It is analogous to the ordinary photon of electromagnetism but is predicted to have mass and interact very weakly with regular matter, primarily through a mechanism called kinetic mixing with the standard photon.
Connection to Dark Matter
Dark photons are a leading candidate for the substance that makes up dark matter, which accounts for about 85% of the matter in the universe but has not been directly observed outside of its gravitational effects.
Dark Matter Candidate: If they are massive, dark photons could make up a significant portion of the universe’s dark matter abundance.
Vector Portal: They could provide a “vector portal,” or a non-gravitational window, into the dark sector, allowing for potential interactions between dark matter particles and the Standard Model of particle physics.
Astrophysical Anomalies: The existence of dark photons could explain certain astrophysical anomalies, such as the observed temperature of intergalactic filaments in the cosmic web, which is hotter than predicted by standard models.
It could also explain the astrophysical observations of weak force based variations of isotope half life based on positions of celestial bodies.
Properties
Hypothetical: The dark photon is a theoretical extension to the Standard Model of particle physics and has not yet been definitively detected.
Massive: Unlike the standard photon, which is massless, dark photons are generally predicted to have a non-zero mass, allowing them to interact over short distances or exist as a cold dark matter component.
Weak Interaction: Their primary interaction with ordinary matter would be an extremely weak “kinetic mixing” with the regular photon, a coupling constant that experimenters are actively trying to measure.
Hidden States: In some interpretations of quantum mechanics, “dark” states of photons, invisible to detectors, are proposed to explain phenomena like the interference patterns in the double-slit experiment, without relying on the wave nature of light.
Experimental Searches
Physicists are conducting numerous experiments to search for dark photons across a wide range of possible masses and interaction strengths.
Accelerator Searches: Experiments at facilities like the Large Hadron Collider (LHCb, CMS) and Jefferson Lab’s Heavy Photon Search (HPS) look for an excess of electron-positron pairs produced from dark photon decays.
Direct Detection Experiments: Haloscope experiments, such as MADMAX, use sensitive receivers and strong magnetic fields to search for the conversion of dark photons into detectable microwave photons at metal surfaces.
Astrophysical and Cosmological Constraints: Data from space telescopes like Hubble and COBE/FIRAS is used to set limits on the properties of dark photons by analyzing effects on the cosmic radiation background and structure formation in the early universe.
Despite ongoing searches and increasingly stringent limits on their properties, no conclusive evidence for the dark photon has been found, pushing the limits on where this elusive particle might exist in the parameter space of theoretical models.
How the EVO produces Dark Photons.
The EVO stores huge amounts of magnetic energy which allows it to not only transmute matter via quark gluon plasma processes, but also these high energy states make possible unification of the electroweak force as occurred in the early universe.
In the very early universe, at temperatures above approximately 159.5 GeV (before the electroweak symmetry breaking event), the W and Z force bosons were massless. During this period, the electromagnetic force and the weak force were unified into a single electroweak force. The energy required io product electroweak unification is 150 to 200 GeV. If the EVO can transmute matter, it can also exist under electroweak unification.
The force carriers (bosons) of this unified force are all massless and behaved similarly to the photon (which remains massless today). Key aspects of their state were: Mass: The W and Z bosons had no mass, in contrast to their current state where they are among the heaviest known particles.
Range: Because they were massless, the weak interaction they mediated was a long-range force, similar in range to the electromagnetic force.
Unification: The distinction between the weak force and the electromagnetic force did not exist. There were four massless bosons associated with the combined electroweak field.
Symmetry: The universe was in a high-temperature, symmetric state where the underlying symmetry of the electroweak theory was manifest. As the universe cooled and its temperature fell below the critical threshold (around a trillionth of a second after the Big Bang), the electroweak symmetry spontaneously broke due to the Higgs mechanism. This event caused the W and Z bosons to acquire mass by interacting with the Higgs field, which in turn limited the range of the weak force to subatomic scales, creating the weak and electromagnetic forces as we know them today.
Electroweak unification inside the EVO is why no unstable isotopes are produced by transmutation.
These Dark mode electroweak photons can exit the EVO through its domain wall in the same way that huge amounts of light are produced by active EVOs.
Hello Dr. Rossi,
Ecat as a power supply offers lower savings for households and businesses if the electricity is only fed into the grid.
Take Germany as an example: prices on the electricity exchange have been 8.7 ct/kWh so far this year. Using only ecat, which feeds electricity into the grid at around 3 ct/kWh, this would only result in savings of 5-6 ct/kWh plus slightly lower taxes.
However, if the ecat is delivered directly to consumers, the savings are many times higher. Households currently pay 30-40 ct/kWh, which is 10 times more than they would pay with the ecat.
The demand of ecat would also be significantly higher and production facilities could be expanded more quickly and on a larger scale – in every country around the world.
Kind regards
M.Reinhold
M. Reinhold:
Thank you for your insight and your suggestions,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
On Nov 7, 2025, you posted that you had 15 500W prototypes in your possession. Questions:
1. Has the number of 500W units increased, and, if so, how many are now in your possession?
2. What it the power output variance between units at maximum power?
3. Generally, are the 500W units performing in a similar manner to the 100W units?
4. At this time, do you believe the 500W units are a viable design?
5. At this time, do you foresee the 500W units going into large scale production?
Steven Nicholes Karels:
1. no
2. I do not understand exactly your question: please rephrase
3. yes
4. not yet
5. not yet
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
Congratulations for the achievements obtained so far.
I am really afraid about the behavior of the licensee.
What if the licensee will never make available your device for houses, rather keeping for himelf the technology and selling the energy ?
I am afraid people will not be free to produce their own energy and still will depend on them.
Did you had an agreement about how to make your invention really available for everybody? Are you afraid of this issue?
Thank you in advance for your answer
Stefano
Stefano:
The interest of our Global Licensee is to make the Ecat become a global product,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hi Andrea:
In case it might be a helpful suggestion:
In my opinion the E-cat unit price should be that which generates sufficient cash flow to comfortably cover the cost of financing whatever the rate of growth in demand turns out to be:
Suppose, for example, that production starts at a rate of one million units per year (about 2700 units per day), and that demand were to be found to rise at a rate of 50% per year: after 25 years at that expansion rate, output and demand would amount to 2.5×10^10 units annually. I suggest that the product should be priced so as to comfortably finance such a rate of expansion.
Among the advantages of this would be that massive and highly efficient production could be quickly established to forestall the attractiveness to anyone who might wish to compete without complying with their responsibilities under patent law.
Very likely that is already the plan. I am just adding some encouragement.
Rodney.
Rodney Nicholson:
Thank you for your suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea ,
Will the 500 W be cheaper than the 5×100 W. ?
Thanks
Martin:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
are you using an e-cat in your home?
Warm Regards,
Gabriele
Gabriele:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi
May I ask a few more questions about your new high voltage devices that may be of interest to those interested in your work.
1. Is the usage life time of the device I reduced with the higher power output?
2 Or does it remain about the same?
I suppose that with the higher voltage low current devices any joule heating is reduced when compared to the previous 12V devices.
3. Is the heat output of the new device reduced compared to the earlier devices and consequently one may say its efficiency increased?
4. Or does it remain the same percentage (if I recall right about 5% of output power as before?
Best regards
Stephen
Stephen:
1. no
2. yes
3. no
4. yes
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea
One of the biggest problems with wind and solar-based energy is adjusting the production to the current consumption at any given time.
An Ecat-based 22kV-1MW plant includes 2000 simple 500W Ecats.
Can the total energy output from such a plant be regulated in close to 2000 steps so that the production can be easily and accurately adjusted to the current energy demand?
Regards Svein
Svein:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
I totally understand the cautious approach of your global licensee to the market: every other day there is somebody that announces his readiness to present their reactor: what a strange coincidence with the possibility for them to buy something useful for their reverse engineering… If I was your global licensee I too should prefer to sell only big plants for industrial and restricted applications, to consolidate the bases before allowing the reverse engineering that unavoidably will go on.
Good luck !
Don
Donato Giubilei:
I agree.
Thank you for your support,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
It’s almost mid-November now. Can you tell us which of the production sites will produce and deliver the very first ecat units? Which of the sites in the EU, USA or Asia will be the first, second and third? And how many weeks will there be between the first and third production sites?
Warm regards
Steffen
Steffen:
No,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr. Rossi, Your development of a 500W reactor is amazing. Can you tell us, is the actual reactor larger, or do you get the gain from efficiency in managing the existing reactor
Ron Stringer:
It will be larger, but not as much as an assembly made by 5 units of 100 W,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea
Thank you for your quick response to my recognition of your licensees’ strategy.
I can also point out that since in all countries there is also a need for government approvals for new construction and land use, a situation where the applicant, in addition to not requiring access to local electricity, can offer to expand its own energy production beyond its own needs and thereby deliver 22kV to the local network. This with energy that is more environmentally friendly than both wind and solar power.
It is probably very interesting in all local areas in all countries.
Such a building application with such an offer will probably be able to get through the system quickly.
Since an Ecat-based 22kV plant produces the energy and does not only transmit energy produced by others, the Ecat electricity will be able to give the owners of the 22kV stations a good profit compared to normal market prices for electricity in most countries.
Regards Svein
Svein:
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Bonjour Docteur ROSSI et aussi à toute votre Equipe
Suggestion:
des maisons
des usines,
des centrales de production toutes témoins du bon fonctionnement de l’ECAT Il est grand temps de se lancer croyez vous pas?
Amitiés Jean-Claude ELVIRA
ELVIRA:
I agree,
Thank you for your support,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
I read on http://www.ingandrearossi.com how you passed through your calvary. It’s quite moving.
All the best,
Craig
Craig Dunn:
Without that “calvary”, as you dub it, I wouldn’t be where I am now. Thank you for your support,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea
If one or more 22kV units of 1MW can serve a new data center without the need for access to electrical energy from the existing network, there is a very lucrative and pressing market here.
Is such use a clear opportunity?
This alone would be reason enough for your licensees to primarily focus on 22kV units in all countries, as there is a shortage of both available electrical energy and the necessary distribution networks everywhere.
Applications to the authorities for such critical permits would thus be avoided.
Regards Svein
Svein:
Thank you for your suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.